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| Opinions of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on Severely Punishing Fraudulent Practices to Improve the Quality of Environmental Impact Assessment | | 生態環境部關于嚴懲弄虛作假提高環評質量的意見 |
| (No. 48 [2020] of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment) | | （環環評〔2020〕48號） |
| The ecology and environment departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; and the Ecology and Environment Bureau of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: | | 各省、自治區、直轄市生態環境廳（局），新疆生產建設兵團生態環境局： |
| Environmental impact assessment (“EIA”) provides a legal means to control environment access conditions for construction projects and plans, and serves as the first line of defense to protect lucid waters and lush mountains in the development process. It also plays a significant role in coordinating efforts to promote high-quality economic growth and high-standard environment protection. However, there have been frequent fraudulent practices in EIA, leading to a strong social response. Some construction entities and plan preparation institutions fail to fulfill their duties and focus too much on formalities, some EIA entities have a poor sense of responsibility and low competency, and some local authorities act improperly in EIA oversight and supervision. All these problems have seriously impaired the credibility and effectiveness of the EIA system. Quality is the lifeblood of EIA work. Therefore, in order to severely punish the fraudulent practices in EIA, strengthen the traceability mechanism and the accountability system, and further leverage the role of EIA in preventing these problems at the source, these Opinions are hereby offered as follows. | | 環評是約束項目與規劃環境准入的法制保障，是在發展中守住綠水青山的第一道防線，為協同推進經濟高質量發展和生態環境高水平保護發揮著重要作用。但環評弄虛作假問題仍時有發生，社會反響強烈，暴露出一些建設單位和規劃編制機關主體責任不落實、重形式走過場，一些環評單位責任心差、能力水平不高，一些地方把關和監管不到位等問題，嚴重損害了環評制度的公信力和有效性。環評質量是環評工作的“生命線”，為嚴厲打擊環評領域弄虛作假行為，強化溯源機制和責任追究制度，進一步發揮環評源頭預防作用，制定本意見。 |
| I. Typical frauds in EIA work | | 一、環評領域典型弄虛作假情形 |
| 1. Plagiarism in EIA documents: mainly including construction sites, main construction tasks and production processes in EIA documents (i.e. the environmental impact report and environmental impact form of a construction project, and the environmental impact report of a construction plan) that obviously do not belong to the said project; the basic conditions, discharge of pollutants and performance standards of current construction work that obviously do not belong to the said project; and the current status of environment and prediction and assessment results that obviously do not belong to the said project or plan. | | （一）環評文件抄襲。主要包括環評文件（指建設項目環境影響報告書、報告表和規劃環境影響報告書）中項目建設地點、主體工程及其生產工藝明顯不屬于本項目的；現有工程基本情況、汙染物排放及達標情況明顯不屬于本項目的；環境現狀調查、預測評價結果明顯不屬于本項目或規劃的。 |
| 2. Omissions of essential contents: mainly including the actual operations of a construction project that are concealed by EIA documents; the omissions of major environmental protection targets such as ecological red lines, natural reserves, drinking water source reserve areas or areas with residence, health care, culture and education as main functions; failure to investigate and assess the current status of environmental elements or to predict and assess environmental elements or environmental risks; and failure to provide effective measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological damages. | | （二）關鍵內容遺漏。主要包括環評文件隱瞞項目實際開工情況的；遺漏生態保護紅線、自然保護區、飲用水水源保護區或者以居住、醫療衛生、文化教育為主要功能的區域等重要環境保護目標的；未開展相關環境要素現狀調查與評價、相關環境要素或者環境風險預測與評價的；未提出有效的環境汙染和生態破壞防治措施的。 |
| 3. Erroneous EIA data and conclusions: mainly including fabricating or tampering with data regarding the monitoring and investigation of current status of environment or the results of identifying hazardous wastes in EIA documents; fabricating the contents or results of investigation, prediction and assessment of current status of environmental elements or environmental risks; lowering EIA standards, which results in incorrect EIA conclusions; and drawing a conclusion that environmental impacts are acceptable even though the project type, site selection, layout and scale of a construction project fail to comply with the laws and regulations on environmental protection. | | （三）數據結論錯誤。主要包括環評文件編造、篡改環境現狀監測、調查數據或者危險廢物鑒別結果的；編造相關環境要素或環境風險等現狀調查、預測、評價內容或結果的；降低環評標准，致使環評結論不正確的；建設項目類型及其選址、布局、規模等明顯不符合環境保護法律法規，仍給出環境影響可行結論的。 |
