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| Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Issuing the Specifications for Preparing Civil Judgments by the People's Courts and the Style of Civil Litigation Documents | | 最高人民法院关于印发《人民法院民事裁判文书制作规范》《民事诉讼文书样式》的通知 |
| (No. 221 [2016] of the Supreme People's Court) | | （法〔2016〕221号） |
| The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army; and the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: | | 各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院： |
| In order to further regulate and unify the standards for preparing civil judgments and improve the quality of civil litigation documents, the Supreme People's Court has developed the Specifications for Preparing Civil Judgments by the People's Court and the Style of Civil Litigation Documents. As adopted at the 1,679th Session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on February 22, 2016, these two documents are hereby issued for your conscientious implementation and shall come into force on August 1, 2016. | | 为进一步规范和统一民事裁判文书写作标准，提高民事诉讼文书质量，最高人民法院制定了《人民法院民事裁判文书制作规范》《民事诉讼文书样式》。该两份文件已于2016年2月22日经最高人民法院审判委员会第1679次会议通过，现予印发，自2016年8月1日起施行。请认真遵照执行。 |
| Supreme People's Court | | 最高人民法院 |
| June 28, 2016 | | 2016年6月28日 |
| Specifications for Preparing Civil Judgments by the People's Courts | | 人民法院民事裁判文书制作规范 |
| These Specifications are developed for purposes of guiding the preparation of civil judgments by courts across the county, guaranteeing uniform style, complete elements, integrated structure, appropriate detailed and concise writing, strict logic thinking, and accurate wording in the preparation of documents, and improving the document quality. | | 为指导全国法院民事裁判文书的制作，确保文书撰写做到格式统一、要素齐全、结构完整、繁简得当、逻辑严密、用语准确，提高文书质量，制定本规范。 |
| I. Basic Elements | | 一 基本要素 |
| A judgment consists of the headline, the main body, and the signatory. | | 文书由标题、正文、落款三部分组成。 |
| The headline includes the name of the court, the name of the judgment, and the case number. | | 标题包括法院名称、文书名称和案号。 |
| The main body includes the beginning, facts, grounds, judicial basis, main body of judgment, and tail. The beginning includes litigants and basic information on them, case context, and trial process; facts include claims, facts, and grounds of the parties, and evidence and facts identified by the people's court; grounds are analyses and comments on whether the claims of the parties are tenable according to the identified case facts and legal basis, with reasons stated; judicial basis refers to substantive law or procedural law based on which the people's court renders a judgment; the main body of judgment is the specific and complete handling decision on substantive or procedural issues of the case rendered by the people's court; and the tail includes the burden of litigation costs and notification matters. | | 正文包括首部、事实、理由、裁判依据、裁判主文、尾部。首部包括诉讼参加人及其基本情况，案件由来和审理经过等；事实包括当事人的诉讼请求、事实和理由，人民法院认定的证据及事实；理由是根据认定的案件事实和法律依据，对当事人的诉讼请求是否成立进行分析评述，阐明理由；裁判依据是人民法院作出裁判所依据的实体法和程序法条文；裁判主文是人民法院对案件实体、程序问题作出的明确、具体、完整的处理决定；尾部包括诉讼费用负担和告知事项。 |
| The signatory includes signature and date. | | 落款包括署名和日期。 |
| II. Headline | | 二 标题 |
| The headline consists of the name of the court, the name of the judgment, and the case number, for example, “xxxx People's Court (Civil Mediation Paper or Civil Ruling) + Case Number.” | | 标题由法院名称、文书名称和案号构成，例如：“××××人民法院民事判决书（民事调解书、民事裁定书）＋案号”。 |
| 1. Name of the court | | （一）法院名称 |
| The name of the court shall generally be consistent with characters on the official seal of the court. The name of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be added before a basic-level people's court or an intermediate people's court, unless it is a military court, maritime court, railway transport court, intellectual property court, or any other special people's court. | | 法院名称一般应与院印的文字一致。基层人民法院、中级人民法院名称前应冠以省、自治区、直辖市的名称，但军事法院、海事法院、铁路运输法院、知识产权法院等专门人民法院除外。 |
