Order of the President
(No.13)
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy, which was adopted at the 2nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on May 31, 1984, is hereby promulgated and shall enter into force from October 1, 1984.
President of the People's Republic of China, Li Xiannian
May 31, 1984
LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON REGIONAL NATIONAL AUTONOMY
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Sixth National People's Congress on May 31, 1984)
PREFACE
The People's Republic of China is a unitary multinational state created jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Regional national autonomy is the basic policy adopted by the Communist Party of China for the solution of the national question in China through its application of Marxism-Leninism; it is an important political system of the state.
Regional national autonomy means that the minority nationalities, under unified state leadership, practise regional autonomy in areas where they live in concentrated communities and set up organs of self-government for the exercise of the power of autonomy. Regional national autonomy embodies the state's full respect for and guarantee of the right of the minority nationalities to administer their internal affairs and its adherence to the principle of equality, unity and common prosperity for all its nationalities.
Regional national autonomy has played an enormous role in giving full play to the initiative of all nationalities as masters of the country, in developing among them a socialist relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance, in consolidating the unification of the country and in promoting socialist construction in the national autonomous areas and the rest of the country. The system of regional national autonomy will have a still greater role to play in the country's socialist modernization in the years to come.
It has been proven by practice that adherence to regional national autonomy requires that the national autonomous areas be given effective guarantees for implementing state laws and policies in the light of existing local conditions; that large numbers of cadres at various levels and specialized personnel and skilled workers of various professions and trades be trained from among the minority nationalities; that the national autonomous areas strive to promote local socialist construction in the spirit of self-reliance and hard work and contribute to the nation's construction as a whole; and that the state strive to help the national autonomous areas speed up their economic and cultural development in accordance with the plans for national economic and social development. In the effort to maintain the unity of the nationalities, both big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and local national chauvinism must be opposed.
Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, the people of various nationalities in the autonomous areas shall, together with the people of the whole country, adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and to the socialist road, concentrate their efforts on socialist modernization, speed up the economic and cultural development of the national autonomous areas, work towards their unity and prosperity and strive for the common prosperity of all nationalities and for the transformation of China into a socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy is the basic law for the implementation of the system of regional national autonomy prescribed in the Constitution.
| | 主席令
（第十三号）
《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会第二次会议于一九八四年五月三十一日通过，现予公布，自一九八四年十月一日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席 李先念
一九八四年五月三十一日
中华人民共和国民族区域自治法
（一九八四年五月三十一日第六届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过）
序言
中华人民共和国是全国各族人民共同缔造的统一的多民族国家。民族区域自治是中国共产党运用马克思列宁主义解决我国民族问题的基本政策，是国家的一项重要政治制度。
民族区域自治是在国家统一领导下，各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，行使自治权。实行民族区域自治，体现了国家充分尊重和保障各少数民族管理本民族内部事务权利的精神，体现了国家坚持实行各民族平等、团结和共同繁荣的原则。
实行民族区域自治，对发挥各族人民当家作主的积极性，发展平等、团结、互助的社会主义民族关系，巩固国家的统一，促进民族自治地方和全国社会主义建设事业的发展，都起了巨大的作用。今后，民族区域自治制度将在国家的社会主义现代化建设进程中发挥更大的作用。
实践证明，坚持实行民族区域自治，必须切实保障民族自治地方根据本地实际情况贯彻执行国家的法律和政策；必须大量培养少数民族的各级干部、各种专业人才和技术工人；民族自治地方必须发扬自力更生、艰苦奋斗精神，努力发展本地区的社会主义建设事业，为国家建设作出贡献；国家根据国民经济和社会发展计划，努力帮助民族自治地方加速经济和文化的发展。 在维护民族团结的斗争中，要反对大民族主义，主要是大汉族主义，也要反对地方民族主义。
民族自治地方的各族人民和全国人民一道，在中国共产党的领导下，在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持人民民主专政，坚持社会主义道路，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设，加速民族自治地方经济、文化的发展，建设团结、繁荣的民族自治地方，为各民族的共同繁荣，把祖国建设成为高度文明、高度民主的社会主义国家而努力奋斗。
中华人民共和国民族区域自治法是实施宪法规定的民族区域自治制度的基本法律。
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CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
| | 第一章 总则
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Article 1. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
| | 第一条 中华人民共和国民族区域自治法，根据中华人民共和国宪法制定。
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Article 2. Regional autonomy shall be practised in areas where minority nationalities live in concentrated communities.
National autonomous areas shall be classified into autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties.
All national autonomous areas are integral parts of the People's Republic of China.
| | 第二条 各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治。
民族自治地方分为自治区、自治州、自治县。
各民族自治地方都是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。
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Article 3. Organs of self-government shall be established in national autonomous areas as local organs of state power at a particular level.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall apply the principle of democratic centralism.
| | 第三条 民族自治地方设立自治机关，自治机关是国家的一级地方政权机关。
民族自治地方的自治机关实行民主集中制的原则。
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Article 4. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall exercise the functions and powers of local organs of state as specified in Section 5 of CHAPTER III of the Constitution. At the same time, they shall exercise the power of autonomy within the limits of their authority as prescribed by the Constitution, by this Law and other laws, and implement the laws and policies of the state in the light of existing local conditions.
