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Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Deepening the Reform of the Party and State Institutions [Effective]
中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】
 
  
  
Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Deepening the Reform of the Party and State Institutions 

中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定

(Adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on February 28, 2018) (2018年2月28日中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过)

For the purposes of implementing the decisions and arrangements at the 19th CPC National Congress in relation to deepening institutional reform, the 19th Central Committee deliberated the issue on deepening the reform of the party and state institutions and made the following decision at its Third Plenary Session. 为贯彻落实党的十九大关于深化机构改革的决策部署,十九届中央委员会第三次全体会议研究了深化党和国家机构改革问题,作出如下决定。
I. Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a profound change to boost the modernization of the nation's governance system and governance capability   一、深化党和国家机构改革是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的一场深刻变革
The functional system of the party and state institutions is an integral part of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and an important guarantee for the party's governance. In order to better the capability of governance and leadership of the party, extensively trigger the initiative, activism, and creativity of all involved, effectively govern the country and society, and further the development of the cause of the party and the country, the requirements in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era must be adapted to, and the reform of the party and state institutions shall be deepened. 党和国家机构职能体系是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分,是我们党治国理政的重要保障。提高党的执政能力和领导水平,广泛调动各方面积极性、主动性、创造性,有效治理国家和社会,推动党和国家事业发展,必须适应新时代中国特色社会主义发展要求,深化党和国家机构改革。
The CPC Central Committee has long attached great importance to building and reforming the party and state institutions. After the foundation of New China, under the leadership of the party, the country established basic socialist system and gradually set up the functional system of the party and state institutions with Chinese characteristics, which played a significant role for the party to govern the country and advance socialist building. Since the reform and opening up, in order to meet the needs of the change of the central work of the party and the state, the development of the socialist market economy, and the deepening of the work in all aspects, the party has vigorously stimulated the reform of the party and state institutions, continued to optimize and gradually standardize the institutional functions in all aspects, achieved a significant transition from the institutional function system under the conditions of planned economy to that under the conditions of socialist market economy, and promoted reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. 党中央历来高度重视党和国家机构建设和改革。新中国成立后,在我们党领导下,我国确立了社会主义基本制度,逐步建立起具有我国特点的党和国家机构职能体系,为我们党治国理政、推进社会主义建设发挥了重要作用。改革开放以来,适应党和国家工作中心转移、社会主义市场经济发展和各方面工作不断深入的需要,我们党积极推进党和国家机构改革,各方面机构职能不断优化、逐步规范,实现了从计划经济条件下的机构职能体系向社会主义市场经济条件下的机构职能体系的重大转变,推动了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping as the core has explicitly proposed that the overarching objective of comprehensively deepening the reform is to better and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and boost the modernization of the nation's governance system and governance capability. We have met the requirements for the all-inclusive advancement of the overall layout for "economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress" and the coordinated advancement of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, strengthened party leadership, insisted on a problem-oriented approach, highlighted critical fields, deepened the reform of the party and state institutions, made significant progress in some important fields and critical links, and provided forceful guarantees for historical achievements in the cause of the party and state and the happening of historical changes. 党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央明确提出,全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。我们适应统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的要求,加强党的领导,坚持问题导向,突出重点领域,深化党和国家机构改革,在一些重要领域和关键环节取得重大进展,为党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革提供了有力保障。
Currently, confronted with the new requirements brought by new era and new tasks, the setup and functions of the party and state institutions sufficiently satisfy neither the requirements of the all-inclusive advancement of the overall layout for "economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress" and the coordinated advancement of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy nor those of the modernization of the nation's governance system and governance capability. Specifically, in some fields, the setup and functions of the party are unsound and inefficient, and the systems and mechanisms guaranteeing overall party leadership and boosting full and strict governance over the party need ameliorating; there are relatively prominent problems of overlapping party and government agencies, similar duties, and mismatch between power and responsibilities in some fields; the setup and division of duties of some government institutions are not scientific, the