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Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Some Issues Regarding the Application of the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China [Expired]
最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国担保法》若干问题的解释 [失效]
【法宝引证码】
 
  
Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Some Issues Regarding the Application of the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China
This Interpretation is adopted by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court in its No.1133 Conference on September 29, 2000 and promulgated now. It will come into force as of December 13, 2000.
December 8, 2000
Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Some Issues Regarding the Application of the Guarantee Law
(Adopted by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court in its No.1133 at Conference No. 1133 on September 29, 2000. Decree NO. 44.)
In light of ensuring the correct application of the Guaranty Law of the People's Republic of China and Considering the Judicial experiences of the People's courts, the following interpretations have been made concerning the application of law in the court's handling of disputes of guaranty. Based on the judicial experience, this Interpretation is promulgated for the people's courts to correctly apply the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter "the Guarantee Law") in dealing with guarantee disputes.
 

中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告


《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉若干问题的解释》已于2000年9月29日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1133次会议通过,现予公布,自2000年12月13日起施行。
2000年12月8日
最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国担保法》若干问题的解释
(2000年9月29日最高人民法院审判委员会第1133次会议通过 法释〔2000〕44号)
为了正确适用《中华人民共和国担保法》(以下简称担保法),结合审判实践经验,对人民法院审理担保纠纷案件适用法律问题作出如下解释。
PART ONE: INTERPRETATION OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES
 

一、关于总则部分的解释


Article 1 A guarantee created by the parties for the creditor's obligation arising from civil relations may be considered effective if it accords with the forms stipulated in the Guarantee Law and does not violate any compulsory provisions in laws and regulations.
   第一条 当事人对由民事关系产生的债权,在不违反法律、法规强制性规定的情况下,以担保法规定的方式设定担保的,可以认定为有效。
Article 2 Counter-guarantor may be the debtor or some other party.
The form of counter-guarantee may be mortgage or pledge offered by the debtor, or guarantee, mortgage or pledge offered by some other party.
   第二条 反担保人可以是债务人,也可以是债务人之外的其他人。
反担保方式可以是债务人提供的抵押或者质押,也可以是其他人提供的保证、抵押或者质押。
Article 3 A guarantee contract shall be invalid if state organs and institutions, social organizations for the public good violate the law by acting as guarantee provider. The creditor's consequent loss shall be compensated pursuant to Article 5 (2) of the Guarantee Law.
   第三条 国家机关和以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体违反法律规定提供担保的,担保合同无效。因此给债权人造成损失的,应当根据担保法五条第二款的规定处理。
Article 4 A guarantee contract shall be invalid if the directors and managers violate Article 60 of PRC Company Law by providing guarantee for the debt of company's shareholder or other persons. The debtor and guarantee provider shall bear joint compensation liability for creditor's loss unless the creditor knows or should know about the fact.
   第四条 董事、经理违反《中华人民共和国公司法》第六十条的规定,以公司资产为本公司的股东或者其他个人债务提供担保的,担保合同无效。除债权人知道或者应当知道的外,债务人、担保人应当对债权人的损失承担连带赔偿责任。
Article 5 If a guarantee is created on a property that is prohibited by laws and regulations from circulating, or not transferable, the guarantee contract shall be invalid.
If a guarantee is created on a property restricted by laws and regulations from circulating, the people's court shall dispose of the property to realize the creditor's right according to relevant laws and regulations.
   第五条 以法律、法规禁止流通的财产或者不可转让的财产设定担保的,担保合同无效。
以法律、法规限制流通的财产设定担保的,在实现债权时,人民法院应当按照有关法律、法规的规定对该财产进行处理。
Article 6 A foreign guarantee contract shall be invalid if:
   第六条 有下列情形之一的,对外担保合同无效:
1. the guarantee is not approved or registered by relevant administration authorities;
 (一)未经国家有关主管部门批准或者登记对外担保的;
2. the guarantee is provided to domestic creditor for overseas organs without approval or registration by relevant administration authorities;
 (二)未经国家有关主管部门批准或者登记,为境外机构向境内债权人提供担保的;
3. the guarantee is created to secure registered capital or the foreign party's external debt of its investment in a foreign-invested enterprise;
 (三)为外商投资企业注册资本、外商投资企业中的外方投资部分的对外债务提供担保的;
4. a foreign exchange guarantee is provided by a financial organ whose business scope does not include foreign exchange guarantee, or a foreign exchange guarantee offered by a non-financial enterprise legal person without foreign exchange income;
 (四)无权经营外汇担保业务的金融机构、无外汇收入的非金融性质的企业法人提供外汇担保的;
5. the guarantee provider will not assume any obligation if the principal contract is altered or the creditor transfers the right of a foreign guarantee contract without consent of the guarantee provider or approval of relevant administration authorities, except as otherwise provided by laws and regulations.
