Opinions of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council Concerning Several Policies on Promoting the Increase of Farmers' Income

Opinions of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council Concerning Several Policies on Promoting the Increase of Farmers' Income [Effective]

中共中央、国务院关于促进农民增加收入若干政策的意见 [现行有效]

【法宝引证码】

Issuing authority： State Council
Document Number： No. 1[1985] of the Central Committee of the CPC
Date issued： 12-31-2003
Effective date: 12-31-2003
Area of Law:Agriculture


Opinions of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council Concerning Several Policies on Promoting the Increase of Farmers' Income (December 31, 2003) Under the guidance of the spirit of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the localities and departments, in accordance with the requirements of the Central Committee of the CPC, made greater efforts in solving the problems of rural areas, farmers and agriculture ("three agriculture-related" problems), resisted the serious impact of SARS, overcame the serious influence of frequent occurrence of various natural disasters, and realized the steady adjustment of agricultural structure, the steady development of rural economy, steady progress of the reform of rural areas, steady increase of farmers' income, and the stability of the rural society in the year of 2003. At the same time, we shall keep a sober mind that there still exist many conflicts and problems in the development of agriculture and rural areas, especially the difficulty in increasing farmers' income. The pace of increase of the per capita net income of farmers of the whole country has been slow for several consecutive years, the increase rate of the income of farmers of the major food production areas is lower than the average level of the whole country, the income of some pure farmer households has not been increased or even has declined, and the income gap between urban residents and rural residents has been expanding. If the income of farmers can not be increased in the long run, not only the increase of living standard of farmers, but also the food production and agricultural product supply will be affected; not only the development of the economic development of the rural areas, but also the increase of the whole national economy will be hindered; not only the social advancement of the rural areas, but also the realization of the objective of all-around construction a well-off society is concerned; and the problem is not only a significant economic issue but also a significant political one. The whole party must, from the perspective of implementing the important thought of "Three Represents" and of achieving, maintaining, and developing the fundamental interests of the mass farmers, further enhance the sense of urgency and the initiative in the work of increasing farmers' income. The difficulty in increasing farmers' income at the present phase is a realistic reflection of the profound change of the internal and external environment of agriculture and rural areas, and it's also a concentrated reflection of various deep conflicts accumulated for a long time in respect of the urban-rural dual structure. Against the background that the restrictions on the market of agricultural products are strengthened and the sources of farmers' income are diversified, we must have a new line of thought to promote the increase of farmers' income, take comprehensive measures and have a great change in terms of development strategy, economic system, policies and measures, and work mechanisms. The overall requirements with respect to the work of increasing farmers' income at the present time and for the near future are as follows: the party committees and governments at various levels shall earnestly implement the spirit of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, firmly establish scientific ideas of development, comply with the requirements of the overall plan of economic and social development of urban and rural areas, stick to the principles of "granting more, collecting less, and enhancing flexibility", adjust the structure of agriculture, increase jobs for farmers, accelerate the advancement of science and technology, deepen the reform of rural areas, increase inputs for agriculture, reinforce support and protection of agriculture, strive to achieve relatively fast increase of farmers' income, and change as soon as possible the expansion tendency in the gap between the income of urban residents and rural residents.		中共中央、国务院关于促进农民增加收入若干政策的意见（中发[2004]1号　2003年12月31日）在党的十六大精神指引下，2003年各地区各部门按照中央的要求，加大了解决“三农”问题的力度，抵御住了突如其来非典疫情的严重冲击，克服了多种自然灾害频繁发生的严重影响，实现了农业结构稳步调整，农村经济稳步发展，农村改革稳步推进，农民收入稳步增加，农村社会继续保持稳定。同时，应当清醒地看到，当前农业和农村发展中还存在着许多矛盾和问题，突出的是农民增收困难。全国农民人均纯收入连续多年增长缓慢，粮食主产区农民收入增长幅度低于全国平均水平，许多纯农户的收入持续徘徊甚至下降，城乡居民收入差距仍在不断扩大。农民收入长期上不去，不仅影响农民生活水平提高，而且影响粮食生产和农产品供给；不仅制约农村经济发展，而且制约整个国民经济增长；不仅关系农村社会进步，而且关系全面建设小康社会目标的实现；不仅是重大的经济问题，而且是重大的政治问题。全党必须从贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，实现好、维护好、发展好广大农民群众根本利益的高度，进一步增强做好农民增收工作的紧迫感和主动性。现阶段农民增收困难，是农业和农村内外部环境发生深刻变化的现实反映，也是城乡二元结构长期积累的各种深层次矛盾的集中反映。在农产品市场约束日益增强、农民收入来源日趋多元化的背景下，促进农民增收必须有新思路，采取综合性措施，在发展战略、经济体制、政策措施和工作机制上有一个大的转变。当前和今后一个时期做好农民增收工作的总体要求是：各级党委和政府要认真贯彻十六大和十六届三中全会精神，牢固树立科学发展观，按照统筹城乡经济社会发展的要求，坚持“多予、少取、放活”的方针，调整农业结构，扩大农民就业，加快科技进步，深化农村改革，增加农业投入，强化对农业支持保护，力争实现农民收入较快增长，尽快扭转城乡居民收入差距不断扩大的趋势。
