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The Diversified Employment of China's Armed Forces
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中国武装力量的多样化运用
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【法宝引证码】
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The Diversified Employment of China's Armed Forces
(April 2013, Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China)
| | 中国武装力量的多样化运用
（2013年4月 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室）
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Contents
| | 目录
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Preface
| | 前言
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I. New Situation, New Challenges and New Missions
| | 一、新形势、新挑战、新使命
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II. Building and Development of China's Armed Forces
| | 二、武装力量建设与发展
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III. Defending National Sovereignty, Security and Territorial Integrity
| | 三、捍卫国家主权、安全、领土完整
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IV. Supporting National Economic and Social Development
| | 四、保障国家经济社会发展
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V. Safeguarding World Peace and Regional Stability
| | 五、维护世界和平和地区稳定
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Concluding Remarks
Appendices
| | 结束语
附 录
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Preface
In today's world, peace and development are facing new opportunities and challenges. It is a historic mission entrusted by the era to people of all nations to firmly grasp the opportunities, jointly meet the challenges, cooperatively maintain security and collectively achieve development.
It is China's unshakable national commitment and strategic choice to take the road of peaceful development. China unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. China opposes any form of hegemonism or power politics, and does not interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. China will never seek hegemony or behave in a hegemonic manner, nor will it engage in military expansion. China advocates a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and pursues comprehensive security, common security and cooperative security.
It is a strategic task of China's modernization drive as well as a strong guarantee for China's peaceful development to build a strong national defense and powerful armed forces which are commensurate with China's international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests. China's armed forces act to meet the new requirements of China's national development and security strategies, follow the theoretical guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development, speed up the transformation of the generating mode of combat effectiveness, build a system of modern military forces with Chinese characteristics, enhance military strategic guidance and diversify the ways of employing armed forces as the times require. China's armed forces provide a security guarantee and strategic support for national development, and make due contributions to the maintenance of world peace and regional stability.
| | 前言
当今时代，和平与发展面临新的机遇和挑战。紧紧把握机遇，共同应对挑战，合作维护安全，携手实现发展，是时代赋予各国人民的历史使命。
走和平发展道路，是中国坚定不移的国家意志和战略抉择。中国始终不渝奉行独立自主的和平外交政策和防御性国防政策，反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治，不干涉别国内政，永远不争霸，永远不称霸，永远不搞军事扩张。中国倡导互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，寻求实现综合安全、共同安全、合作安全。
建设与中国国际地位相称、与国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队，是中国现代化建设的战略任务，也是中国实现和平发展的坚强保障。中国武装力量适应国家发展战略和安全战略的新要求，坚持科学发展观的指导思想地位，加快转变战斗力生成模式，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系，与时俱进加强军事战略指导，拓展武装力量运用方式，为国家发展提供安全保障和战略支撑，为维护世界和平和地区稳定作出应有贡献。
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I. New Situation, New Challenges and New Missions
Since the beginning of the new century, profound and complex changes have taken place in the world, but peace and development remain the underlying trends of our times. The global trends toward economic globalization and multi-polarity are intensifying, cultural diversity is increasing, and an information society is fast emerging. The balance of international forces is shifting in favor of maintaining world peace, and on the whole the international situation remains peaceful and stable. Meanwhile, however, the world is still far from being tranquil. There are signs of increasing hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism. Local turmoils occur frequently. Hot-spot issues keep cropping up. Traditional and non-traditional security challenges interweave and interact. Competition is intensifying in the international military field. International security issues are growing noticeably more abrupt, interrelated and comprehensive. The Asia-Pacific region has become an increasingly significant stage for world economic development and strategic interaction between major powers. The US is adjusting its Asia-Pacific security strategy, and the regional landscape is undergoing profound changes.
