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Order of the People's Bank of China
(No. 2, 1996)
In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks, the People's Bank of China has adopted the General Rules for Loans, which are hereby issued and shall come into force on August 1, 1996.
Dai Xianglong, Governor of the People's Bank of China
June 28, 1996
General Rules for Loans
| | 中国人民银行令
（１９９６年２号）
根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》的有关规定，中国人民银行制定了《贷款通则》，现予以发布，从１９９６年８月１日起施行。
中国人民银行行长：戴相龙
一九九六年六月二十八日
贷款通则
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Table of Contents
| | 目录
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Chapter I General Provisions
| | 第一章 总则
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Chapter II Types of Loans
| | 第二章 贷款种类
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Chapter III Loan Term and Interest Rate
| | 第三章 贷款期限和利率
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Chapter IV Borrowers
| | 第四章 借款人
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Chapter V Lenders
| | 第五章 贷款人
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Chapter VI Loan Procedures
| | 第六章 贷款程序
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Chapter VII Management of Non-performing Loans
| | 第七章 不良贷款监管
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Chapter VIII Accountability System for Loan Management
| | 第八章 贷款管理责任制
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Chapter IX Management of Claim Preservation and Repayment of Loans
| | 第九章 贷款债权保全和清偿的管理
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Chapter X Special Provisions on Loan Management
| | 第十章 贷款管理特别规定
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Chapter XI Penalty Provisions
| | 第十一章 罚则
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Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
| | 第十二章 附则
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Chapter I General Provisions
| | 第一章 总则
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Article 1 To regulate loan practices, safeguard the lawful rights and interests of lenders and borrowers, ensure the security of credit assets, enhance the overall benefits from loan utilization, and promote the sustainable development of the socialist economy, these General Rules are formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks and other relevant legal provisions.
| | 第一条 为了规范贷款行为，维护借贷双方的合法权益，保证信贷资产的安全，提高贷款使用的整体效益，促进社会经济的持续发展，根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》等有关法律规定，制定本通则。
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Article 2 In these General Rules, “lender” means a Chinese-funded financial institution legally established within the territory of China that is engaged in loan business.
In these General Rules, “borrower” means a legal person, any other economic organization, an individual industrial and commercial household, or a natural person that has obtained a loan from a Chinese-funded financial institution engaged in loan business.
In these General Rules, “loan” means the monetary funds provided by a lender to a borrower and serviced according to the agreed interest rate and maturity.
In these General Rules, “loan currency” includes Renminbi (RMB) and foreign currencies.
| | 第二条 本通则所称贷款人，系指在中国境内依法设立的经营贷款业务的中资金融机构。
本通则所称借款人，系指从经营贷款业务的中资金融机构取得贷款的法人、其他经济组织、个体工商户和自然人。
本通则中所称贷款系指贷款人对借款人提供的并按约定的利率和期限还本付息的货币资金。
本通则中的贷款币种包括人民币和外币。
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Article 3 Loans shall be provided and utilized in accordance with laws and administrative regulations of the state and administrative rules issued by the People's Bank of China (“PBC”) under the principles of efficiency, safety and liquidity.
| | 第三条 贷款的发放和使用应当符合国家的法律、行政法规和中国人民银行发布的行政规章，应当遵循效益性、安全性和流动性的原则。
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Article 4 Lending and borrowing activities between a lender and a borrower shall adhere to the principle of equality, free will, fairness, and good faith.
| | 第四条 借款人与贷款人的借贷活动应当遵循平等、自愿、公平和诚实信用的原则。
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Article 5 In conducting loan business, lenders shall follow the principles of fair competition and close cooperation and shall not commit unfair competition.
| | 第五条 贷款人开展贷款业务，应当遵循公平竞争、密切协作的原则，不得从事不正当竞争。
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Article 6 The PBC and its branch offices shall be the regulatory authorities for the implementation of these General Rules.
| | 第六条 中国人民银行及其分支机构是实施《贷款通则》的监管机关。
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Chapter II Types of Loans
| | 第二章 贷款种类
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Article 7 Self-operated loans, entrusted loans and special loans:
“Self-operated loans” means loans independently provided by lenders using funds legally raised, with loan risks to be assumed by lenders and principal and interest to be recovered by lenders.