| 4. Other fraudulent acts: mainly including the acts of construction entities and plan preparation institutions in fabricating the facts of public participation or tampering with the actual results of public participation surveys even though they do not organize any public participation at all; the acts of plan preparation institutions in purposefully tampering with or concealing construction tasks or scale in order to lower the types of EIA documents or the level of EIA work; the acts of EIA entities, presiding preparers or leading preparers of EIA documents in faking or forging signatures or seals of others in EIA documents; and other basic information that are evidently untrue as well as contents or conclusions that are heavily falsified. | | （四）其他造假情形。主要包括建設單位和規劃編制機關未組織開展公眾參與卻憑空編造公眾參與內容，或者篡改實際公眾參與調查結果的；相關單位故意篡改、隱瞞工程建設內容、規模等，以降低環評文件類型或者評價工作等級的；環評單位、環評文件編制主持人、主要編制人員在環評文件中假冒、偽造他人簽字簽章的；其他基礎資料明顯不實，內容、結論有重大虛假的。 |
| II. Implementing the responsibilities of the relevant entities and personnel | | 二、落實相關單位和人員責任 |
| 5. Highlighting the primary responsibilities of construction entities and plan preparation institutions. Construction entities shall organize EIA work according to laws and regulations before the initiation of a project, and plan preparation institutions shall conduct EIA for plans before the submission of the draft of a development and construction plan for approval. Construction entities and plan preparation institutions shall be responsible for the contents and conclusions of EIA documents. When entrusting technical entities to prepare EIA documents, construction entities and plan preparation institutions may take the assessment results of EIA credit platforms and the ecology and environment departments for reference, select EIA entities with good credibility and technical expertise, and specify the requirements for the quality of EIA documents in their contracts. In the EIA process, efforts shall be made to provide true basic information, strengthen organization and management, control the progress of EIA work, and carefully review the contents and conclusions of EIA documents. Construction entities and plan preparation institutions shall work with EIA entities to study and develop the measures for the protection of ecological environment, and ensure that investments and funds for environmental protection are in place. For projects and plans for which an environmental impact report is prepared, construction entities and plan preparation institutions shall arrange public participation in EIA work as required and be responsible for the authenticity and consequence of public participation. | | （五）突出建設單位和規劃編制機關主體責任。建設單位應在項目開工前依法依規組織開展環評工作，規劃編制機關應在開發建設規劃草案報批前組織開展規劃環評工作，並對環評文件內容和結論負責。在委托技術單位編制環評文件時，可參考環評信用平台和生態環境部門相關考核結果，選用信用良好、技術能力強的環評單位，並在合同中明確環評文件質量要求。在環評過程中應如實提供相關基礎資料，加強組織管理，掌握環評工作進展，並對環評文件的內容和結論進行審核。建設單位、規劃編制機關應與環評單位共同研究制定生態環境保護措施，落實環境保護投入和資金來源。對編制環境影響報告書的項目和規劃，應按要求開展環評公眾參與工作，對公眾參與的真實性和結果負責。 |
| 6. Emphasizing the direct responsibilities of EIA entities and personnel. EIA entities shall assume the relevant responsibilities for the contents and conclusions of EIA documents, and ensure that the contents of EIA documents are authentic, objective, complete and precise. A quality control system that covers the whole process of EIA work shall be established so as to create complete records for preparation work that can be traceable; technical reports, data and materials provided by the relevant entities shall be reviewed; and the conclusions of EIA work shall be truthfully reported to the construction entities and plan preparation institutions. Presiding preparers shall arrange the on-site visits, organize and participate in the preparation of EIA documents in the whole process, and strengthen efforts to coordinate the preparation work. | | （六）強化環評單位和人員直接責任。環評單位對環評文件內容和結論承擔相應責任，確保環評文件內容真實、客觀、全面和規範。應建立覆蓋全過程的質量控制制度，形成可追溯的編制工作完整檔案；對有關單位提供的技術報告、數據資料等進行審核；如實向建設單位和規劃編制機關反映環評結論。編制主持人應組織現場踏勘，全過程組織參與環評文件編制工作，並加強統籌協調。 |
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