China has seized and made the most of this important period of strategic opportunities for its development, and its modernization achievements have captured world attention. China's overall national strength has grown dramatically and the Chinese people's lives have been remarkably improved. China enjoys general social stability and cross-Straits relations are sustaining a momentum of peaceful development. China's international competitiveness and influence are steadily increasing. However, China still faces multiple and complicated security threats and challenges. The issues of subsistence and development security and the traditional and non-traditional threats to security are interwoven. Therefore, China has an arduous task to safeguard its national unification, territorial integrity and development interests. Some country has strengthened its Asia-Pacific military alliances, expanded its military presence in the region, and frequently makes the situation there tenser. On the issues concerning China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, some neighboring countries are taking actions that complicate or exacerbate the situation, and Japan is making trouble over the issue of the Diaoyu Islands. The threats posed by "three forces," namely, terrorism, separatism and extremism, are on the rise. The "Taiwan independence" separatist forces and their activities are still the biggest threat to the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. Serious natural disasters, security accidents and public health incidents keep occurring. Factors affecting social harmony and stability are growing in number, and the security risks to China's overseas interests are on the increase. Changes in the form of war from mechanization to informationization are accelerating. Major powers are vigorously developing new and more sophisticated military technologies so as to ensure that they can maintain strategic superiorities in international competition in such areas as outer space and cyber space.
Facing a complex and volatile security situation, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) resolutely carries out its historical missions for the new stage in the new century. China's armed forces broaden their visions of national security strategy and military strategy, aim at winning local wars under the conditions of informationization, make active planning for the use of armed forces in peacetime, deal effectively with various security threats and accomplish diversified military tasks.
The diversified employment of China's armed forces adheres to fundamental policies and principles as follows:
Safeguarding national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and supporting the country's peaceful development. This is the goal of China's efforts in strengthening its national defense and the sacred mission of its armed forces, as stipulated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws. China's armed forces unswervingly implement the military strategy of active defense, guard against and resist aggression, contain separatist forces, safeguard border, coastal and territorial air security, and protect national maritime rights and interests and national security interests in outer space and cyber space. "We will not attack unless we are attacked; but we will surely counterattack if attacked." Following this principle, China will resolutely take all necessary measures to safeguard its national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Aiming to win local wars under the conditions of informationization and expanding and intensifying military preparedness. China's armed forces firmly base their military preparedness on winning local wars under the conditions of informationization, make overall and coordinated plans to promote military preparedness in all strategic directions, intensify the joint employment of different services and arms, and enhance warfighting capabilities based on information systems. They constantly bring forward new ideas for the strategies and tactics of people's war, advance integrated civilian-military development, and enhance the quality of national defense mobilization and reserve force building. They raise in an all-round way the level of routine combat readiness, intensify scenario-oriented exercises and drills, conduct well-organized border, coastal and territorial air patrols and duties for combat readiness, and handle appropriately various crises and major emergencies.
Formulating the concept of comprehensive security and effectively conducting military operations other than war (MOOTW). China's armed forces adapt themselves to the new changes of security threats, and emphasize the employment of armed forces in peacetime. They actively participate in and assist China's economic and social development, and resolutely accomplish urgent, difficult, hazardous, and arduous tasks involving emergency rescue and disaster relief. As stipulated by law, they perform their duties of maintaining national security and stability, steadfastly subduing subversive and sabotage attempts by hostile forces, cracking down on violent and terrorist activities, and accomplishing security-provision and guarding tasks. In addition, they strengthen overseas operational capabilities such as emergency response and rescue, merchant vessel protection at sea and evacuation of Chinese nationals, and provide reliable security support for China's interests overseas.
Deepening security cooperation and fulfilling international obligations. China's armed forces are the initiator and facilitator of, and participant in international security cooperation. They uphold the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, conduct all-round military exchanges with other countries, and develop cooperative military relations that are non-aligned, non-confrontational and not directed against any third party. They promote the establishment of just and effective collective security mechanisms and military confidence-building mechanisms. Bearing in mind the concept of openness, pragmatism and cooperation, China's armed forces increase their interactions and cooperation with other armed forces, and intensify cooperation on confidence-building measures (CBMs) in border areas. China's armed forces work to promote dialogue and cooperation on maritime security; participate in UN peacekeeping missions, international counter-terrorism cooperation, international merchant shipping protection and disaster relief operations; conduct joint exercises and training with foreign counterparts; conscientiously assume their due international responsibilities; and play an active role in maintaining world peace, security and stability.