 (五)主合同变更或者债权人将对外担保合同项下的权利转让,未经担保人同意和国家有关主管部门批准的,担保人不再承担担保责任。但法律、法规另有规定的除外。
Article 7 The guarantee provider and debtor shall assume joint compensation liability for the creditor's loss on the condition that the principal contract is valid while the guarantee contract is invalid, and the creditor is not at fault. If the creditor and guarantee provider are both at fault, the guarantee provider's portion of civil liability shall not exceed half of the debtor's unpayable portion.
   第七条 主合同有效而担保合同无效,债权人无过错的,担保人与债务人对主合同债权人的经济损失,承担连带赔偿责任;债权人、担保人有过错的,担保人承担民事责任的部分,不应超过债务人不能清偿部分的二分之一。
Article 8 The guarantee provider shall not assume any civil obligation if the guarantee contract is invalid due to the invalidity of the principal contract and the provider is not at fault. If the guarantee provider is at fault, he shall bear no more than one third of the obligation that can not be fulfilled by the debtor.
   第八条 主合同无效而导致担保合同无效,担保人无过错的,担保人不承担民事责任;担保人有过错的,担保人承担民事责任的部分,不应超过债务人不能清偿部分的三分之一。
Article 9 The guarantee provider may have recourse against the debtor after assuming compensation liability to the creditor in case of invalid guarantee contract. The guarantee provider may also require the counter-guarantee provider at fault to bear the liability within the compensation scope.
The guarantee provider may bring a lawsuit against the debtor or counter-guarantee provider on the basis of the fact that compensation has been made fact.
   第九条 担保人因无效担保合同向债权人承担赔偿责任后,可以向债务人追偿,或者在承担赔偿责任的范围内,要求有过错的反担保人承担赔偿责任。
担保人可以根据承担赔偿责任的事实对债务人或者反担保人另行提起诉讼。
Article 10 After termination of principal contract, the guarantor shall still be liable to the debtor for the latter's civil obligation, except as otherwise stipulated by guarantee contract.
   第十条 主合同解除后,担保人对债务人应当承担的民事责任仍应承担担保责任。但是,担保合同另有约定的除外。
Article 11 The act of concluding a guarantee contract by the legal representative or person in charge in a judicial person or other organization beyond their scope of authorization shall be valid , except when the counter party knows or should know about such fact.
   第十一条 法人或者其他组织的法定代表人、负责人超越权限订立的担保合同,除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越权限的以外,该代表行为有效。
Article 12 The guarantee term agreed upon by the parties or required by registration authorities shall not affect the continuity of the guarantee.
Within two years after the limitation of action for a creditor's secured right expires, the people's court shall support the creditor's exercise of his guarantee right.
   第十二条 当事人约定的或者登记部门要求登记的担保期间,对担保物权的存续不具有法律约束力。
担保物权所担保的债权的诉讼时效结束后,担保权人在诉讼时效结束后的二年内行使担保物权的,人民法院应当予以支持。
PART II INTERPRETATION OF GUARANTEE
 

二、关于保证部分的解释


Article 13 If a guarantee contract reads that the guarantor shall fulfill a non-monetary obligation and the guarantor defaults, he shall compensate the creditor for the consequent loss.
   第十三条 保证合同中约定保证人代为履行非金钱债务的,如果保证人不能实际代为履行,对债权人因此造成的损失,保证人应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 14 If the any legal persons, other organizations or natural persons without complete solvency enters into any guarantee contract as a guarantor, and require pleads to be exempted from guarantee liability for their lack of solvency afterwards, such pleadings shall not be supported by the people's court shall not support it..
   第十四条 不具有完全代偿能力的法人、其他组织或者自然人,以保证人身份订立保证合同后,又以自己没有代偿能力要求免除保证责任的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 15 Other organizations provided in Article 7 of the Guarantee Law mainly include:
   第十五条 担保法七条规定的其他组织主要包括:
1. independently-invested and partnership enterprises with legal registration and business license;
 (一)依法登记领取营业执照的独资企业、合伙企业;
2. jointly-operated enterprises with legal registration and business license;
 (二)依法登记领取营业执照的联营企业;
3. Sino-sino-foreign cooperative joint ventures with legal registration and business license;
 (三)依法登记领取营业执照的中外合作经营企业;
4. social organizations approved and registered by civil authorities;
 (四)经民政部门核准登记的社会团体;
5. township, neighborhood and village enterprises with legal registration and business license;
 (五)经核准登记领取营业执照的乡镇、街道、村办企业。
Article 16 The guarantee contract entered into by operating institutions or social organizations as guarantor shall be deemed valid, if there is no reason for invalidity of the contract.