I. Efforts shall be concentrated on supporting the development of food industry of the major food production areas, and to promote the increase of the food-producing farmers' income		一、集中力量支持粮食主产区发展粮食产业，促进种粮农民增加收入
1) The building of food production capacity of the major food production areas shall be strengthened. At the present time, the problem is especially prominent that the efficacy of food production is low and it's difficult to increase the farmers' income of the major food production areas, powerful and effective measures must be taken to solve this problem. The key point of increase of farmers' income will be caught if the problem of increasing the income of food-producing farmers is solved; the fundamental base for food production will be enhanced if the initiative of the farmers to produce food is motivated; and the food conditions of the whole country will be stabilized if the food production capacity of the major food production areas is protected and enhanced. As of 2004, the state will implement projects of high-quality food industry, in which some large food-producing counties and state-owned farms that have the necessary foundation and potential will be selected to construct a group of state bases of high-quality and special food with concentrated strength. Support shall be granted to the major food production areas, especially food production areas in the middle part of China, to construct basic farmland with guaranteed yield notwithstanding drought or water-logging and with stable and high yield. The scale of fertile soil projects shall be expanded, thus to enhance the quality of the tillable land. More efforts shall be made in the projects of proliferation of good varieties and of prevention of plant diseases and insect pests for major types of food, the capacity of technology integration shall be strengthened, and support shall be granted by priority to the major food production areas in spreading a group of good varieties and advanced applicable technologies that have significant influence. Centering on the basic construction of farmland, the construction of small-and medium-scale irrigation facilities shall be accelerated, the effective irrigation area of farmland shall be expanded, and the capacity of lightening water-logging and fighting droughts shall be enhanced. The level of agricultural mechanization shall be improved, and subsidies shall be granted for the purchase and replacement of large agricultural machines by individual farmers, employees of farms, agricultural machinery specialists, and agricultural machinery service organizations directly engaging in agricultural production.		（一）加强主产区粮食生产能力建设。当前种粮效益低、主产区农民增收困难的问题尤为突出，必须采取切实有力的措施，尽快加以解决。抓住了种粮农民的增收问题，就抓住了农民增收的重点；调动了农民的种粮积极性，就抓住了粮食生产的根本；保护和提高了主产区的粮食生产能力，就稳住了全国粮食的大局。从2004年起，国家将实施优质粮食产业工程，选择一部分有基础、有潜力的粮食大县和国有农场，集中力量建设一批国家优质专用粮食基地。要着力支持主产区特别是中部粮食产区重点建设旱涝保收、稳产高产基本农田。扩大沃土工程实施规模，不断提高耕地质量。加强大宗粮食作物良种繁育、病虫害防治工程建设，强化技术集成能力，优先支持主产区推广一批有重大影响的优良品种和先进适用技术。围绕农田基本建设，加快中小型水利设施建设，扩大农田有效灌溉面积，提高排涝和抗旱能力。提高农业机械化水平，对农民个人、农场职工、农机专业户和直接从事农业生产的农机服务组织购置和更新大型农机具给予一定补贴。
2) Support shall be given to the major food production areas to carry out food transformation and processing. The major food production areas shall, relying on their advantages in food production, promote the increase of farmers' income and development of regional economy, and shall expand and strengthen the food industry according to the market demands. The abundant feedstuff resources of the major food production areas shall be fully utilized to actively develop stock raising industry in agricultural areas, such methods as small loans, interest subsidies, and insurance services shall be employed to support the farmers and enterprises to purchase good varieties of domestic animals and fowls and to proliferate those good varieties, thus to drive the appreciation of food value through development of breeding industry. The layout of agricultural product processing industry shall be directed to be reasonable in accordance with the requirements of the industrial policies of the state, the major food production areas shall be supported to develop the agricultural products processing industry of which the major raw materials are food, and the emphasis shall be put on the development of deep processing. The state shall, through such measures as interest subsidies for technology reform loans, investment and shareholding, and tax policies, etc., support the major food production areas to establish and reconstruct a group of large agricultural products processing enterprises, seed selling enterprises, and agricultural scientific and technological enterprises.		（二）支持主产区进行粮食转化和加工。主产区要立足粮食优势促进农民增加收入、发展区域经济，并按照市场需求，把粮食产业做大做强。充分利用主产区丰富的饲料资源，积极发展农区畜牧业，通过小额贷款、贴息补助、提供保险服务等形式，支持农民和企业购买优良畜禽、繁育良种，通过发展养殖业带动粮食增值。按照国家产业政策要求，引导农产品加工业合理布局，扶持主产区发展以粮食为主要原料的农产品加工业，重点是发展精深加工。国家通过技改贷款贴息、投资参股、税收政策等措施，支持主产区建立和改造一批大型农产品加工、种子营销和农业科技型企业。