Acting in accordance with laws, policies and disciplines. China's armed forces observe the country's Constitution and other relevant laws, comply with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and maintain their commitment to employing troops and taking actions according to law. They strictly abide by laws, regulations and policies, as well as discipline regarding civil-military relations. According to law, they accomplish such tasks as emergency rescue, disaster relief, stability maintenance, contingency response and security provision. On the basis of the UN Charter and other universally recognized norms of international relations, they consistently operate within the legal framework formed by bilateral or multi-lateral treaties and agreements, so as to ensure the legitimacy of their operations involving foreign countries or militaries. The diversified employment of China's armed forces is legally guaranteed by formulating and revising relevant laws, regulations and policies, and the armed forces are administered strictly by rules and regulations.
| | 一、新形势、新挑战、新使命
新世纪以来，世界发生深刻复杂变化，和平与发展仍然是时代主题。经济全球化、世界多极化深入发展，文化多样化、社会信息化持续推进，国际力量对比朝着有利于维护世界和平方向发展，国际形势保持总体和平稳定的基本态势。与此同时，世界仍然很不安宁，霸权主义、强权政治和新干涉主义有所上升，局部动荡频繁发生，热点问题此起彼伏，传统与非传统安全挑战交织互动，国际军事领域竞争更趋激烈，国际安全问题的突发性、关联性、综合性明显上升。亚太地区日益成为世界经济发展和大国战略博弈的重要舞台，美国调整亚太安全战略，地区格局深刻调整。
中国紧紧抓住和用好发展的重要战略机遇期，现代化建设成就举世瞩目，综合国力大幅跃升，人民生活显著改善，社会大局保持稳定，两岸关系继续呈现和平发展势头，国际竞争力和影响力不断提高。但是，中国仍面临多元复杂的安全威胁和挑战，生存安全问题和发展安全问题、传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，维护国家统一、维护领土完整、维护发展利益的任务艰巨繁重。有的国家深化亚太军事同盟，扩大军事存在，频繁制造地区紧张局势。个别邻国在涉及中国领土主权和海洋权益上采取使问题复杂化、扩大化的举动，日本在钓鱼岛问题上制造事端。恐怖主义、分裂主义、极端主义“三股势力”威胁上升。“台独”分裂势力及其分裂活动仍然是两岸关系和平发展的最大威胁。重大自然灾害、安全事故和公共卫生事件频发，影响社会和谐稳定的因素增加，国家海外利益安全风险上升。机械化战争形态向信息化战争形态加速演变，主要国家大力发展军事高新技术，抢占太空、网络空间等国际竞争战略制高点。
面对复杂多变的安全环境，人民解放军坚决履行新世纪新阶段历史使命，拓展国家安全战略和军事战略视野，立足打赢信息化条件下局部战争，积极运筹和平时期武装力量运用，有效应对多种安全威胁，完成多样化军事任务。
中国武装力量的多样化运用，坚持以下基本政策和原则：
--维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，保障国家和平发展。这是中国加强国防建设的目的，也是宪法和法律赋予中国武装力量的神圣职责。坚定不移实行积极防御军事战略，防备和抵抗侵略，遏制分裂势力，保卫边防、海防、空防安全，维护国家海洋权益和在太空、网络空间的安全利益。坚持“人不犯我，我不犯人，人若犯我，我必犯人”，坚决采取一切必要措施维护国家主权和领土完整。
--立足打赢信息化条件下局部战争，拓展和深化军事斗争准备。坚定不移把军事斗争准备基点放在打赢信息化条件下局部战争上，统筹推进各战略方向军事斗争准备，加强军兵种力量联合运用，提高基于信息系统的体系作战能力。创新发展人民战争战略战术，推进军民融合式发展，提高国防动员和后备力量建设质量。全面提高日常战备水平，加强针对性战备演习演练，周密组织边海空防战备巡逻和执勤，妥善应对各种危机和重大突发事件。
--树立综合安全观念，有效遂行非战争军事行动任务。适应安全威胁新变化，重视和平时期武装力量运用。积极参加和支援国家经济社会建设，坚决完成抢险救灾等急难险重任务。依照法律规定履行维护国家安全和稳定职能，坚决打击敌对势力颠覆破坏活动，打击各种暴力恐怖活动，遂行安保警戒任务。加强应急救援、海上护航、撤离海外公民等海外行动能力建设，为维护国家海外利益提供可靠的安全保障。
--深化安全合作，履行国际义务。中国武装力量是国际安全合作的倡导者、推动者和参与者。坚持和平共处五项原则，全方位开展对外军事交往，发展不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方的军事合作关系，推动建立公平有效的集体安全机制和军事互信机制。坚持开放、务实、合作的理念，深化同各国军队的交流与合作，加强边境地区建立信任措施合作，推进海上安全对话与合作，参加联合国维和行动、国际反恐合作、国际护航和救灾行动，举行中外联演联训。认真履行应尽的国际责任和义务，为维护世界和平、安全、稳定发挥积极作用。
--严格依法行动，严守政策纪律。中国武装力量遵守宪法和法律，遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，坚持依法用兵、依法行动。严格执行法律法规和政策规定，严守群众纪律，依法完成抢险救灾、维稳处突和安保警戒等任务。以《联合国宪章》和公认的国际关系准则为依据，坚持在双边多边条约的法律构架内行动，确保涉外军事行动的合法性。制定和完善法律法规和政策制度，严格按照条令条例管理部队，为武装力量多样化运用提供法律保障。
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II. Building and Development of China's Armed Forces
China's armed forces are composed of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police Force (PAPF) and the militia. They play a significant role in China's overall strategies of security and development, and shoulder the glorious mission and sacred duty of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests.
