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Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Issuing the Opinions on Several Issues concerning Intellectual Property Trials Serving the Overall Objective under the Current Economic Situation
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最高人民法院印发《关于当前经济形势下知识产权审判服务大局若干问题的意见》的通知
[现行有效]
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【法宝引证码】
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Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Issuing the Opinions on Several Issues concerning Intellectual Property Trials Serving the Overall Objective under the Current Economic Situation
(No. 23 [2009] of the Supreme People's Court)
The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court of the PLA; and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region:
We hereby issue the Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning Intellectual Property Trials Serving the Overall Objective under the Current Economic Situation to you. Please earnestly implement them in consideration of the actualities of the trial work.
April 21, 2009
Opinions on Several Issues concerning Intellectual Property Trials Serving the Overall Objective under the Current Economic Situation
At present, China's national economy continues to maintain a stable yet relatively rapid development, the reform and opening up is further advanced, the public causes are developing at an accelerated pace and the people's living standards are further improved; however, we are also facing serious difficulties and challenges simultaneously. In order to deeply implement the tenets of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, implement the national intellectual property strategy, make intellectual property trials better serve the overall objective of “effectively coping with the impacts of the international financial crisis and promoting a stable yet relatively rapid economic development”, and make more active contributions to “ensuring growth, guaranteeing people's livelihood and maintaining stability”, we hereby put forward the following opinions on several issues concerning doing a good job in the intellectual property trial work by the people's courts under the current economic situation:
| | 最高人民法院印发《关于当前经济形势下知识产权审判服务大局若干问题的意见》的通知
（法发〔2009〕23号）
各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院：
现将《最高人民法院关于当前经济形势下知识产权审判服务大局若干问题的意见》印发给你们，请结合审判工作实际，认真贯彻执行。
二○○九年四月二十一日
关于当前经济形势下知识产权审判服务大局若干问题的意见
当前，我国国民经济继续保持平稳较快发展，改革开放深入推进，社会事业加快发展，人民生活进一步改善，但同时也面临着严重的困难和挑战。为深入贯彻全国“两会”精神，落实国家知识产权战略，使知识产权审判更好地服务于有效应对国际金融危机冲击，促进经济平稳较快发展的大局，为“保增长、保民生、保稳定”作出更加积极的贡献，现就当前经济形势下人民法院做好知识产权审判工作的若干问题，提出如下意见：
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I. Based on reality, highlighting the key points and striving to enhance the pertinency and effectiveness of intellectual property trials in serving the overall objective
| | 一、立足实际，突出重点，努力增强知识产权审判服务大局的针对性和有效性
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1. We shall fully understand the importance of the intellectual property protection in promoting the stable and relatively rapid economic development, and effectively enhance the sense of mission to serve the overall objective. Intellectual property is a primary embodiment of the state's scientific and technological innovation ability and level, a strategic resource for the national development and a core factor for enhancing the international competitiveness. The modern economic competition is, after all, competition in intellectual property. Strengthening intellectual property protection and enhancing the level of creation, use and management of intellectual property are of great significance for speeding up the economic restructuring, changing the mode of development, promoting independent innovation, deepening reform and improving the level of opening up so as to maintain a stable yet relatively rapid economic development. Historical experience shows that economic crises are often accompanied by scientific and technological revolution which then becomes an important engine pushing forward a new round of economic growth and prosperity. Under the current economic situation, strengthening intellectual property protection plays a significant role in effectively promoting the scientific and technological innovation and revolution, giving birth to new industries, creating new market demands, fostering new economic growth points and ushering in a new direction of economic development.