| For a foreign-related judgment, the country name, “the People's Republic of China,” shall generally be added before the name of the court; and if there is no foreigner, stateless person, or foreign company or organization among parties to the case, it is unnecessary to add “the People's Republic of China” before the name of the court in the headline of the judgment prepared by the local people's court or the special people's court. | | 涉外裁判文书，法院名称前一般应冠以“中华人民共和国”国名；案件当事人中如果没有外国人、无国籍人、外国企业或组织的，地方人民法院、专门人民法院制作的裁判文书标题中的法院名称无需冠以“中华人民共和国”。 |
| 2. Case number | | （二）案号 |
| A case number consists of the year of case acceptance, the court code, the type code, and the case code. | | 案号由收案年度、法院代字、类型代字、案件编号组成。 |
| Case number = “(” + Year of case acceptance + “)” + Court code + Type code + Case Code. | | 案号＝“（”＋收案年度＋“）”＋法院代字＋类型代字＋案件编号＋“号”。 |
| The preparation and use of a case number shall be governed by the Several Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Case Numbers of the People's Courts. | | 案号的编制、使用应根据《最高人民法院关于人民法院案件案号的若干规定》等执行。 |
| III. Main Body | | 三 正文 |
| 1. Basic information on the parties | | （一）当事人的基本情况 |
| (1) Basic information on the parties includes their litigation statuses and basic information. | | 1．当事人的基本情况包括：诉讼地位和基本信息。 |
| (2) Where any party is a natural person, his name, gender, birth date, nationality, profession or employer and position, and domicile shall be stated. Such identity items as name and gender shall be subject to those on the identity card or household register certificate. | | 2．当事人是自然人的，应当写明其姓名、性别、出生年月日、民族、职业或者工作单位和职务、住所。姓名、性别等身份事项以居民身份证、户籍证明为准。 |
| Where the profession or the employer and position of any party are unspecific, it is allowed to not state them. | | 当事人职业或者工作单位和职务不明确的，可以不表述。 |
| The domicile of any party shall be subject to the place of his household registration; where any party leaves the place of household registration and has a habitual residence, the habitual residence shall be the domicile of the party. If the domiciles of two successive parties have the same domicile, they shall be separately stated other than “the same domicile.” | | 当事人住所以其户籍所在地为准；离开户籍所在地有经常居住地的，经常居住地为住所。连续两个当事人的住所相同的，应当分别表述，不用“住所同上”的表述。 |
| (3) Where there is a legal representative or an authorized agent, the name, gender, profession or employer and position, and domicile thereof shall be stated in a new line behind the party, and the relationship between the legal representative or authorized agent and the party shall be stated in brackets behind the name. If the legal representative or authorized agent is an entity, the name of the entity and basic information on litigants shall be stated. | | 3．有法定代理人或指定代理人的，应当在当事人之后另起一行写明其姓名、性别、职业或工作单位和职务、住所，并在姓名后用括号注明其与当事人的关系。代理人为单位的，写明其名称及其参加诉讼人员的基本信息。 |
| (4) Where any party is a legal person, the name and domicile thereof shall be stated and the name and profession of the legal representative shall be stated in a new line. If any party is other organization, the name and domicile thereof shall be stated and the name and profession of the person-in-charge shall be stated in a new line. | | 4．当事人是法人的，写明名称和住所，并另起一行写明法定代表人的姓名和职务。当事人是其他组织的，写明名称和住所，并另起一行写明负责人的姓名和职务。 |
| Where any party is an individual industrial and commercial household, the name, gender, birth date, nationality, and domicile thereof shall be stated; if the individual industrial and commercial household has a trade name, the trade name registered on the business license shall be the party and basic information on the operator of the trade name shall be stated. | | 当事人是个体工商户的，写明经营者的姓名、性别、出生年月日、民族、住所；起有字号的，以营业执照上登记的字号为当事人，并写明该字号经营者的基本信息。 |
| Where any party is an individual partnership with a trade name, “partner of … (trade name)” shall be indicated in brackets behind the name of the party. | | 当事人是起字号的个人合伙的，在其姓名之后用括号注明“系……（写明字号）合伙人”。 |
| (5) The name of a legal person, other organization, an individual industrial and commercial household, or an individual partnership shall be stated in full name and subject to that recorded in the registration document. | | 5．法人、其他组织、个体工商户、个人合伙的名称应写全称，以其注册登记文件记载的内容为准。 |
| (6) The domicile of a legal person or other organization refers to the location of the major working body of the legal person or other organization; if the location of the major working body is unspecific, the place of registry of the legal person or other organization shall be the domicile. | | 6．法人或者其他组织的住所是指法人或者其他组织的主要办事机构所在地；主要办事机构所在地不明确的，法人或者其他组织的注册地或者登记地为住所。 |
