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| Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting Closer Civil-Military Integration in the National Defense Science and Technology Industry | | 國務院辦公廳關于推動國防科技工業軍民融合深度發展的意見 |
| (No. 91 [2017] of the General Office of the State Council) | | （國辦發〔2017〕91號） |
| The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; and all ministries and commissions of the State Council, and all institutions directly under the State Council: | | 各省、自治區、直轄市人民政府，國務院各部委、各直屬機構： |
| The national defense science and technology industry is a key area in the development of civil-military integration (“CMI”), and an important component in the implementation of the CMI strategy. It plays a significant role in improving the quality of defense-related science and technology industry with Chinese characteristics, supporting the construction of armed forces for national defense, promoting the progress of science and technology, and serving the economic and social development. Now and for some time to come, CMI is facing and will face the opportunities of strategic importance; and it will evolve from initial integration to closer integration, and then to more rapid development. Hence, there are enormous potentials for CMI in the national defense science and technology industry. To promote deeper integration between military and civilians, the Opinions are hereby offered as follows with the consent of the State Council: | | 國防科技工業是軍民融合發展的重點領域，是實施軍民融合發展戰略的重要組成部分，對提升中國特色先進國防科技工業水平、支撐國防軍隊建設、推動科學技術進步、服務經濟社會發展具有重要意義。當前和今後一個時期是軍民融合發展的戰略機遇期，也是軍民融合由初步融合向深度融合過渡、進而實現跨越發展的關鍵期，國防科技工業領域軍民融合潛力巨大。為推動國防科技工業軍民融合深度發展，經國務院同意，現提出以下意見： |
| I. General requirements | | 一、總體要求 |
| 1. Guiding ideology | | （一）指導思想。 |
| Efforts shall be made to comprehensively fulfill the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress; uphold the guidelines of Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; earnestly implement the policies and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; coordinate the efforts to promote the “five-sphere integrated plan” and the “four-pronged comprehensive strategy”; stand firm and remain committed to the new development concept; focus on real problems and key areas under the guidance of the CMI strategy; improve policies and regulations and implement the reform measures; push forward the establishment of a scientific research and production system for weaponry and equipment that integrates military with civilian purposes and combines military with civilian efforts; allow military and civilian resources to share and support each other and be effectively commercialized; promote closer integration of military and civilian forces in national defense science and technology industry; and establish a leading system of defense-related science and technology industry with Chinese characteristics. | | 全面貫徹落實黨的十九大精神，堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，認真落實黨中央、國務院決策部署，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局和協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，牢固樹立和貫徹落實新發展理念，以軍民融合發展戰略為引領，突出問題導向，聚焦重點領域，完善政策法規，落實改革舉措，推進軍民結合、寓軍于民的武器裝備科研生產體系建設，實現軍民資源互通共享和相互支撐、有效轉化，推動國防科技工業軍民融合深度發展，建設中國特色先進國防科技工業體系。 |
| 2. Basic principles | | （二）基本原則。 |
| - State-led and market-based: strengthening the CMI policy guidance and system innovation in the national defense science and technology industry, improving relevant policies and breaking down industrial barriers, and supporting the exchange and sharing of military and civilian resources under the unified leadership of the Central Government; maximizing the role of market in resource allocation, stimulating the vitality of various market players, promoting fair competition, pursuing the rule of choosing superior over inferior, encouraging technological progress and industrial development, and accelerating the endeavor to bring into place an all-element, multi-domain and cost-efficient pattern of CMI. | | --國家主導，市場運作。在中央統一領導下，加強國防科技工業軍民融合政策引導、制度創新，健全完善政策，打破行業壁壘，推動軍民資源互通共享。充分發揮市場在資源配置中的作用，激發各類市場主體活力，推動公平競爭，實現優勝劣汰，促進技術進步和產業發展，加快形成全要素、多領域、高效益的軍民融合深度發展格局。 |