The organs of self-government of autonomous prefectures shall exercise the functions and powers of local state organs over cities divided into districts and cities with counties under their jurisdiction and, at the same time, exercise the power of autonomy.
| | 第四条 民族自治地方的自治机关行使宪法第三章第五节规定的地方国家机关的职权，同时依照宪法和本法以及其他法律规定的权限行使自治权，根据本地方的实际情况贯彻执行国家的法律、政策。
自治州的自治机关行使下设区、县的市的地方国家机关的职权，同时行使自治权。
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Article 5. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas must uphold the unity of the country and guarantee that the Constitution and other laws are observed and implemented in these areas.
| | 第五条 民族自治地方的自治机关必须维护国家的统一，保证宪法和法律在本地方的遵守和执行。
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Article 6. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall lead the people of the various nationalities in a concentrated effort to promote socialist modernization.
On the principle of not contravening the Constitution and the laws, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall have the power to adopt special policies and flexible measures in the light of local conditions to speed up the economic and cultural development of these areas.
Under the guidance of state plans and on the basis of actual conditions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall steadily increase labour productivity and economic results, develop social productive forces and gradually raise the material living standards of the people of the various nationalities.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of national cultures, build a socialist society with an advanced culture and ideology and with national characteristics, and steadily raise the socialist consciousness and scientific and cultural levels of the people of the various nationalities.
| | 第六条 民族自治地方的自治机关领导各族人民集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。
民族自治地方的自治机关根据本地方的情况，在不违背宪法和法律的原则下，有权采取特殊政策和灵活措施，加速民族自治地方经济、文化建设事业的发展。
民族自治地方的自治机关在国家计划的指导下，从实际出发，不断提高劳动生产率和经济效益，发展社会生产力，逐步提高各民族人民的物质生活水平。
民族自治地方的自治机关继承和发扬民族文化的优良传统，建设具有民族特点的社会主义精神文明，不断提高各民族人民的社会主义觉悟和科学文化水平。
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Article 7. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall place the interests of the state as a whole above anything else and make positive efforts to fulfil the tasks assigned by state organs at higher levels.
| | 第七条 民族自治地方的自治机关要把国家的整体利益放在首位，积极完成上级国家机关交给的各项任务。
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Article 8. State organs at higher levels shall guarantee the exercise of the power of autonomy by the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas and shall, in accordance with the characteristics and needs of these areas, strive to help them speed up their socialist construction.
| | 第八条 上级国家机关保障民族自治地方的自治机关行使自治权，并且依据民族自治地方的特点和需要，努力帮助民族自治地方加速发展社会主义建设事业。
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Article 9. State organs at higher levels and the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall uphold and develop the socialist relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of China's nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality shall be prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or instigates national division shall also be prohibited.
| | 第九条 上级国家机关和民族自治地方的自治机关维护和发展各民族的平等、团结、互助的社会主义民族关系。禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫，禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为。
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Article 10. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall guarantee the freedom of the nationalities in these areas to use and develop their own spoken and written languages and their freedom to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs.
| | 第十条 民族自治地方的自治机关保障本地方各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由，都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。
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Article 11. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall guarantee the freedom of religious belief to citizens of the various nationalities.
No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion, nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.
The state shall protect normal religious activities. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state.
Religious bodies and religious affairs shall not be subject to any foreign domination.
| | 第十一条 民族自治地方的自治机关保障各民族公民有宗教信仰自由。
任何国家机关、社会团体和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民。
国家保护正常的宗教活动。任何人不得利用宗教进行破坏社会秩序、损害公民身体健康、妨碍国家教育制度的活动。
宗教团体和宗教事务不受外国势力的支配。
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CHAPTER II ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
| | 第二章 民族自治地方的建立和自治机关的组成
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Article 12. Autonomous areas may be established where one or more minority nationalities live in concentrated communities, in the light of local conditions such as the relationship among the various nationalities and the level of economic development, and with due consideration for historical background.
Within a national autonomous area, appropriate autonomous areas or nationality townships may be established where other minority nationalities live in concentrated communities.
Some residential areas and towns of the Han nationality or other nationalities may be included in a national autonomous area in consideration of actual local conditions.
| | 第十二条 少数民族聚居的地方， 根据当地民族关系、 经济发展等条件，并参酌历史情况，可以建立以一个或者几个少数民族聚居区为基础的自治地方。
民族自治地方内其他少数民族聚居的地方，建立相应的自治地方或者民族乡。
民族自治地方依据本地方的实际情况，可以包括一部分汉族或者其他民族的居民区和城镇。
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Article 13. With the exception of special cases, the name of a national autonomous area shall be composed of the name of the locality and the name of the nationality and the administrative status, in that order.
| | 第十三条 民族自治地方的名称，除特殊情况外，按照地方名称、民族名称、行政地位的顺序组成。
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Article 14. The establishment of a national autonomous area, the delineation of its boundaries and the elements of its name shall be proposed by the state organ at the next higher level jointly with the state organ in the relevant locality, after full consultation with representatives of the relevant nationalities, before they are submitted for approval according to the procedures prescribed by law.