Over the years, the PLA has been proactively and steadily pushing forward its reforms in line with the requirements of performing its missions and tasks, and building an informationized military. The PLA has intensified the strategic administration of the Central Military Commission (CMC). It established the PLA Department of Strategic Planning, reorganized the GSH (Headquarters of the General Staff) Communications Department as the GSH Informationization Department, and the GSH Training and Arms Department as the GSH Training Department. The PLA is engaged in the building of new types of combat forces. It optimizes the size and structure of the various services and arms, reforms the organization of the troops so as to make operational forces lean, joint, multi-functional and efficient. The PLA works to improve the training mechanism for military personnel of a new type, adjust policies and rules regarding military human resources and logistics, and strengthen the development of new- and high-technology weaponry and equipment to build a modern military force structure with Chinese characteristics.
The PLA Army (PLAA) is composed of mobile operational units, border and coastal defense units, guard and garrison units, and is primarily responsible for military operations on land. In line with the strategic requirements of mobile operations and multi-dimensional offense and defense, the PLAA has been reoriented from theater defense to trans-theater mobility. It is accelerating the development of army aviation troops, light mechanized units and special operations forces, and enhancing building of digitalized units, gradually making its units small, modular and multi-functional in organization so as to enhance their capabilities for air-ground integrated operations, long-distance maneuvers, rapid assaults and special operations. The PLAA mobile operational units include 18 combined corps, plus additional independent combined operational divisions (brigades), and have a total strength of 850,000. The combined corps, composed of divisions and brigades, are respectively under the seven military area commands (MACs): Shenyang (16th, 39th and 40th Combined Corps), Beijing (27th, 38th and 65th Combined Corps), Lanzhou (21st and 47th Combined Corps), Jinan (20th, 26th and 54th Combined Corps), Nanjing (1st, 12th and 31st Combined Corps), Guangzhou (41st and 42nd Combined Corps) and Chengdu (13th and 14th Combined Corps).
The PLA Navy (PLAN) is China's mainstay for operations at sea, and is responsible for safeguarding its maritime security and maintaining its sovereignty over its territorial seas along with its maritime rights and interests. The PLAN is composed of the submarine, surface vessel, naval aviation, marine corps and coastal defense arms. In line with the requirements of its offshore defense strategy, the PLAN endeavors to accelerate the modernization of its forces for comprehensive offshore operations, develop advanced submarines, destroyers and frigates, and improve integrated electronic and information systems. Furthermore, it develops blue-water capabilities of conducting mobile operations, carrying out international cooperation, and countering non-traditional security threats, and enhances its capabilities of strategic deterrence and counterattack. Currently, the PLAN has a total strength of 235,000 officers and men, and commands three fleets, namely, the Beihai Fleet, the Donghai Fleet and the Nanhai Fleet. Each fleet has fleet aviation headquarters, support bases, flotillas and maritime garrison commands, as well as aviation divisions and marine brigades. In September 2012, China's first aircraft carrier Liaoning was commissioned into the PLAN. China's development of an aircraft carrier has a profound impact on building a strong PLAN and safeguarding maritime security.