3) Inputs into the major food production areas shall be increased. The existing agricultural fixed assets investment, agricultural comprehensive development fund, and land reclamation fund, etc., shall be used in a relatively concentrated manner and with priority being put on the major food production areas. The agricultural comprehensive development fund shall continue to be increased and the increased part shall be mostly used in the major food production areas. New fund sources shall be found out in order to earnestly support the major food production areas to boost the economy and increase the farmers' income. As of 2004, a certain portion of the assignment fee of state-owned land shall be fixed to support the land development for agriculture, to construct high-standard basic farmland, and to improve the capacity of comprehensive food production. The food production capacity of the major marketing areas and the producing-marketing areas shall also be strengthened. The relationship between the producing areas and marketing areas shall be made closer. Where the operators of food marketing areas go to food production areas to establish food production bases, storage facilities and processing enterprises, they shall enjoy the relevant support policies of the state for the major food production areas. Where the food enterprises of food production areas go to the marketing areas to establish storage and processing facilities and to explore food market, the governments of the marketing areas shall give support and implement necessary preferential policies for them.		（三）增加对粮食主产区的投入。现有农业固定资产投资、农业综合开发资金、土地复垦基金等要相对集中使用，向主产区倾斜。继续增加农业综合开发资金，新增部分主要用于主产区。为切实支持粮食主产区振兴经济、促进农民增收，要开辟新的资金来源渠道。从2004年起，确定一定比例的国有土地出让金，用于支持农业土地开发，建设高标准基本农田，提高粮食综合生产能力。主销区和产销平衡区也要加强粮食生产能力建设。进一步密切产销区的关系。粮食销区的经营主体到产区建立粮食生产基地、仓储设施和加工企业，应享受国家对主产区的有关扶持政策。产区粮食企业到销区建立仓储、加工等设施，开拓粮食市场，销区政府应予以支持并实行必要的优惠政策。
II. The agriculture structure shall be further adjusted to explore the income-increasing potential within the agriculture industry		二、继续推进农业结构调整，挖掘农业内部增收潜力
4) The quality safety level of agricultural products shall be fully increased. In the recent years, the structural adjustment of agriculture has moved forward in a relatively large pace, the direction is correct and the achievements are notable, and the adjustment shall continue to be promoted firmly. Under the premise of protecting and improving the comprehensive food production capacity and in accordance with the requirements of being high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, environment-oriented, and safe, the ways of refinery, intensification, and industrialization shall be adopted to broaden the width and deepen the depth of agriculture development, and to keep exploring the room for efficiency and income increase for agriculture. The implementation of the planning of regional layout of advantageous agricultural products shall be accelerated, the comparative advantages of the localities shall be brought into full play, and the regional layout of agriculture shall continue to be adjusted. The construction of the agricultural product market and the service systems such as processing layout, technology spreading, and quality safety inspection, etc., shall all start from and be conducive to the formation of advantageous industrial bands. Fund scale shall be increased in 2004 to expand the scope of subsidies granted in the food advantageous areas of wheat and soybeans. Agricultural standardization shall be further strengthened and the construction of model areas of agricultural standardization shall be carried out. The systems of inspection and testing, safety monitoring, and quality certification of agricultural products shall be further improved, the system of registration of the origin mark of agricultural products shall be promoted, the pilot compulsory product certification of new agricultural products shall be carried out, and the production and supply of such high-quality agricultural products as non-harming food, green food, and organic food, etc., shall be expanded. The construction of animal epidemic prevention system shall be strengthened, the projects of urgent prevention and treatment of animal epidemics in the key regions shall be carried out, rural areas shall be encouraged to establish communities of animal and fowl breeding, and the pilot reform of the administration system of veterinarians shall be initiated in 2004. The implementation of the system of separation of statutory inspection and business inspection shall be accelerated, items of statutory inspection shall be reduced and financial subsidies shall be granted, the charging standard of business inspection shall be controlled and the regulation thereof shall be strengthened.		