Once defined, the boundaries of a national autonomous area may not be altered without authorization. When an alteration is found necessary, it shall be proposed by the relevant department of the state organ at the next higher level after full consultation with the organ of self-government of the national autonomous area before it is submitted to the State Council for approval.
| | 第十四条 民族自治地方的建立、区域界线的划分、名称的组成，由上级国家机关会同有关地方的国家机关，和有关民族的代表充分协商拟定，按照法律规定的程序报请批准。
民族自治地方的区域界线一经确定，不得轻易变动；需要变动的时候，由上级国家机关的有关部门和民族自治地方的自治机关充分协商拟定，报国务院批准。
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Article 15. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall be the people's congresses and people's governments of autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties.
The people's governments of national autonomous areas shall be responsible and report on their work to the people's congresses at corresponding levels and to the administrative organs of the state at the next higher level. When the people's congresses at corresponding levels are not in session, they shall be responsible and report on their work to the standing committees of these people's congresses. The people's governments of all national autonomous areas shall be administrative organs of the state under the unified leadership of the State Council and shall be subordinate to it.
The organization and work of the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall be specified in these areas' regulations on the exercise of autonomy or separate regulations, in accordance with the Constitution and other laws.
| | 第十五条 民族自治地方的自治机关是自治区、自治州、自治县的人民代表大会和人民政府。
民族自治地方的人民政府对本级人民代表大会和上一级国家行政机关负责并报告工作，在本级人民代表大会闭会期间，对本级人民代表大会常务委员会负责并报告工作。各民族自治地方的人民政府都是国务院统一领导下的国家行政机关，都服从国务院。
民族自治地方的自治机关的组织和工作，根据宪法和法律，由民族自治地方的自治条例或者单行条例规定。
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Article 16. In the people's congress of a national autonomous area, in addition to the deputies from the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the administrative area, the other nationalities inhabiting the area are also entitled to appropriate representation.
The number and proportion of deputies to the people's congress of a national autonomous area from the nationality exercising regional autonomy and from the other minority nationalities shall be decided upon by the standing committee of the people's congress of a province or an autonomous region, in accordance with the principles prescribed by law, and shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Among the chairman and vice-chairmen of the standing committee of the people's congress of a national autonomous area shall be one or more citizens of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area.
| | 第十六条 民族自治地方的人民代表大会中，除实行区域自治的民族的代表外，其他居住在本行政区域内的民族也应当有适当名额的代表。
民族自治地方的人民代表大会中，实行区域自治的民族和其他少数民族代表的名额和比例，根据法律规定的原则，由省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会决定，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
民族自治地方的人民代表大会常务委员会中应当有实行区域自治的民族的公民担任主任或者副主任。
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Article 17. The chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county shall be a citizen of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned. Other posts in the people's government of an autonomous region, an autonomous prefecture or an autonomous county should, whenever possible, be assumed by people of the nationality exercising regional autonomy and of other minority nationalities in the area concerned.
The people's governments of national autonomous areas shall apply the system of giving overall responsibility to the chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county, who shall direct the work of the people's governments at their respective levels.
| | 第十七条 自治区主席、自治州州长、自治县县长由实行区域自治的民族的公民担任。自治区、自治州、自治县的人民政府的其他组成人员，要尽量配备实行区域自治的民族和其他少数民族的人员。
民族自治地方的人民政府实行自治区主席、自治州州长、自治县县长负责制。自治区主席、自治州州长、自治县县长，分别主持本级人民政府的工作。
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Article 18. The cadres in the departments under the organs of self-government of a national autonomous area should, whenever possible, be chosen from citizens of the nationality exercising regional autonomy and of the other minority nationalities in the area.
| | 第十八条 民族自治地方的自治机关所属工作部门的干部中，要尽量配备实行区域自治的民族和其他少数民族的人员。
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CHAPTER III THE POWER OF AUTONOMY OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
| | 第三章 自治机关的自治权
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Article 19. The people's congresses of national autonomous areas shall have the power to enact regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations in the light of the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the nationality or nationalities in the areas concerned. The regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations of autonomous regions shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval before they go into effect. The regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations of autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be submitted to the standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces or autonomous regions for approval before they go into effect, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
| | 第十九条 民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地民族的政治 、 经济和文化的特点，制定自治条例和单行条例。自治区的自治条例和单行条例，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效。自治州、自治区县的自治条例和单行条例，报省或者自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
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Article 20. If a resolution, decision, order or instruction of a state organ at a higher level does not suit the conditions in a national autonomous area, the organ of self-government of the area may either implement it with certain alterations or cease implementing it after reporting to and receiving the approval of the state organ at a higher level.