The PLA Air Force (PLAAF) is China's mainstay for air operations, responsible for its territorial air security and maintaining a stable air defense posture nationwide. It is primarily composed of aviation, ground air defense, radar, airborne and electronic countermeasures (ECM) arms. In line with the strategic requirements of conducting both offensive and defensive operations, the PLAAF is strengthening the development of a combat force structure that focuses on reconnaissance and early warning, air strike, air and missile defense, and strategic projection. It is developing such advanced weaponry and equipment as new-generation fighters and new-type ground-to-air missiles and radar systems, improving its early warning, command and communications networks, and raising its strategic early warning, strategic deterrence and long-distance air strike capabilities. The PLAAF now has a total strength of 398,000 officers and men, and an air command in each of the seven Military Area Commands (MACs) of Shenyang, Beijing, Lanzhou, Jinan, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Chengdu. In addition, it commands one airborne corps. Under each air command are bases, aviation divisions (brigades), ground-to-air missile divisions (brigades), radar brigades and other units.
The PLA Second Artillery Force (PLASAF) is a core force for China's strategic deterrence. It is mainly composed of nuclear and conventional missile forces and operational support units, primarily responsible for deterring other countries from using nuclear weapons against China, and carrying out nuclear counterattacks and precision strikes with conventional missiles. Following the principle of building a lean and effective force, the PLASAF is striving to push forward its informationization transform, relying on scientific and technological progress to boost independent innovations in weaponry and equipment, modernizing current equipment selectively by applying mature technology, enhancing the safety, reliability and effectiveness of its missiles, improving its force structure of having both nuclear and conventional missiles, strengthening its rapid reaction, effective penetration, precision strike, damage infliction, protection and survivability capabilities. The PLASAF capabilities of strategic deterrence, nuclear counterattack and conventional precision strike are being steadily elevated. The PLASAF has under its command missile bases, training bases, specialized support units, academies and research institutions. It has a series of "Dong Feng" ballistic missiles and "Chang Jian" cruise missiles.
In peacetime, the PAPF's main tasks include performing guard duties, dealing with emergencies, combating terrorism and participating in and supporting national economic development. In wartime, it is tasked with assisting the PLA in defensive operations. Based on the national information infrastructure, the PAPF has built a three-level comprehensive information network from PAPF general headquarters down to squadrons. It develops task-oriented weaponry and equipment and conducts scenario-based training so as to improve its guard-duty, emergency-response and counter-terrorism capabilities. The PAPF is composed of the internal security force and other specialized forces. The internal security force is composed of contingents at the level of province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government) and mobile divisions. Specialized PAPF forces include those guarding gold mines, forests, hydroelectric projects and transportation facilities. The border public security, firefighting and security guard forces are also components of the PAPF.
The militia is an armed organization composed of the people not released from their regular work. As an assistant and backup force of the PLA, the militia is tasked with participating in the socialist modernization drive, performing combat readiness support and defensive operations, helping maintain social order and participating in emergency rescue and disaster relief operations. The militia focuses on optimizing its size and structure, improving its weaponry and equipment, and pushing forward reforms in training so as to enhance its capabilities of supporting diversified military operations, of which the core is to win local wars in informationized conditions. The militia falls into two categories: primary and general. The primary militia has emergency response detachments; supporting detachments such as joint air defense, intelligence, reconnaissance, communications support, engineering rush-repair, transportation and equipment repair; and reserve units for combat, logistics and equipment support.
