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Guiding Opinions of Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality on the Ascertainment of Compensation Liabilities for Damages Relating to the Copyright Infringement
(No.12 [2005] of the Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality January 11, 2005)
With a view to earnestly maintaining the lawful rights and interests of the copyright owners and other right holders relating to the copyright, effectively cracking down on infringement, regulating the order of the cultural market and unifying the law enforcement standards, the following opinions on the ascertainment of compensation liabilities for damages relating to copyright infringement are put forward pursuant to the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China and the Interpretations of the People's Supreme Court on Some Issues Concerning the Application of Law to the Trial of Civil Disputes of Copyright, and in consideration of the actual situation of the copyright trial of the courts in Beijing Municipality:
Ascertainment of Compensation Liabilities for Damages
| | 北京市高级人民法院关于确定著作权侵权损害赔偿责任的指导意见
（京高法发[2005]12号 2005年1月11日）
为切实维护著作权人和与著作权有关的权利人的合法权益，有效制裁侵权行为，规范文化市场秩序，统一执法标准，根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》、《中华人民共和国著作权法》及《最高人民法院关于审理著作权民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的规定，结合北京市法院著作权审判工作实际，现就如何确定著作权侵权损害赔偿责任提出如下意见：
损害赔偿责任的认定
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Article 1 In case a defendant infringes on the lawful rights and interests of the copyright owners and other right holders relating to the copyright and causes damages, he shall bear the civil liability of paying compensation for the damages.
The plaintiff shall submit relevant evidence to prove the infringement of the defendant. In case the defendant claims himself as innocent, he shall assume the burden of proof, otherwise he shall bear the unfavorable legal consequences.
| | 第一条 被告因过错侵犯著作权人或者与著作权有关的权利人的合法权利且造成损害的，应当承担赔偿损失的民事责任。
原告应当提交被告侵权的相关证据。被告主张自己没有过错的，应当承担举证责任，否则须承担不利的法律后果。
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Article 2 A defendant may be found faulty if he is under any of the following circumstances:
| | 第二条 被告具有下列情形之一的，可以认定其具有过错：
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(1)The defendant has been given warnings, as supported by good evidence produced by the copyright owner, but fails to suspend his infringing acts without justifiable causes;
| | （一）经权利人提出确有证据的警告，被告没有合理理由仍未停止其行为的；
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(2)The defendant fails to fulfill the obligation of conducting examination as prescribed by any law, regulation or administrative rule;
| | （二）未尽到法律法规、行政规章规定的审查义务的；
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(3)The defendant fails to exercise reasonable duty of care in line with the age, educational level, profession and social experiences of a citizen, and the scope of business and industrial requirements of a legal person;
| | （三）未尽到与公民年龄、文化程度、职业、社会经验和法人经营范围、行业要求等相适应的合理注意义务的；
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(4)The defendant infringes on the copyright and other rights relating to the copyright of the other party of the contract when the contract is performed or after it is terminated; or
| | （四）合同履行过程中或合同终止后侵犯合同相对人著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的；
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(5)Any other circumstance under which the defendant may be found as faulty.
| | （五）其他可以认定具有过错的情形。
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Article 3 Where the defendant is faultless when it infringes on the lawful rights and interests of a copyright owner or any other right holder relating to the copyright and causes the damages, he may be exempt from the liability of paying compensation for damages, but may be ordered to return the profits incurred from the infringement. In the event that the infringement results in the defendant's big gains or the plaintiff's comparatively great losses, the defendant may be ordered to give proper compensation to the plaintiff by taking the circumstances into consideration and pursuant to the principle of fairness.
| | 第三条 被告虽无过错但侵犯著作权人或者与著作权有关的权利人的合法权利且造成损害的，不承担损害赔偿责任，但可判令其返还侵权所得利润。如果被告因其行为获利较大，或者给原告造成较大损失的，可以依据公平原则，酌情判令被告给予原告适当补偿。
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Article 4 Where the joint infringement by joint defendants is constituted, they shall assume the joint and several liabilities for compensation.
In case a person is fully aware or should be aware that any other conducts infringement but continuously provides business sites or gives help in any other form to him, he shall assume joint and several liabilities for compensation.
In case a trademark licenser or franchiser of a commercial franchiser is fully aware or should be aware that the licensee is conducting infringement and has the obligation and ability to deter it but fails to take effective measures, he shall assume joint and several liabilities for compensation.
Two or more defendants that constitute an infringement but without joint fault shall separately assume the liability for compensation.
Principles and Methods of Compensation for Damages
| | 第四条 共同被告构成共同侵权的，应当承担连带赔偿责任。
明知或者应知他人实施侵权行为，而仍为其提供经营场所或其他帮助的，应当承担连带赔偿责任。
商标许可人、特许经营的特许人，明知或者应知被许可人实施侵权行为，并有义务也有能力予以制止，却未采取有效措施的，应当承担连带赔偿责任。
二个以上被告均构成侵权，但不具有共同过错的，应当分别承担赔偿责任。
损害赔偿的原则及方法
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Article 5 The amount of compensation for infringement as determined shall comprehensively and fully make up the plaintiff's losses from the infringement.