| | 第二十条 上级国家机关的决议、决定、命令和指示，如有不适合民族自治地方实际情况的，自治机关可以报经该上级国家机关批准，变通执行或者停止执行。
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Article 21. While performing its functions, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall, in accordance with the regulations on the exercise of autonomy of the area, use one or several languages commonly used in the locality; where several commonly used languages are used for the performance of such functions, the language of the nationality exercising regional autonomy may be used as the main language.
| | 第二十一条 民族自治地方的自治机关在执行职务的时候，依照本民族自治地方自治条例的规定，使用当地通用的一种或者几种语言文字；同时使用几种通用的语言文字执行职务的，可以以实行区域自治的民族的语言文字为主。
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Article 22. In accordance with the needs of socialist construction, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall take various measures to train large numbers of cadres at different levels and various kinds of specialized personnel, including scientists, technicians and managerial executives, as well as skilled workers from among the local nationalities, giving full play to their roles, and shall pay attention to the training of cadres at various levels and specialized and technical personnel of various kinds from among the women of minority nationalities.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may adopt special measures to provide preferential treatment and encouragement to specialized personnel joining in the various kinds of construction in these areas.
| | 第二十二条 民族自治地方的自治机关根据社会主义建设的需要，采取各种措施从当地民族中大量培养各级干部、各种科学技术、经营管理等专业人才和技术工人，充分发挥他们的作用，并且注意在少数民族妇女中培养各级干部和各种专业技术人才。
民族自治地方的自治机关可以采取特殊措施，优待、鼓励各种专业人员参加自治地方各项建设工作。
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Article 23. When recruiting personnel, enterprises and institutions in national autonomous areas shall give priority to minority nationalities and may enlist them from the population of minority nationalities in rural and pastoral areas. When recruiting personnel from the population of minority nationalities in rural and pastoral areas, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties must report to and secure the approval of the people's governments of the provinces or autonomous regions.
| | 第二十三条 民族自治地方的企业、事业单位在招收人员的时候，要优先招收少数民族人员；并且可以从农村和牧区少数民族人口中招收。自治州、自治县从农村和牧区少数民族人口中招收人员，须报省或者自治区人民政府批准。
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Article 24. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may, in accordance with the military system of the state and practical local need and with the approval of the State Council, organize local public security forces for the maintenance of public order.
| | 第二十四条 民族自治地方的自治机关依照国家的军事制度和当地的实际需要，经国务院批准，可以组织本地方维护社会治安的公安部队。
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Article 25. Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently arrange for and administer local economic development.
| | 第二十五条 民族自治地方的自治机关在国家计划的指导下，自主地安排和管理地方性的经济建设事业。
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Article 26. Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall work out the guidelines, policies and plans for economic development in the light of local characteristics and needs.
| | 第二十六条 民族自治地方的自治机关在国家计划的指导下 ， 根据本地方的特点和需要，制定经济建设的方针、政策和计划。
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Article 27. Given the prerequisite of adherence to the principles of socialism, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall, in accordance with legal stipulations and in the light of the characteristics of local economic development, rationally readjust the relations of production and reform the structure of economic administration.
In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall define the ownership of, and the right to use, the pastures and forests within these areas.
| | 第二十七条 民族自治地方的自治机关在坚持社会主义原则的前提下，根据法律规定和本地方经济发展的特点，合理调整生产关系，改革经济管理体制。
民族自治地方的自治机关根据法律规定 ， 确定本地方内草场和森林的所有权和使用权。
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Article 28. In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall manage and protect the natural resources of these areas.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall protect and develop grasslands and forests and organize and encourage the planting of trees and grass. Destruction of grasslands and forests by any organization or individual by whatever means shall be prohibited.
In accordance with legal stipulations and unified state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may give priority to the rational exploitation and utilization of the natural resources that the local authorities are entitled to develop.
| | 第二十八条 民族自治地方的自治机关依照法律规定，管理和保护本地方的自然资源。
民族自治地方的自治机关保护、建设草原和森林，组织和鼓励植树种草。禁止任何组织或者个人利用任何手段破坏草原和森林。
民族自治地方的自治机关根据法律规定和国家的统一规划，对可以由本地方开发的自然资源，优先合理开发利用。
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Article 29. Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently arrange local capital construction projects according to their financial and material resources and other specific local conditions.
| | 第二十九条 民族自治地方的自治机关在国家计划的指导下，根据本地方的财力、物力和其他具体条件，自主地安排地方基本建设项目。
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Article 30. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently administer the enterprises and institutions under local jurisdiction.
| | 第三十条 民族自治地方的自治机关自主地管理隶属于本地方的企业、事业。
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Article 31. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently arrange for the use of industrial, agricultural and other local and special products after fulfilling the quotas for state purchase and for state distribution at a higher level.
| | 第三十一条 民族自治地方的自治机关自主地安排利用完成国家计划收购、上调任务以外的工农业产品和其他土特产品。
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Article 32. In accordance with state provisions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may pursue foreign economic and trade activities and may, with the approval of the State Council, open foreign trade ports.
National autonomous areas adjoining foreign countries may develop border trade with the approval of the State Council.