| | 二、武装力量建设与发展
中国武装力量由人民解放军、人民武装警察部队、民兵组成，在国家安全和发展战略全局中具有重要地位和作用，肩负着维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的光荣使命和神圣职责。
近年来，人民解放军按照履行使命任务和信息化建设发展要求，积极稳妥推进军队改革。强化军委总部战略管理功能，组建人民解放军战略规划部，将总参通信部改编为信息化部，将总参军训和兵种部改编为军训部；推进新型作战力量建设，调整优化各军兵种规模结构，改革部队编组模式，推动作战力量编成向精干、联合、多能、高效方向发展；完善新型军队人才培养体系，深化军事人力资源和后勤政策制度调整改革，加强高新技术武器装备建设，努力构建中国特色现代军事力量体系。
陆军主要担负陆地作战任务，包括机动作战部队、边海防部队、警卫警备部队等。按照机动作战、立体攻防的战略要求，陆军积极推进由区域防卫型向全域机动型转变，加快发展陆军航空兵、轻型机械化部队和特种作战部队，加强数字化部队建设，逐步实现部队编成的小型化、模块化、多能化，提高空地一体、远程机动、快速突击和特种作战能力。陆军机动作战部队包括18个集团军和部分独立合成作战师（旅），现有85万人。集团军由师、旅编成，分别隶属于7个军区。沈阳军区下辖第16、39、40集团军，北京军区下辖第27、38、65集团军，兰州军区下辖第21、47集团军，济南军区下辖第20、26、54集团军，南京军区下辖第1、12、31集团军，广州军区下辖第41、42集团军，成都军区下辖第13、14集团军。
海军是海上作战行动的主体力量，担负着保卫国家海上方向安全、领海主权和维护海洋权益的任务，主要由潜艇部队、水面舰艇部队、航空兵、陆战队、岸防部队等兵种组成。按照近海防御的战略要求，海军注重提高近海综合作战力量现代化水平，发展先进潜艇、驱逐舰、护卫舰等装备，完善综合电子信息系统装备体系，提高远海机动作战、远海合作与应对非传统安全威胁能力，增强战略威慑与反击能力。海军现有23．5万人，下辖北海、东海和南海3个舰队，舰队下辖舰队航空兵、基地、支队、水警区、航空兵师和陆战旅等部队。2012年9月，第一艘航空母舰“辽宁舰”交接入列。中国发展航空母舰，对于建设强大海军和维护海上安全具有深远意义。
空军是空中作战行动的主体力量，担负着保卫国家领空安全、保持全国空防稳定的任务，主要由航空兵、地面防空兵、雷达兵、空降兵、电子对抗等兵种组成。按照攻防兼备的战略要求，空军加强以侦察预警、空中进攻、防空反导、战略投送为重点的作战力量体系建设，发展新一代作战飞机、新型地空导弹和新型雷达等先进武器装备，完善预警、指挥和通信网络，提高战略预警、威慑和远程空中打击能力。空军现有39．8万人，下辖沈阳、北京、兰州、济南、南京、广州、成都7个军区空军和1个空降兵军。军区空军下辖基地、航空兵师（旅）、地空导弹师（旅）、雷达旅等。
第二炮兵是中国战略威慑的核心力量，主要担负遏制他国对中国使用核武器、遂行核反击和常规导弹精确打击任务，由核导弹部队、常规导弹部队、作战保障部队等组成。按照精干有效的原则，第二炮兵加快推进信息化转型，依靠科技进步推动武器装备自主创新，利用成熟技术有重点、有选择改进现有装备，提高导弹武器的安全性、可靠性、有效性，完善核常兼备的力量体系，增强快速反应、有效突防、精确打击、综合毁伤和生存防护能力，战略威慑与核反击、常规精确打击能力稳步提升。第二炮兵下辖导弹基地、训练基地、专业保障部队、院校和科研机构等，目前装备东风系列弹道导弹和长剑巡航导弹。
武警部队平时主要担负执勤、处置突发事件、反恐怖、参加和支援国家经济建设等任务，战时配合人民解放军进行防卫作战。武警部队依托国家信息基础设施，建立完善从总部至基层中队的三级综合信息网络系统，发展部队遂行任务急需的武器装备，开展针对性训练，提高执勤、处置突发事件、反恐怖能力。武警部队由内卫部队和警种部队组成，内卫部队包括省（自治区、直辖市）总队和机动师，警种部队包括黄金、森林、水电、交通部队，公安边防、消防、警卫部队列入武警序列。
民兵是不脱产的群众武装组织，是人民解放军的助手和后备力量。民兵担负参加社会主义现代化建设、执行战备勤务、参加防卫作战、协助维护社会秩序和参加抢险救灾等任务。民兵建设注重调整规模结构，改善武器装备，推进训练改革，提高以支援保障打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务能力。民兵组织分为基干民兵组织和普通民兵组织。基干民兵组织编有应急队伍，联合防空、情报侦察、通信保障、工程抢修、交通运输、装备维修等支援队伍，以及作战保障、后勤保障、装备保障等储备队伍。
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III. Defending National Sovereignty, Security and Territorial Integrity
The fundamental tasks of China's armed forces are consolidating national defense, resisting foreign aggression and defending the motherland. Responding to China's core security needs, the diversified employment of the armed forces aims to maintain peace, contain crises and win wars; safeguard border, coastal and territorial air security; strengthen combat-readiness and warfighting-oriented exercises and drills; readily respond to and resolutely deter any provocative action which undermines China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity; and firmly safeguard China's core national interests.