| - Problem-oriented and pragmatic: working to remove the barriers to closer CMI in the defense-related science and technology industry, revolving around the key areas such as “use of military efforts for civilian purposes” and “civilian participation in military initiatives”, commercialization of technologies for both military and civilian purposes, and sharing of resources between military and civilian enterprises, focusing on major difficult problems of profound significance, and promoting a wider scope, a higher level and a deeper range of CMI development. | | --問題導向，務求實效。針對制約國防科技工業軍民融合深度發展的障礙，圍繞“軍轉民”、“民參軍”、軍民兩用技術產業化、軍民資源互通共享等重點領域，突出解決深層次和重點、難點問題，向更廣範圍、更高層次、更深程度推動軍民融合發展。 |
| - Collaborative and step-by-step: maximizing the role of relevant departments and local governments, mobilizing the efforts of multiple entities, such as military industrial group companies, military scientific research institutes, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, universities, private enterprises and other civilian-run entities, and forming a strong combined force with close cooperation among all parties concerned; attaching great importance to policy coordination, and promoting the implementation of policies one by one in an orderly manner. | | --協同推進，成熟先行。充分發揮有關部門和地方政府作用，調動軍工集團公司、軍隊科研單位和中科院、高等學校以及包括民營企業在內的其他民口單位等多方面積極性，形成各方密切合作、協同推進的強大合力。注重政策統籌協調，有序推進，成熟一項、落實一項。 |
| II. Opening up wider in the military industry | | 二、進一步擴大軍工開放 |
| 3. Promoting the structural adjustment in the scientific research and production of military products: breaking down the boundaries between military and civilian-run enterprises without considering their ownership structure, developing plans for the structural adjustment in the scientific research and production of military products, managing the scientific research and production capabilities of the entire society by categories, and establishing an open and specialized scientific research and production system for weapons and equipment with a few military enterprises as the core and a large number of civilian enterprises as the partners; allowing the state government to control the core capabilities; maximizing the role of state guidance and market system in key capabilities, encouraging competition, and supporting excellent and outstanding enterprises; and allowing a fully open and competitive environment for general capabilities. | | （三）推動軍品科研生產能力結構調整。打破軍工和民口界限，不分所有制性質，制定軍品科研生產能力結構調整方案，對全社會軍品科研生產能力進行分類管理，形成小核心、大協作、專業化、開放型武器裝備科研生產體系。核心能力由國家主導；重要能力發揮國家主導和市場機制作用，促進競爭，擇優扶強；一般能力完全放開，充分競爭。 |
| 4. Expanding cooperation between military and civilian enterprises: including the ratio of military products purchased from other enterprises and the ratio of products made by civilian enterprises in military industrial group companies as part of the statistics of the national defense science and technology industry; further improving the assessment indicator system for military enterprises, and further promoting the development of civilian products and the commercialization of technological achievements in the military industry; and regulating the efforts of military industrial group companies in acquiring civilian manufacturers of military products, preventing monopoly and unfair competition, and maintaining a good market competition order. | | （四）擴大軍工單位外部協作。將軍工集團公司軍品外部配套率、民口配套率納入國防科技工業統計。進一步完善軍工企業考核指標體系，在保障國家戰略、國防安全和完成重大專項任務的前提下，進一步推進民品開發和軍工科技成果轉化。規範軍工集團公司對民口軍品配套單位的收購行為，避免壟斷和不公平競爭，維護市場良性競爭秩序。 |
| 5. Actively encouraging private investors to participate in the shareholding reform of military enterprises: revising the catalogue for guiding the shareholding reform of military enterprises by categories, dividing military enterprises into wholly state-owned enterprises, absolutely state-controlled enterprises, relatively state-controlled enterprises, and state holding enterprises, and supporting various qualified investors in participating in the shareholding reform of military enterprises under the premise of ensuring security and confidentiality except for certain special areas, such as strategic weapons; actively and steadily promoting the mixed ownership reform of military enterprise, encouraging qualified military enterprises to go public or inject military assets in listed companies, establishing a system of independent directors in military enterprises, and exploring the establishment of a special national management stock system according to the requirements for better governance, improved incentives, highlighted principal businesses and increased efficiency; and maximizing the exemplary role of the pilot program of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises, and promoting the relevant experiences. | | （五）積極引入社會資本參與軍工企業股份制改造。修訂軍工企業股份制改造分類指導目錄，科學劃分軍工企業國有獨資、國有絕對控股、國有相對控股、國有參股等控制類別，除戰略武器等特殊領域外，在確保安全保密的前提下，支持符合要求的各類投資主體參與軍工企業股份制改造。按照完善治理、強化激勵、突出主業、提高效率的要求，積極穩妥推動軍工企業混合所有制改革，鼓勵符合條件的軍工企業上市或將軍工資產注入上市公司，建立軍工獨立董事制度，探索建立國家特殊管理股制度。充分發揮國有企業混合所有制改革試點示範帶動作用，及時推廣相關經驗。 |