problems of absent duties and inefficiency are easily seen, and governmental functions have not been effectively transformed; in some fields, the functions of local and central institutions are the same, and the division of power and responsibilities is not rational; the setup and power conferment of low-level institutions need refining, and the capability of organizing and serving the people needs further augmenting; the level of integrated military and civilian development needs lifting; people's groups and organizations need to strengthen their political consciousness, become more advanced, and better represent the people; such problems in public institutions as incorrect places, ambiguous functions, and inefficiency remain; in some fields, the checks and oversight mechanisms for the exercise of power are unsound, and power abusing, seeking private benefits by power, and other problems persist; and the scientific, standard, and statutory institutional setup is relatively lagging, and the mode of administration of institutional setup needs upgrading. Such problems must be resolved without delay. 当前,面对新时代新任务提出的新要求,党和国家机构设置和职能配置同统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的要求还不完全适应,同实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的要求还不完全适应。主要是:一些领域党的机构设置和职能配置还不够健全有力,保障党的全面领导、推进全面从严治党的体制机制有待完善;一些领域党政机构重叠、职责交叉、权责脱节问题比较突出;一些政府机构设置和职责划分不够科学,职责缺位和效能不高问题凸显,政府职能转变还不到位;一些领域中央和地方机构职能上下一般粗,权责划分不尽合理;基层机构设置和权力配置有待完善,组织群众、服务群众能力需要进一步提高;军民融合发展水平有待提高;群团组织政治性、先进性、群众性需要增强;事业单位定位不准、职能不清、效率不高等问题依然存在;一些领域权力运行制约和监督机制不够完善,滥用职权、以权谋私等问题仍然存在;机构编制科学化、规范化、法定化相对滞后,机构编制管理方式有待改进。这些问题,必须抓紧解决。
The party must accelerate the advancement of the modernization of the nation's governance system and governance capability and endeavor to form a more mature and better shaped socialist system with Chinese characteristics in order to better lead the people in carrying out the great struggle, building the great project, boosting the great cause, and realizing the great dream. That is a major task lying before the party. The new historical phase of China's development, the change of the principal contradiction of Chinese society, the completion of the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, the basic achievement of socialist modernization by 2035, and turning China into a great modern socialist country in every dimension by the 2050s urgently requests that, through scientific setup of institutions, reasonable allocation of functions, overall use of staffing, and improvement of systems and mechanisms, the market is allowed to play a decisive role in allocating resources, the government better plays its role, the development of all the causes of the party and the state is better furthered, the people's ever-growing needs for a better life are better satisfied, and the round development of human, full social progress, and common prosperity of the people shall be better promoted. 我们党要更好领导人民进行伟大斗争、建设伟大工程、推进伟大事业、实现伟大梦想,必须加快推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,努力形成更加成熟、更加定型的中国特色社会主义制度。这是摆在我们党面前的一项重大任务。我国发展新的历史方位,我国社会主要矛盾的变化,到二○二○年全面建成小康社会,到二○三五年基本实现社会主义现代化,到本世纪中叶全面建成社会主义现代化强国,迫切要求通过科学设置机构、合理配置职能、统筹使用编制、完善体制机制,使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用,更好推进党和国家各项事业发展,更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要,更好推动人的全面发展、社会全面进步、人民共同富裕。
In conclusion, deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is an invertible requirement of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, enhancing the building of the capabilities of the party's long-term governance, the self-improvement and development of the socialist system, and achieving the Two Centenary Goals, building a modern socialist country, and accomplishing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The whole party must unify its thought, develop unshakable confidence, seize opportunities, and, over the course of comprehensively deepening the reform, resolve to remove the barriers and defects in the functional system of the party and state institutions, so as to better make use of the advantages of China's socialist system. 总之,深化党和国家机构改革,是新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必然要求,是加强党的长期执政能力建设的必然要求,是社会主义制度自我完善和发展的必然要求,是实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、建设社会主义现代化国家、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求。全党必须统一思想、坚定信心、抓住机遇,在全面深化改革进程中,下决心解决党和国家机构职能体系中存在的障碍和弊端,更好发挥我国社会主义制度优越性。
II. Guiding ideology, objectives, and principles   二、深化党和国家机构改革的指导思想、目标、原则
In order to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress must be comprehensively implemented, the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, important thoughts of "Three Represents," Scientific Development Outlook, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in a New Era shall be adhered to, the requirements of the development of the socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era shall be met, the general work keynote of seeking progress while maintaining stability shall be adhered to, correct reform direction, a people-centered approach shall be adhered to, the comprehensive rule of law shall be adhered to, strengthening the overall party leadership shall be regarded as the overarching principle, the modernization of the nation's governance system and governance capability shall be regarded as the guide, the promotion of functional optimization, collaboration, and efficiency of party and state institutions as the focus shall be regarded as the focus, the organizational structure shall be reformed, function allocation shall be optimized, the transformation of functions, modes and work styles shall be deepened, efficiency and effectiveness shall be improved, and powerful institutional guarantees for securing a victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and accomplishing the Chinese Dream of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation shall be provided. 深化党和国家机构改革,必须全面贯彻党的十九大精神,坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,适应新时代中国特色社会主义发展要求,坚持稳中求进工作总基调,坚持正确改革方向,坚持以人民为中心,坚持全面依法治国,以加强党的全面领导为统领,以国家治理体系和治理能力现代化为导向,以推进党和国家机构职能优化协同高效为着力点,改革机构设置,优化职能配置,深化转职能、转方式、转作风,提高效率效能,为决胜全面建成小康社会、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供有力制度保障。