Safeguarding Border and Coastal Security
With a borderline of more than 22,000 km and a coastline of more than 18,000 km, China is one of the countries with the most neighbors and the longest land borders. Among all China's islands, more than 6,500 are larger than 500 square meters each. China's island coastline is over 14,000 km long. China's armed forces defend and exercise jurisdiction over China's land borders and sea areas, and the task of safeguarding border and coastal security is arduous and complicated.
．．．．．． | | 三、捍卫国家主权、安全、领土完整
中国武装力量的根本任务，是巩固国防、抵抗侵略、保卫祖国。中国武装力量的多样化运用，坚持以国家核心安全需求为导向，着眼维护和平、遏制危机和打赢战争，保卫边防、海防、空防安全，加强战备工作和实战化演习演练，随时应对和坚决制止一切危害国家主权、安全、领土完整的挑衅行为，坚决维护国家核心利益。
保卫边海防安全
中国有2．2万多公里陆地边界和1．8万多公里大陆海岸线，是世界上邻国最多、陆地边界最长的国家之一。中国有500平方米以上的岛屿6500多个，岛屿岸线1．4万多公里。中国武装力量对陆地边界和管辖海域实施防卫、管辖，维护边海防安全的任务复杂繁重。
陆军边海防部队驻守在边境、沿海地区及海上岛屿，担负着守卫国（边）界、沿海海岸和岛屿，抵御防范外敌入侵、蚕食、挑衅，以及协助打击恐怖破坏、跨境犯罪等防卫与管理任务。边海防部队坚持以战备执勤为中心，强化边境沿海地区重要方向和敏感地段、水道、海域防卫警戒，严密防范各类入侵、蚕食和越境渗透破坏活动，及时制止违反边海防政策法规和改变国界线现状的行为，适时开展军地联合管控、应急处突等行动，有效维护边境沿海地区的安全稳定。中国已与周边7个国家签订边防合作协议，与12个国家建立边防会谈会晤机制。人民解放军边防部队与俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古、越南等国边防部门开展联合巡逻执勤、联合管控演练等友好合作活动。与哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦等国每年组织相互视察活动，监督和核查边境地区信任措施落实情况。
海军加强海区的控制与管理，建立完善体系化巡逻机制，有效掌握周边海域情况，严密防范各类窜扰和渗透破坏活动，及时处置各种海空情况和突发事件。推进海上安全合作，维护海洋和平与稳定、海上航行自由与安全。在中美海上军事安全磋商机制框架下，定期开展海上信息交流，避免发生海上意外事件。根据中越签署的北部湾海域联合巡逻协议，两国海军从2006年起每年组织两次联合巡逻。
公安边防部队是国家部署在边境沿海地区和开放口岸的武装执法力量，担负保卫国家主权、维护边境沿海地区和海上安全稳定、口岸出入境秩序等重要职责，遂行边境维稳、打击犯罪、应急救援、边防安保等多样化任务。公安边防部队在边境一线划定边防管理区，在沿海地区划定海防工作区，在毗邻香港、澳门陆地边境和沿海一线地区20至50米纵深划定边防警戒区，在国家开放口岸设立边防检查站，在沿海地区部署海警部队。近年来，对边境地区和口岸实行常态化严查严管严控，防范打击“三股势力”、敌对分子的分裂破坏和暴力恐怖活动。集中整治海上越界捕捞活动，强化海上治安巡逻执法，严厉打击海上违法犯罪活动。2011年以来，共破获各类案件47445起，缴获各类毒品12357千克，缴获非法枪支125115支，查获偷渡人员5607人次。
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