“Entrusted loans” means loans funded by clients, such as governmental departments, enterprises, public institutions, and individuals, provided and supervised by lenders (trustees) for clients according to the recipient, purpose, amount, term, interest rate, and other matters of loans as determined by clients, and recovered with the assistance of lenders. Lenders (trustees) shall only charge handling fees without assumption of loan risks.
“Special loans” means loans approved by the State Council and provided by wholly state-owned commercial banks as ordered by the State Council after appropriate remedial measures are taken for losses possibly caused by the loans.
| | 第七条 自营贷款、委托贷款和特定贷款：
自营贷款，系指贷款人以合法方式筹集的资金自主发放的贷款，其风险由贷款人承担，并由贷款人收回本金和利息。
委托贷款，系指由政府部门、企事业单位及个人等委托人提供资金，由贷款人（即受托人）根据委托人确定的贷款对象、用途、金额期限、利率等代为发放、监督使用并协助收回的贷款。贷款人（受托人）只收取手续费，不承担贷款风险。
特定贷款，系指国务院批准并对贷款可能造成的损失采取相应补救措施后责成国有独资商业银行发放的贷款。
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Article 8 Short-term loans, medium-term loans and long-term loans:
“Short-term loan” means a loan with a term of not more than one year.
“Medium-term loan” means a loan with a term of more than one year but not more than five years.
“Long-term loan” means a loan with a term of more than five years.
| | 第八条 短期贷款、中期贷款和长期贷款：
短期贷款，系指贷款期限在１年以内（含１年）的贷款。
中期贷款，系指贷款期限在１年以上（不含１年）５年以下（含５年）的贷款。
长期贷款，系指贷款期限在５年（不含５年）以上的贷款。
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Article 9 Credit loans, secured loans and note discounting:
“Credit loan” means a loan provided on the basis of the credit standing of a borrower.
“Secured loan” means a surety loan, a mortgage loan, or a pledge loan.
“Surety loan” means a loan provided in the manner of surety as set out in the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China, for which a third party undertakes to assume the general surety liability or joint and several liability as agreed on when the borrower fails to repay the loan.
“Mortgage loan” means a loan provided in the manner of mortgage as set out in the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China, for which any property of the borrower or a third party is mortgaged.
“Pledge loan” means a loan provided in the manner of pledge as set out in the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China, for which any chattel or right of the borrower or a third party is pledged.
“Note discounting” means a loan provided by a lender in the manner of purchasing undue commercial notes from a borrower.
| | 第九条 信用贷款、担保贷款和票据贴现：
信用贷款，系指以借款人的信誉发放的贷款。
担保贷款，系指保证贷款、抵押贷款、质押贷款。
保证贷款，系指按《中华人民共和国担保法》规定的保证方式以第三人承诺在借款人不能偿还贷款时，按约定承担一般保证责任或者连带责任而发放的贷款。
抵押贷款，系指按《中华人民共和国担保法》规定的抵押方式以借款人或第三人的财产作为抵押物发放的贷款。
质押贷款，系指按《中华人民共和国担保法》规定的质押方式以借款人或第三人的动产或权利作为质物发放的贷款。
票据贴现，系指贷款人以购买借款人未到期商业票据的方式发放的贷款。
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Article 10 Except for an entrusted loan, a borrower shall provide security for a loan from a lender. The lender shall strictly examine the repayment ability of a surety, the rights to and value of the mortgaged or pledged property, and the feasibility of realizing the mortgage or pledge.