While conducting foreign economic and trade activities, the organs of self-government of the national autonomous areas shall enjoy preferential treatment by the state with regard to the proportion of foreign exchange retained by them and in other respects.
| | 第三十二条 民族自治地方依照国家规定， 可以开展对外经济贸易活动， 经国务院批准，可以开辟对外贸易口岸。
与外国接壤的民族自治地方经国务院批准，开展边境贸易。
民族自治地方的自治机关在对外经济贸易活动中 ， 在外汇留成等方面享受国家的优待。
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Article 33. The finance of a national autonomous area constitutes a particular level of finance and is a component of state finance.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall have the power of autonomy in administering the finances of their areas. All revenues accruing to the national autonomous areas under the financial system of the state shall be managed and used by the organs of self-government of these areas on their own.
The revenues and expenditures of national autonomous areas shall be specified by the State Council on the principle of giving preferential treatment to such areas.
In accordance with stipulations concerning the state financial system, if the revenues of a national autonomous area exceeds its expenditures, a fixed amount of the surplus shall be delivered to the financial department at a higher level. Once fixed, the amount to be delivered may remain unchanged for several years. If the expenditures of a national autonomous area exceeds its revenues, a subsidy shall be granted by the financial department at a higher level.
A national autonomous area shall, in accordance with state stipulations, lay aside a reserve fund for expenditure in its budget. The proportion of the reserve fund in its budget shall be higher than that in the budgets of other areas.
While implementing its fiscal budget, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall arrange for the use of extra income and savings from expenditures at its own discretion.
| | 第三十三条 民族自治地方的财政是一级财政，是国家财政的组成部分。
民族自治地方的自治机关有管理地方财政的自治权。凡是依照国家财政体制属于民族自治地方的财政收入，都应当由民族自治地方的自治机关自主地安排使用。
民族自治地方的财政收入和财政支出的项目，由国务院按照优待民族自治地方的原则规定。
民族自治地方依照国家财政体制的规定，财政收入多于财政支出的，定额上缴上级财政，上缴数额可以一定几年不变；收入不敷支出的，由上级财政机关补助。
民族自治地方的财政预算支出，按照国家规定，设机动资金，预备费在预算中所占比例高于一般地区。
民族自治地方的自治机关在执行财政预算过程中，自行安排使用收入的超收和支出的节余资金。
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Article 34. In accordance with the principles set by the state and in the light of local conditions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may work out supplementary provisions and concrete procedures with regard to the standards of expenditure, the sizes of the staff and the quotas of work for their respective areas. The supplementary provisions and concrete procedures worked out by autonomous regions shall be reported to the State Council for the record; those worked out by autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be reported to the people's governments of the relevant provinces or autonomous regions for approval.
| | 第三十四条 民族自治地方的自治机关对本地方的各项开支标准、定员、定额，根据国家规定的原则，结合本地方的实际情况，可以制定补充规定和具体办法。自治区制定的补充规定和具体办法，报国务院备案；自治州、自治县制定的补充规定和具体办法，须报省或者自治区人民政府批准。
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Article 35. While implementing the tax laws of the state, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may grant tax exemptions or reductions for certain items of local financial income which should be encouraged or given preferential consideration in taxation, in addition to items on which tax reduction or exemption require unified examination and approval by the state. The decisions of autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties on tax deduction and exemption shall be reported to the people's governments of the relevant provinces or autonomous regions for approval
| | 第三十五条 民族自治地方的自治机关在执行国家税法的时候，除应由国家统一审批的减免税收项目以外，对属于地方财政收入的某些需要从税收上加以照顾和鼓励的，可以实行减税或者免税。自治州、自治县决定减税或者免税，须报省或者自治区人民政府批准。
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Article 36. In accordance with the guidelines of the state on education and with the relevant stipulations of the law, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall decide on the plans for the development of education in these areas, on the establishment of various kinds of schools at different levels, on their educational system, forms, curricula, the language used in instruction and enrollment procedures.
| | 第三十六条 民族自治地方的自治机关根据国家的教育方针，依照法律规定，决定本地方的教育规划， 各级各类学校的设置、学制、 办学形式、教学内容、教学用语和招生办法。
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Article 37. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop education for the nationalities by eliminating illiteracy, setting up various kinds of schools, spreading compulsory primary education, developing secondary education and establishing specialized schools for the nationalities, such as teachers schools, secondary technical schools, vocational schools and institutes of nationalities to train specialized personnel from among the minority nationalities.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may set up public primary schools and secondary schools, mainly boarding schools and schools providing subsidies, in pastoral areas and economically under developed, sparsely populated mountain areas inhabited by minority nationalities.