The objectives of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions are to develop a systematic, sound, scientific, standard, and efficient functional system of party and state institutions, form a party leadership system providing overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all involved, a government governance system featuring defined duties and law-based government administration, a world top armed forces system with unique Chinese characteristics, and a people's groups work system with extensive connection and serving the people, promote people's congresses, the government, the committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ("CPPCC"), supervisory authorities, adjudicative authorities, procuratorial authorities, people's groups, enterprises and public institutions, and social organizations, among others, in coordinating efforts and better joining forces under unified party leadership, and fully improve or raise the nation's governance capability and governance level. 深化党和国家机构改革,目标是构建系统完备、科学规范、运行高效的党和国家机构职能体系,形成总揽全局、协调各方的党的领导体系,职责明确、依法行政的政府治理体系,中国特色、世界一流的武装力量体系,联系广泛、服务群众的群团工作体系,推动人大、政府、政协、监察机关、审判机关、检察机关、人民团体、企事业单位、社会组织等在党的统一领导下协调行动、增强合力,全面提高国家治理能力和治理水平。
In deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, based on the accomplishment of the first Centenary Goal, in light of prominent contradictions, priorities shall be grasped, weakness shall be fixed, shortness shall be compensated, and risks shall be prevented, so as to provide guarantees for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the functions of the party and state institutions; and with an eye to accomplishing the second Centenary Goal, attention shall be paid to resolve the issues on systems and mechanism relevant to the future, the foundations shall be laid, pillars shall be erected, and architecture shall be fixed, so as to create favorable conditions for a more sound socialist system with Chinese characteristics to take shape. 深化党和国家机构改革,既要立足于实现第一个百年奋斗目标,针对突出矛盾,抓重点、补短板、强弱项、防风险,从党和国家机构职能上为决胜全面建成小康社会提供保障;又要着眼于实现第二个百年奋斗目标,注重解决事关长远的体制机制问题,打基础、立支柱、定架构,为形成更加完善的中国特色社会主义制度创造有利条件。
The reform of the party and state institutions shall be deepened according to the following principles. 深化党和国家机构改革,要遵循以下原则。
—Adhering to overall party leadership. Overall party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for deepening the reform of the party and state institutions. The direction of socialism with Chinese characteristics must be adhered to, the consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment shall be heightened, the confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics shall be boosted, the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping as the core shall be firmly defended, the Central Committee shall be voluntarily and closely followed in terms of our thinking, political orientation, and actions, party leadership over all work shall be augmented in all the aspects and process of reform, the institutional arrangements ensuring overall party leadership shall be refined, the way the party exercises leadership and governance shall be bettered, and the party's ability and resolve to chart our course, craft overall plans, design policy, and promote reform shall be enhanced. --坚持党的全面领导。党的全面领导是深化党和国家机构改革的根本保证。必须坚持中国特色社会主义方向,增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识,坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信,坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导,自觉在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致,把加强党对一切工作的领导贯穿改革各方面和全过程,完善保证党的全面领导的制度安排,改进党的领导方式和执政方式,提高党把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革的能力和定力。
—2. Committing to a people-centered approach. Wholeheartedly serving the people is the fundamental purpose of the party, and it is the motivation and destination of all the work of the party to effectively realize, safeguard, and develop the foundational interests of all the people. The principal position of the people must be upheld, the party's commitment to serving the public good and exercising power in the interests of the people shall be adhered to, the mass line of the party shall be carried out, the institutional system through which the people run the country shall be improved, and the systems and mechanisms for seeking benefits for the people, acting for the people, relieving the anxiety of the people, hearing the people's voice, and accepting the people's oversight shall be refined, so as to provide more forceful guarantees for the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural causes, and social affairs. --坚持以人民为中心。全心全意为人民服务是党的根本宗旨,实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益是党的一切工作的出发点和落脚点。必须坚持人民主体地位,坚持立党为公、执政为民,贯彻党的群众路线,健全人民当家作主制度体系,完善为民谋利、为民办事、为民解忧、保障人民权益、倾听人民心声、接受人民监督的体制机制,为人民依法管理国家事务、管理经济文化事业、管理社会事务提供更有力的保障。