Where a lender is convinced upon examination and evaluation that a borrower has a good credit standing and is definitely able to repay a loan, providing security for the loan may be waived.
| | 第十条 除委托贷款以外，贷款人发放贷款，借款人应当提供担保。贷款人应当对保证人的偿还能力，抵押物、质物的权属和价值以及实现抵押权、质权的可行性进行严格审查。
经贷款审查、评估，确认借款人资信良好，确能偿还贷款的，可以不提供担保。
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Chapter III Loan Term and Interest Rate
| | 第三章 贷款期限和利率
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Article 11 Loan term:
The term of a loan shall be determined by a lender and a borrower after consultations on the basis of the production or other business operation cycle and repayment ability of the borrower and the lender's ability to provide funds and be expressly stated in the loan contract.
In general, the term of a self-operated loan shall not exceed 10 years; otherwise, a report must be filed with the PBC.
The term of note discounting shall not exceed six months, starting from the date of discount and ending on the date of maturity of the note.
| | 第十一条 贷款期限：
贷款限期根据借款人的生产经营周期、还款能力和贷款人的资金供给能力由借贷双方共同商议后确定，并在借款合同中载明。
自营贷款期限最长一般不得超过１０年，超过１０年应当报中国人民银行备案。
票据贴现的贴现期限最长不得超过６个月，贴现期限为从贴现之日起到票据到期日止。
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Article 12 Extension of the term of a loan:
Where a borrower is unable to repay a loan as scheduled, the borrower shall apply for extension of the term of the loan to the lender before maturity, and extension shall be granted at the direction of the lender; where a borrower applies for extension of the term of a surety loan, a mortgage loan or a pledge loan, a written certificate of consent shall be issued by the surety, mortgagor or pledgor, except as otherwise agreed on.
The extension of a short-term loan shall not cumulatively exceed the original term of the loan; the extension of a medium-term loan shall not cumulatively exceed half of the original term of the loan; and the extension of a long-term loan shall not cumulatively exceed three years, except as otherwise provided for by the state. Where a borrower fails to apply for extension or its application for extension is rejected, the loan shall be transferred into an overdue loan account from the day immediately following the date of maturity of the loan.
| | 第十二条 贷款展期：
不能按期归还贷款的，借款人应当在贷款到期日之前，向贷款人申请贷款展期。是否展期由贷款人决定。申请保证贷款、抵押贷款、质押贷款展期的，还应当由保证人、抵押人、出质人出具同意的书面证明。已有约定的，按照约定执行。
短期贷款展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限；中期贷款展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限的一半；长期贷款展期期限累计不得超过３年。国家另有规定者除外。借款人未申请展期或申请展期未得到批准，其贷款从到期日次日起，转入逾期贷款帐户。
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Article 13 Determination of the interest rate for a loan:
A lender shall determine the interest rate for each loan according to the upper and lower limits of interest rate prescribed by the PBC and expressly state it in the loan contract.
| | 第十三条 贷款利率的确定：
贷款人应当按照中国人民银行规定的贷款利率上下限，确定每笔贷款利率，并在借款合同中载明。
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Article 14 Calculation and collection of interest on a loan:
A lender shall calculate and collect and a borrower shall pay interest as scheduled pursuant to the loan contract and relevant provisions on interest accrual of the PBC.
Where the sum of extension and the original term of a loan reaches a new term level for interest rate, the interest on the loan shall be calculated and collected at the interest rate for the new term level from the date of extension.
Penalty interest on overdue loans shall be calculated and collected according to relevant legal provisions.
| | 第十四条 贷款利息的计收：
贷款人和借款人应当按借款合同和中国人民银行有关计息规定按期计收或交付利息。
贷款的展期期限加上原期限达到新的利率期限档次时，从展期之日起，贷款利息按新的期限档次利率计收。
逾期贷款按规定计收罚息。
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Article 15 Interest discount for loans:
To promote the development of certain industries and regional economies, relevant departments may grant interest discounts for loans pursuant to state policies.