Within the amount as claimed by the plaintiff, the profits of the defendant from the infringement may be taken as the amount of compensation if there is evidence showing that the profits of the defendant from the infringement are higher than the actual losses of the plaintiff.
| | 第五条 确定的侵权赔偿数额应当能够全面而充分地弥补原告因被侵权而受到的损失。
在原告诉讼请求数额的范围内，如有证据表明被告侵权所得高于原告实际损失的，可以将被告侵权所得作为赔偿数额。
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Article 6 The main methods for determining the amount of compensation for damages relating to the copyright infringement are:
| | 第六条 确定著作权侵权损害赔偿数额的主要方法有：
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(1)Actual losses of the obligee;
| | （一）权利人的实际损失；
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(2)Illegal proceeds of the infringer; and
| | （二）侵权人的违法所得；
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(3)Statutory compensation.
When any of the said calculation methods is applied, the reasonable expenses for the plaintiff to deter the infringement shall be incorporated into the scope of compensation and be circulated as the amount of compensation in the text of the judgment together with other losses.
Where the actual losses of the obligee and the illegal proceeds of the infringer can be fundamentally found out, or by applying the market rules, the amount of compensation may be determined according to the specific conditions of the case and the sufficient evidence, the method of statutory compensation may not be directly applied.
| | （三）法定赔偿。
适用上述计算方法时，应将原告为制止侵权所支付的合理开支列入赔偿范围，并与其他损失一并作为赔偿数额在判决主文中表述。
对权利人的实际损失和侵权人的违法所得可以基本查清，或者根据案件的具体情况，依据充分证据，运用市场规律，可以对赔偿数额予以确定的，不应直接适用法定赔偿方法。
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Article 7 The “actual losses of the obligee” as mentioned in Item (1) of Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of these Provisions may be calculated pursuant to the following methods:
| | 第七条 本规定第六条第一款第（一）项所称“权利人的实际损失”可以依据以下方法计算：
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(1)The amount of reduced profits of the plaintiff due to the infringement of the defendant;
| | （一）被告侵权使原告利润减少的数额；
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(2)The author's remuneration as provided for by the State may be used as a reference if the defendant conducts infringement in the form of newspapers, periodicals or books or in a similar form;
| | （二）被告以报刊、图书出版或类似方式侵权的，可参照国家有关稿酬的规定；
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(3)Reasonable royalty of the plaintiff;
| | （三）原告合理的许可使用费；
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(4)The reduced sales amount of the copies of the plaintiff multiplied by the profit of each copy;
| | （四）原告复制品销量减少的数量乘以该复制品每件利润之积；
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(5)The amount of the infringing copies of the defendant multiplied by the profit of each copy of the plaintiff;
| | （五）被告侵权复制品数量乘以原告每件复制品利润之积；
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(6)The losses of anticipatory profits incurred from the plaintiff's failure to perform the licensing contract or from the difficulty in normally performing the said contract due to the infringement of the defendant;
| | （六）因被告侵权导致原告许可使用合同不能履行或难以正常履行产生的预期利润损失；
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(7)The losses from the devaluation of the plaintiff's work due to the infringement of the defendant; and
| | （七）因被告侵权导致原告作品价值下降产生的损失；
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(8)Other methods by which the actual losses of the plaintiff can be determined.
| | （八）其他确定权利人实际损失的方法。
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Article 8 The “illegal proceeds of the infringer” as mentioned in Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of these Provisions include the three following circumstances :
| | 第八条 本规定第六条第一款第（二）项所称“侵权人的违法所得”包括以下三种情况：
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(1)Profits from selling the products;
| | （一）产品销售利润；
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(2)Profits of business; and
| | （二）营业利润；
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(3)Net profits.
As a general rule, the profits of business of the defendant shall be the amount of compensation.
Where the infringing circumstance or consequence of the defendant is serious, the profits from selling the products may be the amount of compensation.
Where the infringement of the defendant is lenient and is effectively suspended during the duration of the action, the net profits may be the amount of compensation.
In applying any of the aforesaid methods, the defendant shall produce evidence for defence after the plaintiff has primarily produced evidence relating to the defendant's illegal proceeds from the infringement or set forth the reasons; if the defendant produces no evidence or insufficient evidence to prove his claims, the claims of the plaintiff shall be supported.
| | （三）净利润。
一般情况下，应当以被告营业利润作为赔偿数额。
被告侵权情节或者后果严重的，可以产品销售利润作为赔偿数额。
侵权情节轻微，且诉讼期间已经主动停止侵权的，可以净利润作为赔偿数额。
适用上述方法，应当由原告初步举证证明被告侵权所得，或者阐述合理理由后，由被告举证反驳；被告没有证据，或者证据不足以证明其事实主张的，可以支持原告的主张。
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Article 9 The amount of compensation shall be comprehensively determined pursuant to the following factors when the “statutory compensation” as mentioned in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of these Provisions is applied:
．．．．．． | | 第九条 适用本规定第六条第一款第（三）项所称“法定赔偿”应当根据以下因素综合确定赔偿数额：
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