—Adhering to optimization, collaboration and efficiency. Optimization means soundness and a match between power and responsibility, collaboration means centralization alongside delegation and priorities, and efficiency means effective fulfillment of duties and smooth process. A problem-centered approach must be adhered to, the needs of development, low-level expectations, and the public wish shall come into focus, the setup and functional allocation of the party and state institutions shall be optimized, it shall be adhered to that a classification of matters are administered by one authority in principle and that one thing shall be placed under the administration of one authority in principle, the cooperation and interaction among relevant institutions shall be intensified, chaotic polices, ambiguous responsibilities, and buck passing shall be avoided, and determination shall be made to remove the defects in the systems and mechanism restricting reform and development, so as to make the setup of party and state institutions more scientific, functions more optimized, power and responsibilities more synergistic, supervision and regulation more forceful, and operation more efficient. --坚持优化协同高效。优化就是要科学合理、权责一致,协同就是要有统有分、有主有次,高效就是要履职到位、流程通畅。必须坚持问题导向,聚焦发展所需、基层所盼、民心所向,优化党和国家机构设置和职能配置,坚持一类事项原则上由一个部门统筹、一件事情原则上由一个部门负责,加强相关机构配合联动,避免政出多门、责任不明、推诿扯皮,下决心破除制约改革发展的体制机制弊端,使党和国家机构设置更加科学、职能更加优化、权责更加协同、监督监管更加有力、运行更加高效。
—Adhering to comprehensive law-based governance. Comprehensive law-based governance is the basic means for the party to lead the people in governing the country. The equal emphasis on and mutual promotion of reform and the rule of law must be adhered to, the coordinated advancement of law-based governance, law-based exercise of state power, law-based government administration shall be adhered to, the integrated development of rule of law for the country, the government, and society shall be adhered to, the functions of the party and state institutions shall be improved in accordance with the laws and regulations, duties shall be fulfilled according to the law, institutions and staffing shall be administered as legally required, and while the rule of law plays its role in regulating and guaranteeing reform to boost the reform under the rule of law and ensure that material reform has a legal basis, the work on the rule of law shall be strengthened through the reform to ensure that the rule of law is improved and heightened in the reform. --坚持全面依法治国。依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方式。必须坚持改革和法治相统一、相促进,坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进,坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设,依法依规完善党和国家机构职能,依法履行职责,依法管理机构和编制,既发挥法治规范和保障改革的作用,在法治下推进改革,做到重大改革于法有据,又通过改革加强法治工作,做到在改革中完善和强化法治。
III. Refining the regimes for adhering to overall party leadership.   三、完善坚持党的全面领导的制度
The Party exercises overall leadership over all areas of endeavor in every part of the country. It is the primary task for deepening the reform of the party and state institutions to strengthen the party leadership over the work in all aspects. The organizational structure of the party shall be optimized to ensure pervasive party leadership and firmer and more forceful party leadership. 党政军民学,东西南北中,党是领导一切的。加强党对各领域各方面工作领导,是深化党和国家机构改革的首要任务。要优化党的组织机构,确保党的领导全覆盖,确保党的领导更加坚强有力。
1. Establishing and improving the systems and mechanisms for party leadership over significant work. In order to strengthen overall party leadership, the centralized and unified party leadership over the significant work affecting the big picture of the causes of the party and the state shall be first augmented. The decision-making coordination institutions of the CPC Central Committee shall conduct work under the leadership of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and its Standing Committee. The decision-making coordination institutions of the CPC Central Committee shall be optimized to take charge of the top design, general layout, overall coordination, and overall advancement of significant work. Party leadership over deepening reform, law-based governance, economy, agriculture and rural affairs, discipline inspection and supervision, organization, publicity, thought, culture, national security, political and legal affairs, united front work, ethnic groups and religion, education, science and technology, cyberspace administration, diplomacy, audit, and other work shall be strengthened and optimized. Other coordination institutions in other aspects shall be linked to the setup and adjustment of the decision-making coordination institutions of the CPC Central Committee to ensure the authority and work efficiency of the CPC Central Committee. The party committees (party groups) in all regions and of all authorities shall adhere to rule-based governance over the party, corresponding systems and mechanisms shall be improved, and the capabilities of coordination shall be enhanced, so as to effectively implement the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. (一)建立健全党对重大工作的领导体制机制。加强党的全面领导,首先要加强党对涉及党和国家事业全局的重大工作的集中统一领导。党中央决策议事协调机构在中央政治局及其常委会领导下开展工作。优化党中央决策议事协调机构,负责重大工作的顶层设计、总体布局、统筹协调、整体推进。加强和优化党对深化改革、依法治国、经济、农业农村、纪检监察、组织、宣传思想文化、国家安全、政法、统战、民族宗教、教育、科技、网信、外交、审计等工作的领导。其他方面的议事协调机构,要同党中央决策议事协调机构的设立调整相衔接,保证党中央令行禁止和工作高效。各地区各部门党委(党组)要坚持依规治党,完善相应体制机制,提升协调能力,把党中央各项决策部署落到实处。
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