| (7) Where any party is a foreign party, the translated Chinese name or title and the domicile thereof shall be stated and the foreign name or title and the domicile thereof shall be indicated in brackets. | | 7．当事人为外国人的，应当写明其经过翻译的中文姓名或者名称和住所，并用括号注明其外文姓名或者名称和住所。 |
| If any party is a foreign natural person, his nationality shall be indicated in full name. If the party is a stateless person, it shall also be so indicated. | | 外国自然人应当注明其国籍。国籍应当用全称。无国籍人，应当注明无国籍。 |
| For a resident from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, “resident from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,” “resident from Macao Special Administrative Region,” or “resident from Taiwan Region” shall be stated behind the name of such resident. | | 港澳台地区的居民在姓名后写明“香港特别行政区居民”“澳门特别行政区居民”或“台湾地区居民”。 |
| Such basic information as the name and gender of a foreign natural person shall be subject to the content recorded in his passport and other identity certificate; such basic information as the name and domicile of a foreign legal person or other organization shall be subject to the content recorded in its registration document. | | 外国自然人的姓名、性别等基本信息以其护照等身份证明文件记载的内容为准；外国法人或者其他组织的名称、住所等基本信息以其注册登记文件记载的内容为准。 |
| (8) The domicile of any party from Hong Kong, Macao, or Taiwan shall be labeled with “Hong Kong Special Administrative Region” or “Macao Special Administrative Region.” | | 8．港澳地区当事人的住所，应当冠以“香港特别行政区”“澳门特别行政区”。 |
| The domicile of any party from Taiwan Region shall be labeled with “Taiwan Region.” | | 台湾地区当事人的住所，应当冠以“台湾地区”。 |
| (9) Where any party has a former name, which is related to the case, the former name shall be indicated in the judgment in brackets behind the present name of the party. | | 9．当事人有曾用名，且该曾用名与本案有关联的，裁判文书在当事人现用名之后用括号注明曾用名。 |
| Where the name or title of any party is changed during litigation, the changed name or title shall be listed in the judgment and it is unnecessary to list the name or title before the change. The fact that the name or title has been changed shall be stated in the fact-finding. | | 诉讼过程中当事人姓名或名称变更的，裁判文书应当列明变更后的姓名或名称，变更前姓名或名称无需在此处列明。对于姓名或者名称变更的事实，在查明事实部分写明。 |
| (10) Where, during litigation, the successor of any party's rights and obligations participates in litigation, the litigation status shall be the litigation status it or he succeeds. In a judgment, the successor shall be the party; and the person whose rights and obligations being succeeded shall not be stated in the parties, but the fact of succession shall be stated in the case context. | | 10．诉讼过程中，当事人权利义务继受人参加诉讼的，诉讼地位从其承继的诉讼地位。裁判文书中，继受人为当事人；被继受人在当事人部分不写，在案件由来中写明继受事实。 |
| (11) Where, during litigation by representatives, there are numerous parties with representatives or parties registering rights, an attached list shall be adopted, for example, “plaintiff xxx and other xxx persons (for the list, see the Annex).” | | 11．在代表人诉讼中，被代表或者登记权利的当事人人数众多的，可以采取名单附后的方式表述，“原告×××等×人（名单附后）”。 |
| Where any party participates in litigation on itself or himself, its or his litigation status and basic information shall be stated. | | 当事人自行参加诉讼的，要写明其诉讼地位及基本信息。 |
| (12) The litigation status of any party shall be indicated before the name or title of the party, both of which are separated by a colon. A comma shall be added behind the name or title of the party. | | 12．当事人诉讼地位在前，其后写当事人姓名或者名称，两者之间用冒号。当事人姓名或者名称之后，用逗号。 |
| 2. Basic information on authorized agents ad litem | | （二）委托诉讼代理人的基本情况 |
| (1) Where any party authorizes an agent ad litem, “authorized agent ad litem” shall be stated in a new line behind the party and the name and other basic information of the authorized agent ad litem shall be stated. Where there are two authorized agents ad litem, they shall be separately stated in two paragraphs. | | 1．当事人有委托诉讼代理人的，应当在当事人之后另起一行写明为“委托诉讼代理人”，并写明委托诉讼代理人的姓名和其他基本情况。有两个委托诉讼代理人的，分行分别写明。 |
| (2) Where any party authorizes his close relative or the staff member of his employer to serve as the authorized agent ad litem, such close relative or staff member shall be listed in the first place, and the staff member of another employer or lawyer that is authorized as his agent ad litem shall be listed in the second place. | | 2．当事人委托近亲属或者本单位工作人员担任委托诉讼代理人的，应当列在第一位，委托外单位的人员或者律师等担任委托诉讼代理人的列在第二位。 |