（四）全面提高农产品质量安全水平。近几年，农业结构调整迈出较大步伐，方向正确，成效明显，要坚定不移地继续推进。要在保护和提高粮食综合生产能力的前提下，按照高产、优质、高效、生态、安全的要求，走精细化、集约化、产业化的道路，向农业发展的广度和深度进军，不断开拓农业增效增收的空间。要加快实施优势农产品区域布局规划，充分发挥各地的比较优势，继续调整农业区域布局。农产品市场和加工布局、技术推广和质量安全检验等服务体系的建设，都要着眼和有利于促进优势产业带的形成。2004年要增加资金规模，在小麦、大豆等粮食优势产区扩大良种补贴范围。进一步加强农业标准化工作，深入开展农业标准化示范区建设。要进一步完善农产品的检验检测、安全监测及质量认证体系，推行农产品原产地标记制度，开展农业投入品强制性产品认证试点，扩大无公害食品、绿色食品、有机食品等优质农产品的生产和供应。加强动物防疫体系建设，实施重点区域动物疫病应急防治工程，鼓励乡村建立畜禽养殖小区，2004年要启动兽医管理体制改革试点。加快实行法定检验和商业检验分开的制度，对法定检验要减少项目并给予财政补贴，对商业检验要控制收费标准并加强监管。
5) The development of industrialized operation of agriculture shall be accelerated. The finance authorities at various levels shall arrange for special fund to support the development of agricultural industrialization, and inputs into leading enterprises shall be increased considerably. Financial interest subsidies may be provided with respect to the technology reform loans granted to the qualified leading enterprises. Financial subsidies may be granted to the leading enterprises that provide training and sales services to rural households, as well as those develop and introduce new varieties and new technologies, carry out base construction and pollution treatment, etc. Conditions shall be created to improve the policies on value-added tax on agricultural product processing. Support in terms of revenue, taxation, and finance, etc., shall be given equally to the leading enterprises that, regardless of their types of ownership and operation, can motivate the rural households and establish reasonable interest-connected mechanism with the farmers, and can bring actual benefits to the farmers.		（五）加快发展农业产业化经营。各级财政要安排支持农业产业化发展的专项资金，较大幅度地增加对龙头企业的投入。对符合条件的龙头企业的技改贷款，可给予财政贴息。对龙头企业为农户提供培训、营销服务，以及研发引进新品种新技术、开展基地建设和污染治理等，可给予财政补助。创造条件，完善农产品加工的增值税政策。对新办的中小型农副产品加工企业，要加强创业扶持和服务。不管哪种所有制和经营形式的龙头企业，只要能带动农户，与农民建立起合理的利益联结机制，给农民带来实惠，都要在财政、税收、金融等方面一视同仁地给予支持。
6) Agricultural scientific research and technology promotion shall be strengthened. Focusing on strengthening of the innovation capacity, reserve capacity and transformation capacity of the agricultural science and technology of China, the system of agricultural science and technology shall be reformed, and the budgetary inputs into agricultural science and technology shall be increased considerably. Fund shall continue to be arranged for introducing foreign advanced agricultural scientific and technological achievements. The fund for transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements shall be increased. Support shall be given to testing and wide demonstration and promotion of existing scientific and technological achievements. Enterprises shall be guided and promoted to be the subjects of innovations of agricultural technology, various kinds of agricultural enterprises and private agricultural science and technology organizations shall be allowed to apply for using the fund of the state in connection with the development, introduction and promotion of agricultural science and technology. The reform of the system of spreading agricultural science and technology shall be deepened, thus to accelerate the formation of an agricultural technology spreading system in which the state spreading institutions and the spreading institutions of other types of ownership jointly develop and complete each other with their respective advantages. The role of agricultural science and technology model fields, science and technology parks, leading enterprises and peasant professional cooperative organizations in the spreading of science and technology shall be brought into active play. Cross-regional and professional new agricultural science and technology spreading service organizations that conform with the agricultural industrial bands shall be established. Agricultural universities and colleges shall be supported to participate in the research and spreading of agricultural technology. ．．．．．．		（六）加强农业科研和技术推广。要围绕增强我国农业科技的创新能力、储备能力和转化能力，改革农业科技体制，较大幅度地增加预算内农业科研投入。继续安排引进国外先进农业科技成果的资金。增加农业科技成果转化资金。支持已有科研成果的中试和大面积示范推广。引导和推动企业成为农业技术创新主体，允许各类农业企业和民营农业科技组织申请使用国家有关农业科技的研发、引进和推广等资金。深化农业科技推广体制改革，加快形成国家推广机构和其他所有制推广组织共同发展、优势互补的农业技术推广体系。积极发挥农业科技示范场、科技园区、龙头企业和农民专业合作组织在农业科技推广中的作用。建立与农业产业带相适应的跨区域、专业性的新型农业科技推广服务组织。支持农业大中专院校参与农业技术的研究、推广。．．．．．．
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