   第十六条 从事经营活动的事业单位、社会团体为保证人的,如无其他导致保证合同无效的情况,其所签定的保证合同应当认定为有效。
Article 17 A guarantee contract shall be invalid if the guarantee is provided by branch of enterprise legal person without authorization by such legal person. The consequent loss of creditor shall be compensated according to Article 5 (2) of the Guarantee Law.
When providing guarantee with written authorization of enterprise legal person, if the scope of authorization is not clear, the branch of enterprise legal person shall assume full responsibility for the debt agreed upon in the guarantee contract.
If the guarantee liability exceeds the property amount of the branch, the enterprise legal person shall assume the obligation.
The branch shall bear compensation liability with its own property when the guarantee contract is invalid. If the enterprise legal person is at fault, Article 29 of the Guarantee Law shall apply.
   第十七条 企业法人的分支机构未经法人书面授权提供保证的,保证合同无效。因此给债权人造成损失的,应当根据担保法五条第二款的规定处理。
企业法人的分支机构经法人书面授权提供保证的,如果法人的书面授权范围不明,法人的分支机构应当对保证合同约定的全部债务承担保证责任。
企业法人的分支机构经营管理的财产不足以承担保证责任的,由企业法人承担民事责任。
企业法人的分支机构提供的保证无效后应当承担赔偿责任的,由分支机构经营管理的财产承担。企业法人有过错的,按照担保法二十九条的规定处理。
Article 18 A guarantee offered by functional divisions of enterprise legal person is invalid. The creditor shall bear consequent loss if he knows or should know that the guarantor is a functional division of an enterprise legal person.
If the creditor is not aware that the guarantor is a functional division of an enterprise legal person, the consequent loss may be dealt with according to Article 5(2) and Article 29 of the Guarantee Law.
   第十八条 企业法人的职能部门提供保证的,保证合同无效。债权人知道或者应当知道保证人为企业法人的职能部门的,因此造成的损失由债权人自行承担。
债权人不知保证人为企业法人的职能部门,因此造成的损失,可以参照担保法五条第二款的规定和第二十九条的规定处理。
Article 19 Where two or more guarantors secure the same debt simultaneously or respectively, but guarantors and creditor have not agreed on guarantee shares, such guarantee shall be deemed as joint guarantee.
Where the joint guarantors defend against creditor with their internal agreement of guarantee shares, such defense shall not be supported by the people's court.
   第十九条 两个以上保证人对同一债务同时或者分别提供保证时,各保证人与债权人没有约定保证份额的,应当认定为连带共同保证。
连带共同保证的保证人以其相互之间约定各自承担的份额对抗债权人的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 20 If the debtor of a joint guarantee does not fulfill his liability upon the termination of term for performance as written in the principal contract, the creditor may require the debtor to fulfill his liability or require any one of the guarantors to bear the entire liability.
After undertaking guarantee responsibility, the joint guarantors may divide the portion that is unrecoverable from the debtor according to the share agreed upon internally. If no such share is agreed upon, this portion shall be divided equally.
   第二十条 连带共同保证的债务人在主合同规定的债务履行期届满没有履行债务的,债权人可以要求债务人履行债务,也可以要求任何一个保证人承担全部保证责任。
连带共同保证的保证人承担保证责任后,向债务人不能追偿的部分,由各连带保证人按其内部约定的比例分担。没有约定的,平均分担。
Article 21 The joint guarantors by shares shall be entitled to claim repayment from the debtor within the scope of guarantee liability after fulfilling their own shares of guarantee responsibilities as agreed upon in the guarantee contract.
   第二十一条 按份共同保证的保证人按照保证合同约定的保证份额承担保证责任后,在其履行保证责任的范围内对债务人行使追偿权。
Article 22 Without holding objection, the creditor accepts a written guarantee which is unilaterally provided by a third party, the guarantee contract shall be concluded.
Where the guarantor signs or stamps on the principal contract without guarantee terms in the capacity of guarantor, the guarantee contract shall be concluded.
   第二十二条 第三人单方以书面形式向债权人出具担保书,债权人接受且未提出异议的,保证合同成立。
主合同中虽然没有保证条款,但是,保证人在主合同上以保证人的身份签字或者盖章的,保证合同成立。
Article 23 After specifying the uncertain obligation in a contract of a guarantee up to a maximum amount, the guarantor shall assume responsibility within the maximum amount for the continuous obligations arising in a specific period.