| 6. Improving the access and exit system for scientific research and production of weaponry and equipment: intensifying the reform of “simplification of administrative procedures, devolution of powers, combination of devolution and regulation, and optimization of services”, and promoting the construction of an access and exit system that is scientific, well-organized, secure and efficient; improving the dynamic adjustment system for the access and exit of scientific research and equipment of weapons and equipment, narrowing and optimizing the scope of license management, reducing the number of license items, and regulating the exit standards and processes; conducting joint examination on the scientific research and production license of weaponry and equipment as well as the qualification examination system for weaponry and equipment manufacturers, and promoting the integration of multiple certificates; regulating the classification, bidding and tendering activities for the scientific research and production of weapons and equipment, and no longer including non-state secret issues in the scope of an administrative license such as confidentiality qualification certification; and, for a project of scientific research and production of weaponry and equipment the manufacturer of which is not required to have a qualification, not taking the confidentiality qualification as a condition for biding and tendering activities. | | （六）完善武器裝備科研生產准入退出機制。加大“放管服”改革力度，推進科學規範、安全高效的准入退出制度建設。健全武器裝備科研生產准入退出動態調整機制，精簡優化許可管理範圍，減少許可項目數量，規範退出標准和流程。實行武器裝備科研生產許可與武器裝備承制單位資格兩證聯合審查，推進多證融合。規範武器裝備科研生產定密和招投標工作，凡不屬于國家秘密事項的，不再納入保密資格認定等行政許可範圍；凡不需要承制單位具有保密資格的武器裝備科研生產項目，不得將保密資格作為招投標條件。 |
| 7. Encouraging competition in the scientific research and production of weaponry and equipment: meeting the requirements for purchasing competitive equipment, promoting the establishment of a combined system of system integrators, professional contractors and market suppliers, supporting the competition among sub-systems and auxiliary products, and clarifying the rules and requirements for all enterprises to purchase subsystems and auxiliary products; and improving the pricing policies of military products and the tax policies, creating a fair competition environment, and encouraging more competitive and intending civilian entities to participate in the competition in scientific research and production of weaponry and equipment. | | （七）推進武器裝備科研生產競爭。適應競爭性裝備采購要求，推動系統集成商、專業承包商、市場供應商體系建設，推進分系統及配套產品競爭，明確細化總體單位開展分系統和配套產品采購的規則要求。改進完善軍品價格和稅收政策，營造公平競爭環境，引導更多有優勢、有意願的民口單位參與武器裝備科研生產競爭。 |
| III. Strengthening the sharing of resources and collaboration between military and civilian enterprises | | 三、加強軍民資源共享和協同創新 |
| 8. Encouraging two-way opening and sharing of resources, such as technology innovation centers, equipment and facilities: further promoting the optimization, layout and construction of key laboratories for national defense science and technology, national defense key discipline laboratories, and innovation centers for national defense science and technology, and supporting the opening and sharing of innovation centers and laboratories by categories; strengthening the coordination of civilian entities in building technology innovation bases, encouraging the sharing of technology innovation resources, such as national laboratories and national key laboratories, releasing the list and catalogue of shared innovation centers, equipment and facilities, and developing administrative measures for opening and sharing resources; and gradually adding the equipment and facilities for national defense scientific research to the online management platform of national scientific research instruments and facilities, and increasing the level of opening and sharing under the premise of ensuring the security of state secrets. | | （八）推動科技創新基地和設備設施等資源雙向開放共享。面向國防建設和經濟建設兩個需求，進一步推動國防科技重點實驗室、國防重點學科實驗室、國防科技工業創新中心優化布局與建設，並分類推進開放共享。加強民口科技創新基地建設統籌，促進國家實驗室、國家重點實驗室等科技創新資源共享，發布開放目錄清單，制定開放共享管理辦法。在確保國家秘密安全的前提下，逐步將國防科研設備設施納入統一的國家科研儀器設施網絡管理平台，提升開放共享水平。 |
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