| (3) Where any party authorizes a staff member of his employer to serve as the authorized agent ad litem, the name, gender, and the identity of the staff member shall be stated. The identity of the staff member may be described as “staff member of the employer (for example, company, institution, residents' committee, or factory).” | | 3．当事人委托本单位人员作为委托诉讼代理人的，写明姓名、性别及其工作人员身份。其身份信息可表述为“该单位（如公司、机构、委员会、厂等）工作人员”。 |
| (4) Where a lawyer or basic-level service worker serves as the authorized agent ad litem, the name of the lawyer or the legal service worker of the basic-level court, the name of the law firm with which the lawyer works, the name of the law firm, and the practicing qualification shall be stated. The identity information shall be described as “lawyer from xxx law firm” or “legal service worker from xxx legal service office.” Where legal aid is provided, information on legal aid shall be stated. | | 4．律师、基层法律服务工作者担任委托诉讼代理人的，写明律师、基层法院法律服务工作者的姓名，所在律师事务所的名称、法律服务所的名称及执业身份。其身份信息表述为“××律师事务所律师”“××法律服务所法律工作者”。属于提供法律援助的，应当写明法律援助情况。 |
| (5) Where the authorized agent ad litem is a close relative of any party, the relationship between the authorized agent ad litem and the party shall be indicated in brackets behind the name and the domicile thereof shall be stated. Where the agent ad litem is a citizen recommended by the community or employer of the party or other relevant social organization, the name, gender, and domicile of the agent ad litem shall be stated and the name of the recommending community, employer, or social organization shall be indicated behind the domicile. | | 5．委托诉讼代理人是当事人近亲属的，应当在姓名后用括号注明其与当事人的关系，写明住所。代理人是当事人所在社区、单位以及有关社会团体推荐的公民的，写明姓名、性别、住所，并在住所之后注明具体由何社区、单位、社会团体推荐。 |
| (6) Where there is any change in the authorized agent ad litem, only the changed authorized agent ad litem shall be listed in the beginning of the judgment. The fact of change in the authorized agent ad litem may be stated as required. | | 6．委托诉讼代理人变更的，裁判文书首部只列写变更后的委托诉讼代理人。对于变更的事实可根据需要写明。 |
| (7) A colon shall be added behind an authorized agent ad litem and then the name of the authorized agent ad litem shall be stated. A comma shall be used behind the name of an authorized agent ad litem. | | 7．委托诉讼代理人后用冒号，再写委托诉讼代理人姓名。委托诉讼代理人姓名后用逗号。 |
| 3. Litigation statuses of the parties | | （三）当事人的诉讼地位 |
| (1) The litigation statuses of the parties to a civil case of first instance shall be described as “plaintiff,” “defendant,” and “a third party,” with plaintiff being stated first, and then defendant and the third party. Where there are multiple plaintiffs, defendants, and third parties, they shall be stated in the sequence as listed in the written complaint. Parties that are not listed in the written complaint shall be stated in the time order in which they participate in litigation. | | 1．一审民事案件当事人的诉讼地位表述为“原告”“被告”和“第三人”。先写原告，后写被告，再写第三人。有多个原告、被告、第三人的，按照起诉状列明的顺序写。起诉状中未列明的当事人，按照参加诉讼的时间顺序写。 |
| Where a counter-claim is filed, plaintiff in the counter-claim and defendant in the counter-claim shall be indicated in brackets behind their titles in this lawsuit. Information on the counter-claim shall be stated in the case context and facts. | | 提出反诉的，需在本诉称谓后用括号注明反诉原告、反诉被告。反诉情况在案件由来和事实部分写明。 |
| (2) The litigation statuses of the parties to a civil case of second instance shall be described as “appellant,” “appellee,” “plaintiff of original trial,” “defendant of original trial,” and “third party of original trial.” Appellant shall be first stated and then appellee and other parties. Other parties shall be stated according to their litigation statuses and sequence in the original trial. Where appellee also appeals, it shall be listed as an “appellant.” | | 2．二审民事案件当事人的诉讼地位表述为“上诉人”“被上诉人”“第三人”“原审原告”“原审被告”“原审第三人”。先写上诉人，再写被上诉人，后写其他当事人。其他当事人按照原审诉讼地位和顺序写明。被上诉人也提出上诉的，列为“上诉人”。 |
| Behind appellant and appellee, their litigation statuses in original trial shall be indicated in brackets. | | 上诉人和被上诉人之后，用括号注明原审诉讼地位。 |