| | 1、充分认识知识产权保护对于促进经济平稳较快发展的重要性，切实增强服务大局的使命感。知识产权是国家科技创新能力和水平的集中体现，是国家发展的战略性资源，是提高国际竞争力的核心要素。现代经济竞争归根结底也是知识产权的竞争。加强知识产权保护，提高知识产权的创造、运用和管理水平，对于加快经济结构调整、转变发展方式、推进自主创新、深化改革、提高对外开放水平，从而保持经济平稳较快发展，都具有重要意义。历史经验表明，经济危机常常伴随着科技革命，科技革命又成为推动新一轮经济增长和繁荣的重要引擎。在当前经济形势下加强知识产权保护，对于有效推动科技创新和科技革命，为催生新兴产业、创造新的市场需求、培育新的经济增长点和引领经济发展新方向，具有重大作用。
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2. We shall pay great attention to the new demands for the intellectual property trials posed by changes in the international and domestic economic situations, and effectively strengthen the pertinency, effectiveness and initiative in serving the overall objective. The current economic situation has set forth newer and higher requirements and expectations for the intellectual property trials. The judicial protection of intellectual property can only be strengthened and enhanced, and shall never be weakened or loosened. Courts at all levels shall raise the sense of crisis, sense of hardship, sense of macro thinking and sense of overall objective, pay more attention to expanding the space for innovation, promoting the cultivation of independent intellectual property, independent brands and new economic growth points, enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises and raising the core competitiveness of China, and give more weight to creating an open and free trade and investment environment, regulating the market order, safeguarding fair competition, improving the socialist market economic system, vigorously promoting the building of an honest society, and giving full play to the unique role of intellectual property trials in coping with challenges and turning crisis into opportunities.
| | 2、高度关注国际国内经济形势变化对于知识产权审判的新需求，切实增强服务大局的针对性、有效性和主动性。当前经济形势对于知识产权审判提出了更新更高的要求和期待。知识产权司法保护只能加强和提升，不能削弱和放松。各级法院务必要增强危机意识、忧患意识、宏观意识和大局意识，更加注重拓展创新空间，促进培育自主知识产权、自主品牌和新的经济增长点，增强企业的市场竞争力，提高国家的核心竞争力；更加注重营造开放自由的贸易和投资环境，规范市场秩序，维护公平竞争，完善社会主义市场经济体制，大力推动诚信社会的建设，在应对挑战、化危为机中充分发挥知识产权审判的独特职能作用。
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II. Strengthening patent protection, focusing on fostering scientific and technological innovation capability and expanding space for innovation, and actively promoting independent innovation
| | 二、加大专利权保护力度，着力培育科技创新能力和拓展创新空间，积极推进自主创新
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3. We shall take the opportunity of implementing the newly revised patent law to attach great importance to patent trials and fully raise the level of patent trials. The scientific and technological innovations with patent as the core form the core competitiveness of enterprises and the state, and strengthening patent protection plays the most direct and important role in promoting scientific and technological advancement and independent innovation. The relevant courts shall have the sense of responsibility and sense of mission to enhance the innovation capability and build an innovation-oriented country, attach great importance to the patent trials, and take the escalation of the level of patent trials as a major work. We shall deeply understand and correctly apprehend the legislative purposes and spirit of the patent law, strengthen investigation and research, timely find new situations and solve new problems to ensure the correct implementation of the revised patent law.