Handling banks shall independently provide upon examination loans with interest discounts granted by relevant departments and exercise strict management according to the relevant provisions of these General Rules.
| | 第十五条 贷款的贴息：
根据国家政策，为了促进某些产业和地区经济的发展，有关部门可以对贷款补贴利息。
对有关部门贴息的贷款，承办银行应当自主审查发放，并根据本通则有关规定严格管理。
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Article 16 Interest cessation, reduction, deferral and exemption for loans:
Except as decided by the State Council, no entity or individual may decide interest cessation, reduction, deferral or exemption. Lenders shall, as decided by the State Council, handle interest cessation, reduction, deferral or exemption within their respective powers and responsibilities.
| | 第十六条 贷款停息、减息、缓息和免息；
除国务院决定外，任何单位和个人无权决定停息、减息、缓息和免息。贷款人应当依据国务院决定，按照职责权限范围具体办理停息、减息、缓息和免息。
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Chapter IV Borrowers
| | 第四章 借款人
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Article 17 A borrower shall be an enterprise or public institution as a legal person, any other economic organization or an individual industrial and commercial household approved and registered by the administrative authority for industry and commerce (or the competent authority) or a natural person of the nationality of the People's Republic of China with full civil capacity.
In addition to such basic conditions as marketability of products, profitability of production and other business operations, absence of misappropriation of loan funds, and adherence to good faith, a borrower applying for a loan shall meet the following requirements:
| | 第十七条 借款人应当是经工商行政管理机关（或主管机关）核准登记的企（事）业法人、其他经济组织、个体工商户或具有中华人民共和国国籍的具有完全民事行为能力的自然人。
借款人申请贷款，应当具备产品有市场、生产经营有效益、不挤占挪用贷款资金、恪守信用等基本条件，并且应当符合以下要求：
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1. Have the ability to service the loan as scheduled; and have paid all interest payable on previous loans and repaid all due loans; otherwise, have prepared a repayment plan approved by the lender.
| | 一、有按期还本付息的能力，原应付贷款利息和到期贷款已清偿；没有清偿的，已经做了贷款人认可的偿还计划。
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2. Have undergone annual inspection formalities at the administrative authority for industry and commerce, except for natural persons and public institutions as legal persons that need not be approved and registered by the administrative authorities for industry and commerce.
| | 二、除自然人和不需要经工商部门核准登记的事业法人外，应当经过工商部门办理年检手续。
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3. Have opened a basic account or an ordinary deposit account.
| | 三、已开立基本帐户或一般存款帐户。
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4. Have a cumulative amount of external equity investments that does not exceed 50% of its total net assets, if it is a limited liability company or a joint-stock limited company, except as otherwise provided for by the State Council.
| | 四、除国务院规定外，有限责任公司和股份有限公司对外股本权益性投资累计额未超过其净资产总额的５０％。
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5. Have a liability-asset ratio to the satisfaction of the lender.
| | 五、借款人的资产负债率符合贷款人的要求。
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6. Have a ratio between the ownership interest in the legal-person enterprise under a new project and the total investment required for the project that is not lower than the capital ratio specified by the state for an investment project, if a medium- or long-term loan is applied for.
| | 六、申请中期、长期贷款的，新建项目的企业法人所有者权益与项目所需总投资的比例不低于国家规定的投资项目的资本金比例。
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Article 18 Rights of a borrower:
| | 第十八条 借款人的权利：
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1. Have the right to apply independently to the handling department of the lead bank or any other bank for loans and obtain loans according to the relevant conditions;
| | 一、可以自主向主办银行或者其他银行的经办机构申请贷款并依条件取得贷款；
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2. Have the right to draw and use all funds of a loan as agreed on in the contract;
| | 二、有权按合同约定提取和使用全部贷款；
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3. Have the right to reject any additional conditions not included in the loan contract;
| | 三、有权拒绝借款合同以外的附加条件；
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4. Have the right to communicate or report relevant issues to the superiors of lenders and the PBC; and
| | 四、有权向贷款人的上级和中国人民银行反映、举报有关情况；
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5. Have the right to assign debts to third parties with the consent of lenders.