   第二十三条 最高额保证合同的不特定债权确定后,保证人应当对在最高债权额限度内就一定期间连续发生的债权余额承担保证责任。
Article 24 At the expiration of term for obligation performance in a principal contract, if the general guarantor provides authentic information to the creditor concerning the debtor's property that is eligible for execution, but the creditor waivers or neglects the right and causes the failure of execution on this property, the guarantor may require the court to exempt him from guarantee liability within the actual value scope of the above property.
   第二十四条 一般保证的保证人在主债权履行期间届满后,向债权人提供了债务人可供执行财产的真实情况的,债权人放弃或者怠于行使权利致使该财产不能被执行,保证人可以请求人民法院在其提供可供执行财产的实际价值范围内免除保证责任。
Article 25 Major difficulties The major difficult conditions for the creditor to require the debtor to perform obligation stipulated in Section A of Article 17 (3) include : unknown whereabouts, emigration of the debtor or no property of the debtor to be executed.
   第二十五条 担保法十七条第三款第(一)项规定的债权人要求债务人履行债务发生的重大困难情形,包括债务人下落不明、移居境外,且无财产可供执行。
Article 26 The third party that guarantees for the creditor to supervise the special purpose of a special fund will be free from liability after performance of the above obligation. If the third party defaults and results in suffers capital loss, he it shall bear supplementary compensation liability for the lost capital.
   第二十六条 第三人向债权人保证监督支付专款专用的,在履行了监督支付专款专用的义务后,不再承担责任。未尽监督义务造成资金流失的,应当对流失的资金承担补充赔偿责任。
Article 27 Where the guarantor secures the debtor's registered capital and the debtor's actual investment does not accord with registered capital, or the debtor withdraws and transfers the registered capital, the guarantor shall assume joint guarantee liability in the scope of the insufficient capital or transferred capital.
   第二十七条 保证人对债务人的注册资金提供保证的,债务人的实际投资与注册资金不符,或者抽逃转移注册资金的,保证人在注册资金不足或者抽逃转移注册资金的范围内承担连带保证责任。
Article 28 When the creditor lawfully transfers his principal obligation to a third party during the guarantee period, the guaranteed obligation shall be transferred simultaneously and the guarantor shall fulfill his guarantee liability for the transferee in the original scope of the guarantee. The guarantor shall be exempt from liability if it is agreed by guarantor and creditor that the guarantee is provided only to specific creditor or the credit is not transferable.
   第二十八条 保证期间,债权人依法将主债权转让给第三人的,保证债权同时转让,保证人在原保证担保的范围内对受让人承担保证责任。但是保证人与债权人事先约定仅对特定的债权人承担保证责任或者禁止债权转让的,保证人不再承担保证责任。
Article 29 In the guarantee term, if the creditor allows the debtor to transfer part of his debt without written consent of the guarantor, the guarantor will not bear any liability for that part of the debt, while he is still liable for the remaining part of the debt.
   第二十九条 保证期间,债权人许可债务人转让部分债务未经保证人书面同意的,保证人对未经其同意转让部分的债务,不再承担保证责任。但是,保证人仍应当对未转让部分的债务承担保证责任。
Article 30 In the guarantee term, if without guarantor's consent, the creditor and the debtor alter quantity, price, currency , interest rate and the like of the principal contract, and if the alteration reduces the debtor's obligation, the guarantor shall still bear the liability for the altered contract; if the alteration increases the debtor's obligation, the guarantor will not be liable for the increased portion.
Without the guarantor's written consent, if the creditor and debtor alter the performance duration of the principal contract, the guarantee duration shall remain unchanged or shall be the statutory duration.
The guarantor shall still bear the guarantee liability if the creditor and debtor agree to alter content of principal contract but have not performed accordingly.
   第三十条 保证期间,债权人与债务人对主合同数量、价款、币种、利率等内容作了变动,未经保证人同意的,如果减轻债务人的债务的,保证人仍应当对变更后的合同承担保证责任;如果加重债务人的债务的,保证人对加重的部分不承担保证责任。
债权人与债务人对主合同履行期限作了变动,未经保证人书面同意的,保证期间为原合同约定的或者法律规定的期间。
债权人与债务人协议变动主合同内容,但并未实际履行的,保证人仍应当承担保证责任。
Article 31 The duration of the guarantee shall not be suspended, discontinued or extended under any circumstances.
   第三十一条 保证期间不因任何事由发生中断、中止、延长的法律后果。
Article 32 A guarantee term stipulated in a guarantee contract which is earlier than or the same as the performance term of principal debt shall be deemed as not stipulated. The guarantee term shall be six months from the expiration date of the term for performance of the principal obligation.