| | 3、以贯彻新修订的专利法为契机，高度重视专利审判工作，全面提高专利审判水平。以专利为核心的科技创新成果构成了企业和国家的核心竞争力，加强专利权保护对于科技进步和自主创新具有最直接、最重要的促进作用。各有关法院要以提高创新能力和建设创新型国家的责任感和使命感，高度重视专利案件的审理，把提高专利审判水平作为一项重点工作。要深刻领会和正确把握专利法立法宗旨和精神，加强调查研究，及时发现新情况，解决新问题，确保修订后的专利法的正确贯彻实施。
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4. We shall accurately apprehend the judicial policies on patent, and practically strengthen patent protection. We shall, starting from China's national conditions and according to China's scientific and technological development stage and industrial intellectual property policies, legally determine the reasonable scope and intensity of judicial protection of patents; not only give enterprises diving forces to make investment and innovation, arouse individuals' passion of creation and infuse vigor of creation into the society, but also prevent patent from becoming an obstacle to technological progress or an improper tool used against competitors; and be able to not only fully mobilize and allocate the capital and technical resources of the whole society, but also speed up the dissemination and utilization of technical information. We shall correctly apply the principles and methods for determining patent infringements, further summarize trial experience, and improve the interpretation rules on claims and comparison standards for infringement determination. We shall correctly interpret the claims of invention patents or utility model patents, accurately define the scope of patent protection, and neither simply limit the scope of patent protection to the strict literal meaning of the claims nor take the claims as a technical guidance that may be construed at will. We shall start from the midway between the above two extreme interpretations to cause the interpretation of the claims to not only provide fair protection to patentees but also ensure reasonable legal stability for the general public. All the technical features written into the independent claims shall be included in the comparison list of the technical features. Any substantive waiver or limitation made by a right holder in the right confirmation procedures for the granted patents shall be subject to estoppel in the infringement proceedings, and the relevant technical contents shall not be included again in the scope of protection. We shall tighten the applicable conditions for equivalent infringement, seek ways to improve the applicable rules on equivalent infringement, and prevent the inappropriate expansion of the scope of protection. We shall carefully examine all kinds of non-infringement defenses and defenses to infringement liabilities, reasonably determine the right of prior use, and legally support the defense of existing technologies.
| | 4、准确把握专利司法政策，切实加强专利权保护。要从我国国情出发，根据我国科技发展阶段和产业知识产权政策，依法确定合理的专利司法保护范围和强度，既要使企业具有投资创新的动力，使个人具有创造热情，使社会富有创造活力，又不能使专利权成为阻碍技术进步、不正当打击竞争对手的工具；既能够充分调动、配置全社会的资本和技术资源，又能够加速技术信息的传播和利用。要正确适用专利侵权判定原则和方法，进一步总结审判经验，完善权利要求解释规则和侵权对比判定标准。正确解释发明和实用新型专利的权利要求，准确界定专利权保护范围，既不能简单地将专利权保护范围限于权利要求严格的字面含义，也不能将权利要求作为一种可以随意发挥的技术指导，应当从上述两种极端解释的中间立场出发，使权利要求的解释既能够为专利权人提供公平的保护，又能确保给予公众以合理的法律稳定性。凡写入独立权利要求的技术特征，均应纳入技术特征对比之列。对于权利人在专利授权确权程序中所做的实质性的放弃或者限制，在侵权诉讼中应当禁止反悔，不能将有关技术内容再纳入保护范围。严格等同侵权的适用条件，探索完善等同侵权的适用规则，防止不适当地扩张保护范围。依法认真审查各种不侵权抗辩事由和侵权责任抗辩事由，合理认定先用权，依法支持现有技术抗辩。
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III. Enhancing the business logo protection, actively promoting the development of brand economy, regulating the market order, and protecting fair competition
| | 三、加强商业标识保护，积极推动品牌经济发展，规范市场秩序和维护公平竞争
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5. We shall fully respect the market value of well-known brands, and strengthen the protection of well-known brands according to law. Well-known brands embody the competitive edges of enterprises, are efficient instruments for enterprises to participate in domestic and international market competition, represent the core economic competitiveness, and are not only strategic assets of enterprises and the state but also a major factor guiding the direction of market consumption. The people's courts shall, through legally strengthening the trademark protection and preventing unfair competition, provide a harmonious and relaxed legal environment for the creation and development of well-known brands, push forward the development of brand economy, stimulate and create consumption demands, boost economic growth, and enhance both the domestic and the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.