| | 五、在征得贷款人同意后，有权向第三人转让债务。
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Article 19 Obligations of a borrower:
| | 第十九条 借款人的义务：
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1. Truthfully provide materials required by lenders (except for materials unavailable pursuant to legal provisions), truthfully provide lenders with information on all banks where it maintains an account, account numbers, and deposit and loan balances, and cooperate with lenders in investigation, examination and inspection;
| | 一、应当如实提供贷款人要求的资料（法律规定不能提供者除外），应当向贷款人如实提供所有开户行、帐号及存贷款余额情况，配合贷款人的调查、审查和检查；
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2. Accept lenders' supervision over its use of credit funds and relevant business, such as production, and financial activities;
| | 二、应当接受贷款人对其使用信贷资金情况和有关生产经营、财务活动的监督；
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3. Use a loan for the purposes as agreed on in the loan contract;
| | 三、应当按借款合同约定用途使用贷款；
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4. Service a loan in a timely manner as agreed on in the loan contract;
| | 四、应当按借款合同约定及时清偿贷款本息；
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5. Obtain the consent of lenders to assign all or part of a debt to a third parity; and
| | 五、将债务全部或部分转让给第三人的，应当取得贷款人的同意；
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6. Inform lenders in a timely manner of any circumstances threatening the safety of rights of lenders and concurrently adopt preservative measures.
| | 六、有危及贷款人债权安全情况时，应当及时通知贷款人，同时采取保全措施。
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Article 20 Restrictions on a borrower:
| | 第二十条 对借款人的限制：
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1. A borrower shall not obtain loans from two or more branch offices of a lender which are at the same level and within the same jurisdiction.
| | 一、不得在一个贷款人同一辖区内的两个或两个以上同级分支机构取得贷款。
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2. A borrower shall not provide a lender with balance sheets, income statements, and other documents that are false or conceal material facts.
| | 二、不得向贷款人提供虚假的或者隐瞒重要事实的资产负债表、损益表等。
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3. A borrower shall not use a loan for equity investment purposes, except as otherwise provided for by the state.
| | 三、不得用贷款从事股本权益性投资，国家另有规定的除外。
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4. A borrower shall not use a loan for speculation in negotiable securities, futures, and other areas.
| | 四、不得用贷款在有价证券、期货等方面从事投机经营。
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5. A borrower shall not use a loan for operating the real estate business, unless it has been legally qualified for operating the real estate business; and a borrower legally qualified for operating the real estate business shall not use a loan for real estate speculation.
| | 五、除依法取得经营房地产资格的借款人以外，不得用贷款经营房地产业务；依法取得经营房地产资格的借款人，不得用贷款从事房地产投机。
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6. A borrower shall not obtain a loan for the purpose of seeking illegal gains through on-lending.
| | 六、不得套取贷款用于借贷牟取非法收入。
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7. A borrower shall not use a loan in foreign currency in violation of the provisions of the state on foreign exchange administration.
| | 七、不得违反国家外汇管理规定使用外币贷款。
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8. A borrower shall not obtain a loan by fraudulent means.
| | 八、不得采取欺诈手段骗取贷款。
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Chapter V Lenders
| | 第五章 贷款人
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Article 21 Lenders must conduct the loan business with the approval of the PBC, hold a Legal-Person Financial Institution License or a Financial Institution Business License issued by the PBC, and have been approved and registered by the administrative authorities for industry and commerce.
| | 第二十一条 贷款人必须经中国人民银行批准经营贷款业务，持有中国人民银行颁发的《金融机构法人许可证》或《金融机构营业许可证》，并经工商行政管理部门核准登记。
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Article 22 Rights of a lender:
．．．．．． | | 第二十二条 贷款人的权利：
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