Schools where most of the students come from minority nationalities should, whenever possible, use textbooks in their own languages and use these languages as the media of instruction. Classes for the teaching of Chinese (the Han language) shall be opened for senior grades of primary schools or for secondary schools to popularize Putonghua, the common speech based on Beijing pronunciation.
| | 第三十七条 民族自治地方的自治机关自主地发展民族教育， 扫除文盲， 举办各类学校，普及初等义务教育，发展中等教育；举办民族师范学校、民族中等专业学校、民族职业学校和民族学院，培养各少数民族专业人才。
民族自治地方的自治机关可以为少数民族牧区和经济困难 、 居住分散的少数民族山区，设立以寄宿为主和助学金为主的公办民族小学和民族中学。
招收少数民族学生为主的学校，有条件的应当采用少数民族文字的课本，并用少数民族语言讲课；小学高年级或者中学设汉文课程，推广全国通用的普通话。
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Article 38. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop literature, art, the press, publishing, radio broadcasting, the film industry, television and other cultural undertakings in forms and with characteristics unique to the nationalities.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall collect, sort out, translate and publish books of the nationalities and protect the scenic spots and historical sites in their areas, their precious cultural relics and their other important historical and cultural legacies.
| | 第三十八条 民族自治地方的自治机关自主地发展具有民族形式和民族特点的文学、艺术、新闻、出版、广播、电影、电视等民族文化事业。
民族自治地方的自治机关收集、整理、翻译和出版民族书籍，保护民族的名胜古迹、珍贵文物和其它重要历史文化遗产。
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Article 39. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall make independent decisions on local plans for developing science and technology and spreading knowledge of science and technology.
| | 第三十九条 民族自治地方的自治机关自主地决定本地方的科学技术发展规划，普及科学技术知识。
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Article 40. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall make independent decisions on plans for developing local medical and health services and for advancing both modern medicine and the traditional medicine of the nationalities.
The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall see to a more effective prevention and treatment of endemic diseases, provide better protection for the health of women and children, and improve sanitary conditions.
| | 第四十条 民族自治地方的自治机关，自主地决定本地方的医疗卫生事业的发展规划，发展现代医药和民族传统医药。
民族自治地方的自治机关加强地方病防治和妇幼卫生保健，改善卫生条件。
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Article 41. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop sports, promote the traditional sports of the nationalities and improve the physical fitness of the people of the various nationalities.
| | 第四十一条 民族自治地方的自治机关自主地发展体育事业，开展民族传统体育活动，增强各族人民的体质。
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Article 42. The organs of self-government of the national autonomous areas shall strive to develop exchanges and cooperation with other areas in education, science and technology, culture and art, public health, sports, etc.
In accordance with relevant state provisions, the organs of self-government of autonomous regions and autonomous prefectures may conduct exchanges with foreign countries in education, science and technology, culture and art, public health, sports, etc.
| | 第四十二条 民族自治地方的自治机关积极开展和其他地方的教育、科学技术、文化艺术、卫生、体育等方面的交流和协作。
自治区、自治州的自治机关依照国家规定，可以和国外进行教育、科学技术、文化艺术、卫生、体育等方面的交流。
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Article 43. In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall work out measures for control of the transient population.
| | 第四十三条 民族自治地方的自治机关根据法律规定，制定管理流动人口的办法。
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Article 44. In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall, in the light of local conditions, work out measures for family planning.
| | 第四十四条 民族自治地方的自治机关根据法律规定，结合本地方的实际情况，制定实行计划生育的办法。
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Article 45. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment and shall prevent and control pollution and other public hazards.
| | 第四十五条 民族自治地方的自治机关保护和改善生活环境和生态环境，防治污染和其他公害。
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CHAPTER IV THE PEOPLE'S COURTS AND PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATES OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS
| | 第四章 民族自治地方的人民法院和人民检察院
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Article 46. The people's courts and people's procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall be responsible to the people's congresses at corresponding levels and their standing committees. The people's procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall also be responsible to the people's procuratorates at higher levels.
The administration of justice by the people's courts of national autonomous areas shall be supervised by the Supreme People's Court and by people's courts at higher levels. The work of the people's procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall be directed by the Supreme People's Procuratorate and by people's procuratorates at higher levels.
Members of the leadership and of the staff of the people's court and of the people's procuratorate of a national autonomous area shall include people from the nationality exercising regional autonomy in that area.
| | 第四十六条 民族自治地方的人民法院和人民检察院对本级人民代表大会及其常务委员会负责。民族自治地方的人民检察院并对上级人民检察院负责。
民族自治地方人民法院的审判工作，受最高人民法院和上级人民法院监督。民族自治地方的人民检察院的工作，受最高人民检察院和上级人民检察院领导。
民族自治地方的人民法院和人民检察院的领导成员和工作人员中，应当有实行区域自治的民族的人员。
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Article 47. In the prosecution and trial of cases, the people's courts and people's procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall use the language commonly used in the locality. They shall guarantee that citizens of the various nationalities enjoy the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings. The people's courts and people's procuratorates should provide translation for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly used in the locality. Legal documents should be written, according to actual needs, in the language or languages commonly used in the locality.
| | 第四十七条 民族自治地方的人民法院和人民检察院应当用当地通用的语言检察和审理案件。保障各民族公民都有使用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。对于不通晓当地通用的语言文字的诉讼参与人，应当为他们翻译。法律文书应当根据实际需要，使用当地通用的一种或者几种文字。
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CHAPTER V RELATIONS AMONG NATIONALITIES WITHIN A NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS
| | 第五章 民族自治地方内的民族关系
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Article 48. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall guarantee equal rights for the various nationalities in the area.