| (3) The litigation statuses of the parties to a civil case of retrial shall be described as “petitioner for retrial” and “respondent.” The litigation statuses of other parties shall be described according to their litigation statuses in the original trial. For example, if the first instance is final, they shall be listed as “plaintiff in original trial,” “defendant in original trial,” and “third party in original trial”; and if the second instance is final, they shall be listed as “appellant in second instance” and “appellee in second instance.” | | 3．再审民事案件当事人的诉讼地位表述为“再审申请人”“被申请人”。其他当事人按照原审诉讼地位表述，例如，一审终审的，列为“原审原告”“原审被告”“原审第三人”；二审终审的，列为“二审上诉人”“二审被上诉人”等。 |
| Behind the litigation statuses of petitioner for retrial, respondent, and other parties, their litigation statuses in first instance and second instances shall be indicated in brackets. | | 再审申请人、被申请人和其他当事人诉讼地位之后，用括号注明一审、二审诉讼地位。 |
| For a case of appeal for retrial (case of retrial procuratorial proposal), the appealing organ (organ putting forward retrial procuratorial proposal) and the litigation statuses of the petitioner and the respondent shall be stated. Basic information on personnel of the procuratorial organ appearing in court shall be stated in the case context. For a case where the procuratorial organ initiates the procedure according to its functions because the national interest or public interest is impaired, the litigation statuses of the parties in original trial shall be listed. | | 抗诉再审案件（再审检察建议案件），应当写明抗诉机关（再审检察建议机关）及申诉人与被申诉人的诉讼地位。案件由来部分写明检察机关出庭人员的基本情况。对于检察机关因国家利益、社会公共利益受损而依职权启动程序的案件，应列明当事人的原审诉讼地位。 |
| (4) For a case regarding withdrawal filed by a third party, the litigation statuses of the parties shall be described as “plaintiff,” “defendant,” and “a third party.” The litigation status of “defendant” in original trial shall be indicated in brackets behind “defendant”. | | 4．第三人撤销之诉案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“原告”“被告”“第三人”。“被告”之后用括号注明原审诉讼地位。 |
| (5) For a case regarding objection to enforcement, the litigation statuses of the parties shall be described as “plaintiff,” “defendant,” and “a third party,” and their litigation statuses in the procedure of objection to enforcement shall be indicated in brackets. | | 5．执行异议之诉案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“原告”“被告”“第三人”，并用括号注明当事人在执行异议程序中的诉讼地位。 |
| (6) For a case under special procedure, the litigation status of a party shall be described as “petitioner.” Where there is a respondent, it shall be so stated. | | 6．特别程序案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“申请人”。有被申请人的，应当写明被申请人。 |
| For a case regarding electoral qualification, the litigation status of a party shall be described as “plaintiff.” | | 选民资格案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“起诉人”。 |
| (7) For a case under procedure for urging debt repayment, the litigation statuses of the parties shall be described as “petitioner” and “respondent.” | | 7．督促程序案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“申请人”“被申请人”。 |
| For a case under procedure for announcement to urge declaration of claims, the litigation status of a party shall be described as “petitioner”; and if there is a right declarer, the litigation status thereof shall be described as “declarer.” For a case where an application is filed for withdrawing an invalidation judgment, the litigation statuses of the parties shall be described as “plaintiff” and “defendant.” | | 公示催告程序案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“申请人”；有权利申报人的，表述为“申报人”。申请撤销除权判决的案件，当事人表述为“原告”“被告”。 |
| (8) For a preservation case, the litigation statuses of the parties shall be described as “petitioner” and “respondent.” | | 8．保全案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“申请人”“被申请人”。 |
| (9) For a reconsideration case, the litigation statuses of the parties shall be described as “petitioner for reconsideration” and “respondent.” | | 9．复议案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“复议申请人”“被申请人”。 |
| (10) For an enforcement case or an enforcement implementation case, the litigation statuses of the parties shall be described as “petitioner for enforcement” and “respondent.” | | 10．执行案件，执行实施案件，当事人的诉讼地位表述为“申请执行人”“被执行人”。 |
| ．．．．．． | | ．．．．．． |
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