It will be considered as an unclear provision if the guarantee contract stipulates that the guarantor shall bear liability until the principal amount and interest for the principal debt have been paid. The guarantee term shall be two years from the expiration of the term for performance of the principal obligation.
   第三十二条 保证合同约定的保证期间早于或者等于主债务履行期限的,视为没有约定,保证期间为主债务履行期届满之日起六个月。
保证合同约定保证人承担保证责任直至主债务本息还清时为止等类似内容的,视为约定不明,保证期间为主债务履行期届满之日起二年。
Article 33 Where there is no stipulation or no clear stipulation in the principal contract concerning the performance term for principal debt, the guarantee term shall be computed from the expiration date of the  grace period for the debtor to fulfill his obligation.
   第三十三条 主合同对主债务履行期限没有约定或者约定不明的,保证期间自债权人要求债务人履行义务的宽限期届满之日起计算。
Article 34 Where the creditor of a general guarantee files a suit or applies for arbitration against the debtor before the expiration of the  guarantee term, the limitation of action for guarantee contract shall be computed from the effective date of verdict or arbitration award.
When the creditor of joint liability guarantee requires the guarantor to assume liability before the expiration date of guarantee term, the limitation of action for the guarantee contract shall be computed from the date of the creditor's requirement.
   第三十四条 一般保证的债权人在保证期间届满前对债务人提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的,从判决或者仲裁裁决生效之日起,开始计算保证合同的诉讼时效。
连带责任保证的债权人在保证期间届满前要求保证人承担保证责任的,从债权人要求保证人承担保证责任之日起,开始计算保证合同的诉讼时效。
Article 35 Where the guarantor bears liability or provides guarantee for debt that has exceeded the limitation of action, if and he defends on the basis that such liability has exceeded the limitation of action, with the above fact afterwards, the people's court shall not support him.
   第三十五条 保证人对已经超过诉讼时效期间的债务承担保证责任或者提供保证的,又以超过诉讼时效为由抗辩的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 36 In a general guarantee, the limitation of action for guarantee debt will discontinue when that of the principal debt discontinues. In joint liability guarantee, the limitation of action for guarantee debt will not discontinue when that of the principal debt discontinues.
In both general and joint liability guarantees, the limitation of action for guarantee debt will suspend when that of the principal debt suspend.
   第三十六条 一般保证中,主债务诉讼时效中断,保证债务诉讼时效中断;连带责任保证中,主债务诉讼时效中断,保证债务诉讼时效不中断。
一般保证和连带责任保证中,主债务诉讼时效中止的,保证债务的诉讼时效同时中止。
Article 37 Where there is no agreement or no clear agreement on the guarantee term in the contract of guarantee up to a maximum amount, if the term for guarantor to pay debt is written in the contract, the guarantee term shall be six months from the expiration of the term for guarantor's payment of debt. If the term for payment of debt is not stipulated in the  contract, the guarantee term shall be six months from the termination of the  guarantee up to the a maximum amount, or six months from the date of the creditor's receiving of the guarantor's written notice about terminating guarantee contract.
   第三十七条 最高额保证合同对保证期间没有约定或者约定不明的,如最高额保证合同约定有保证人清偿债务期限的,保证期间为清偿期限届满之日起六个月。没有约定债务清偿期限的,保证期间自最高额保证终止之日或自债权人收到保证人终止保证合同的书面通知到达之日起六个月。
Article 38 Where an obligation is secured by both a guarantee and a property security of a third party, the creditor may require the guarantor or such third party to perform obligation. Where there is no agreement or no clear agreement by the parties concerning the scope of guarantee or property security, the guarantor who has fulfilled the liability may have recourse against the debtor or have the right to require the other guarantors to answer for their shares.
......
   第三十八条 同一债权既有保证又有第三人提供物的担保的,债权人可以请求保证人或者物的担保人承担担保责任。当事人对保证担保的范围或者物的担保的范围没有约定或者约定不明的,承担了担保责任的担保人,可以向债务人追偿,也可以要求其他担保人清偿其应当分担的份额。
同一债权既有保证又有物的担保的,物的担保合同被确认无效或者被撤销,或者担保物因不可抗力的原因灭失而没有代位物的,保证人仍应当按合同的约定或者法律的规定承担保证责任。
债权人在主合同履行期届满后怠于行使担保物权,致使担保物的价值减少或者毁损、灭失的,视为债权人放弃部分或者全部物的担保。保证人在债权人放弃权利的范围内减轻或者免除保证责任。
......



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