The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall unite the cadres and masses of the various nationalities and give full play to their initiative in a joint effort to develop the area.
| | 第四十八条 民族自治地方的自治机关保障本地方内各民族都享有平等权利。
民族自治地方的自治机关团结各民族的干部和群众，充分调动他们的积极性，共同建设民族自治地方。
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Article 49. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall persuade and encourage cadres of the various nationalities to learn each other's spoken and written languages. Cadres of Han nationality should learn the spoken and written languages of the local minority nationalities. While learning and using the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities, cadres of minority nationalities should also learn Putonghua and the written Chinese (Han) language commonly used throughout the country.
Awards should be given to state functionaries in national autonomous areas who can use skillfully two or more spoken or written languages that are commonly used in the locality.
| | 第四十九条 民族自治地方的自治机关教育和鼓励各民族的干部互相学习语言文字。汉族干部要学习当地少数民族的语言文字，少数民族干部在学习、使用本民族语言文字的同时，也要学习全国通用普通话和汉文。
民族自治地方的国家工作人员，能够熟练使用两种以上当地通用的语言文字的，应当予以奖励。
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Article 50. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall help other minority nationalities living in concentrated communities in the area establish appropriate autonomous areas or nationality townships.
The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall help the various nationalities in the area develop their economic, educational, scientific, cultural, public health and physical culture affairs.
The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall give consideration to the characteristics and needs of nationalities living in settlements scattered over the area.
| | 第五十条 民族自治地方的自治机关帮助聚居在本地方的其他少数民族，建立相应的自治地方或者民族乡。
民族自治地方的自治机关帮助本地方各民族发展经济、教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育事业。
民族自治地方的自治机关照顾本地方散居民族的特点和需要。
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Article 51. In dealing with special issues concerning the various nationalities within its area, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area must conduct full consultation with their representatives and respect their opinions.
| | 第五十一条 民族自治地方的自治机关在处理涉及本地方各民族的特殊问题的时候，必须与他们的代表充分协商，尊重他们的意见。
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Article 52. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall guarantee that the citizens of the various nationalities in the area enjoy the rights of citizens prescribed in the Constitution and shall educate them in the need to perform their duties as citizens.
| | 第五十二条 民族自治地方的自治机关保障本地方内各民族公民都享有宪法规定的公民权利，并且教育他们履行公民应尽的义务。
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Article 53. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall promote the civic virtues of love of the motherland, of the people, of labour, of science and of socialism and conduct education among the citizens of the various nationalities in the area in patriotism, communism and state policies concerning the nationalities. The cadres and masses of the various nationalities must be educated to trust, learn from and help one another and to respect the spoken and written languages, folkways and customs and religious beliefs of one another in a joint effort to safeguard the unification of the country and the unity of all the nationalities.
| | 第五十三条 民族自治地方的自治机关提倡爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义的公德，对本地方内各民族公民进行爱国主义、共产主义和民族政策的教育。教育各民族的干部和群众互相信任，互相学习，互相帮助，互相尊重语言文字、风俗习惯和宗教信仰，共同维护国家的统一和各民族的团结。
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CHAPTER VI LEADERSHIP AND ASSISTANCE FROM STATE ORGANS AT HIGHER LEVELS
| | 第六章 上级国家机关的领导和帮助
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Article 54. The resolutions, decisions, orders and instructions concerning national autonomous areas adopted by state organs at higher levels should suit the conditions in these areas.
| | 第五十四条 上级国家机关有关民族自治地方的决议、决定、命令和指示，应当适合民族自治地方的实际情况。
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Article 55. State organs at higher levels shall provide financial, material and technical assistance to national autonomous areas to accelerate their economic and cultural development.
In making plans for national economic and social development, state organs at higher levels should take into consideration the characteristics and needs of national autonomous areas.
| | 第五十五条 上级国家机关从财政、物资和技术等方面，帮助各民族自治地方加速发展经济建设和文化建设事业。
上级国家机关在制定国民经济和社会发展计划的时候，应当照顾民族自治地方的特点和需要。
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Article 56. The state shall set aside special funds to help national autonomous areas develop their economy and culture.
The special funds set aside by the state and its provisional grants to the nationalities may not be deducted, withheld or misappropriated by any state agency, nor may they be used to substitute for the normal budgetary revenues of national autonomous areas.
| | 第五十六条 国家设立各项专用资金，扶助民族自治地方发展经济文化建设事业。
国家设立的各项专用资金和临时性的民族补助专款 ，任何部门不得扣减、 截留、挪用，不得用以顶替民族自治地方的正常的预算收入。
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Article 57. In accordance with the state policy for trade with the minority nationalities, state organs at higher levels shall give consideration to the commercial, supply and marketing, and medical and pharmaceutical enterprises in national autonomous areas.
| | 第五十七条 上级国家机关根据国家的民族贸易政策，对民族自治地方的商业、供销和医药企业，给予照顾。
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Article 58. State organs at higher levels shall rationally review or readjust the base figures for the financial revenues and expenditures of national autonomous areas.
| | 第五十八条 上级国家机关合理核定或者调整民族自治地方的财政收入和支出的基数。
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Article 59. While distributing the means of production and means of subsistence, state organs at higher levels shall give consideration to the needs of national autonomous areas.