| | 5、充分尊重知名品牌的市场价值，依法加强知名品牌保护。知名品牌凝聚了企业的竞争优势，是企业参与国内国际市场竞争的利器，代表着核心的经济竞争力，是企业和国家的战略性资产，也是引领市场消费方向的主要因素。人民法院要通过依法加强商标权保护和制止不正当竞争，为知名品牌的创立和发展提供和谐宽松的法律环境，促进品牌经济发展，刺激和创造消费需求，拉动经济增长，增强我国企业的国内和国际竞争力。
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6. We shall improve the judicial policies on trademarks, strengthen the protection of trademark rights and promote the fostering of independent brands. We shall correctly apprehend the exclusive attribute of trademark rights, reasonably define the scope of rights, and not only ensure the rational use of trademark resources but also safeguard fair competition. We shall not only strengthen the protection of core areas of the exclusive right to use a trademarks on the basis of the approved commodities and trademarks, but also reasonably demarcate the scope of exceptions of trademark rights by taking market confusion as a guideline, so as to ensure that a clear line is drawn among business operators in the use of trademarks and provide sufficient legal space for the creation and development of independent brands. For the use of a trademark which is the same as a registered trademark on the same kind of commodity without the permission of the trademark registrant, except for legitimate and reasonable use, the confusion factor need not be considered in the determination of infringement. The determination of commodity similarity or trademark similarity requires the consideration of the extent of distinctiveness and market popularity of registered trademarks for which protection is sought. We shall give protection with a wider scope and a greater intensity to the registered trademarks which are more distinctive and more popular in the market, so as to stimulate the winners in market competition, purify the market environment and curb improper “hitch-hiking” and imitation acts.
| | 6、完善商标司法政策，加强商标权保护，促进自主品牌的培育。正确把握商标权的专用权属性，合理界定权利范围，既确保合理利用商标资源，又维护公平竞争；既以核定使用的商品和核准使用的商标为基础，加强商标专用权核心领域的保护，又以市场混淆为指针，合理划定商标权的排斥范围，确保经营者之间在商标的使用上保持清晰的边界，使自主品牌的创立和发展具有足够的法律空间。未经商标注册人许可，在同一种商品上使用与其注册商标相同的商标的，除构成正当合理使用的情形外，认定侵权行为时不需要考虑混淆因素。认定商品类似和商标近似要考虑请求保护的注册商标的显著程度和市场知名度，对于显著性越强和市场知名度越高的注册商标，给予其范围越宽和强度越大的保护，以激励市场竞争的优胜者，净化市场环境，遏制不正当搭车、模仿行为。
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7. We shall properly handle the relationship between the actual use of registered trademarks and assumption of civil liabilities, and make the assumption of civil liabilities conducive to encouraging the use of trademarks, activating trademark resources and preventing the use of registered trademarks for speculation. If a registered trademark for which protection is sought is not actually put into commercial use, we may, when determining civil liabilities, mainly adopt the manner of ordering the stop of infringement. When determining the compensatory liability, we shall take into account the fact that the registered trademark is not actually used, and except for the reasonable costs incurred for rights protection, the compensation shall generally not be determined based on the profits gained by the accused infringer if there is indeed no actual loss and other damages. If the registrant or assignee has no real intention to use the registered trademark, and only take it as a tool for claim, the infringer may be exempt from compensation. If the registered trademark falls under the circumstance that it has not been used for three consecutive years as prescribed in the trademark law, the request for compensation for damages may be dismissed.
．．．．．． | | 7、妥善处理注册商标实际使用与民事责任承担的关系，使民事责任的承担有利于鼓励商标使用，激活商标资源，防止利用注册商标不正当地投机取巧。请求保护的注册商标未实际投入商业使用的，确定民事责任时可将责令停止侵权行为作为主要方式，在确定赔偿责任时可以酌情考虑未实际使用的事实，除为维权而支出的合理费用外，如果确无实际损失和其他损害，一般不根据被控侵权人的获利确定赔偿；注册人或者受让人并无实际使用意图，仅将注册商标作为索赔工具的，可以不予赔偿；注册商标已构成商标法规定的连续三年停止使用情形的，可以不支持其损害赔偿请求。
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