While making plans for the state purchase of industrial and agricultural products and other local and special products of national autonomous areas and for state distribution of such products at a higher level, state organs at higher levels shall give consideration to the interests of the national autonomous areas and the producers, and set reasonable base figures for state distribution at a higher level or a reasonable ratio between the amount to be purchased and the amount to be kept.
| | 第五十九条 上级国家机关在分配生产资料和生活资料的时候，应当照顾民族自治地方的需要。
上级国家机关在制定民族自治地方的工、农业产品和其他土特产品的收购、上调计划的时候，应当照顾民族自治地方和生产者的利益，确定合理的上调基数或者购留比例。
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Article 60. In matters of investment, loans and taxation and in production, supply, transportation and sales, state organs at higher levels shall help national autonomous areas in the rational exploitation of local resources to develop local industry, transportation and energy and to advance and improve the production of goods specially needed by minority nationalities and of traditional handicrafts.
| | 第六十条 上级国家机关在投资、贷款、税收以及生产、供应、运输、销售等方面，扶持民族自治地方合理利用本地资源发展地方工业，发展交通、能源，发展和改进少数民族特需商品和传统手工业品的生产。
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Article 61. State organs at higher levels shall enlist and support economically developed areas in pursuing economic and technological cooperation with national autonomous areas to help the latter areas raise their level of operation and management and their level of production technology.
| | 第六十一条 上级国家机关应当组织和支持经济发达地区与民族自治地方开展经济、技术协作，帮助和促进民族自治地方提高经营管理水平和生产技术水平。
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Article 62. While exploiting resources and undertaking construction in national autonomous areas, the state shall give consideration to the interests of these areas, make arrangements favorable to the economic construction there and pay proper attention to the productive pursuits and the life of the minority nationalities there.
Enterprises and institutions affiliated to state organs at higher levels but located in national autonomous areas shall give priority to local minority nationalities when recruiting personnel.
Enterprises and institutions affiliated to state organs at higher levels but located in national autonomous areas shall respect the power of autonomy of the local organs of self-government and accept their supervision.
| | 第六十二条 国家在民族自治地方开发资源、进行建设的时候，应当照顾民族自治地方的利益，作出有利于民族自治地方经济建设的安排，照顾当地少数民族的生产和生活。
上级国家机关隶属的在民族自治地方的企业、事业单位，在招收人员的时候，应当优先招收当地少数民族人员。
上级国家机关隶属的在发展自治地方的企业、事业单位 ， 要尊重当地自治机关的自治权，接受当地自治机关的监督。
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Article 63. Without the consent of the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area, no state agency at a higher level may change the affiliation of an enterprise under the administration of the local government.
| | 第六十三条 上级国家机关非经民族自治地方自治机关同意，不得改变民族自治地方所属企业的隶属关系。
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Article 64. State organs at higher levels shall help national autonomous areas train, from among local nationalities, large numbers of cadres at various levels and specialized personnel and skilled workers of different professions and trades; in accordance with local needs and in various forms, they shall send appropriate numbers of teachers, doctors, scientists and technicians as well as managerial executives to work in national autonomous areas and provide them with proper benefits.
| | 第六十四条 上级国家机关帮助民族自治地方从当地民族中大量培养各级干部、各种专业人才和技术工人； 根据民族自治地方的需要， 采取多种形式调派适当数量的教师、医生、科学技术和经营管理人员，参加民族自治地方的工作，对他们的生活待遇给予适当照顾。
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Article 65. State organs at higher levels shall help national autonomous areas speed up the development of education and raise the scientific and cultural levels of the people of local nationalities.
The state shall set up institutes of nationalities and, in other institutions of higher education, nationality-oriented classes and preparatory classes which only enroll students from minority nationalities. Preferred enrollment and preferred assignment of jobs may also be introduced. In enrollment, institutions of higher education and secondary technical schools shall appropriately set lower standards and requirements for the admission of students from minority nationalities.
| | 第六十五条 上级国家机关帮助民族自治地方加速发展教育事业，提高当地各民族人民的科学文化水平。
国家举办民族学院，在高等学校举办民族班、民族预科，专门招收少数民族学生，并且可以采取定向招生、定向分配的办法。高等学校和中等专业学校招收新生的时候，对少数民族考生适当放宽录取标准和条件。
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Article 66. State organs at higher levels shall intensify education among cadres and masses of the various nationalities in the government's policies concerning nationalities and frequently review the observance and implementation of these policies and relevant laws.
| | 第六十六条 上级国家机关应当对各民族的干部和群众加强民族政策的教育，经常检查民族政策和有关法律的遵守和执行。
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CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
| | 第七章 附则
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| Article 67. This Law has been adopted by the National People's Congress, and shall go into effect on October 1, 1984. | | 第六十七条 本法由全国人民代表大会通过，自一九八四年十月一日起施行。
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