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Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (1997 Revision) [Revised]
中华人民共和国刑法(1997修订) [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】
 
  

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China

(No. 83)
The Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, amended by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 14, 1997, is hereby issued, and shall come into force as of October 1, 1997.

President of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin
March 14, 1997
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted by the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on July 1, 1979 and amended by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 14, 1997)

 

中华人民共和国主席令

(第八十三号)


中华人民共和国刑法》已由中华人民共和国第八届全国人民代表大会第五次会议于1997年3月14日修订,现将修订后的《中华人民共和国刑法》公布,自1997年10月1日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席江泽民
1997年3月14日
中华人民共和国刑法
(1979年7月1日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过 1997年3月14日第八届全国人民代表大会第五次会议修订)

Table of Contents:
 目录
Part I General Provisions
 第一编 总则
Chapter I Tasks, Basic Principles, and Scope of Application of the Criminal Law
 第一章 刑法的任务、基本原则和适用范围
Chapter II Crimes
 第二章 犯罪
Section 1. Crimes and Criminal Responsibility
 第一节 犯罪和刑事责任
Section 2. Preparation for a Crime, Criminal Attempt, and Discontinuation of a Crime
 第二节 犯罪的预备、未遂和中止
Section 3. Joint Crimes
 第三节 共同犯罪
Section 4. Unit Crimes
 第四节 单位犯罪
Chapter III Punishments
 第三章 刑罚
Section 1. Types of Punishments
 第一节 刑罚的种类
Section 2. Control
 第二节 管制
Section 3. Criminal Detention
 第三节 拘役
Section 4. Fixed-Term Imprisonment and Life Imprisonment
 第四节 有期徒刑、无期徒刑
Section 5. The Death Penalty
 第五节 死刑
Section 6. Fines
 第六节 罚金
Section 7. Deprivation of Political Rights
 第七节 剥夺政治权利
Section 8. Confiscation of Property
 第八节 没收财产
Chapter IV The Concrete Application Of Punishments
 第四章 刑罚的具体运用
Section 1. Sentencing
 第一节 量刑
Section 2. Recidivists
 第二节 累犯
Section 3. Voluntary Surrender and Meritorious Service
 第三节 自首和立功
Section 4. Combined Punishment for More Than One Crime
 第四节 数罪并罚
Section 5. Suspension of Sentence
 第五节 缓刑
Section 6. Reduction of Sentence
 第六节 减刑
Section 7. Parole
 第七节 假释
Section 8. Limitation
 第八节 时效
Chapter V Other Provisions
 第五章 其他规定
PART II Special Provisions
 第二编 分则
Chapter I Crimes of Endangering National Security
 第一章 危害国家安全罪
Chapter II Crimes of Endangering Public Security
 第二章 危害公共安全罪
Chapter III Crimes of Undermining the Order of Socialist Market Economy
 第三章 破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪
Section 1. Crimes of Manufacturing and Selling Fake and Shoddy Goods
 第一节 生产、销售伪劣商品罪
Section 2. Crimes of Smuggling
 第二节 走私罪
Section 3. Crimes of Disrupting the Order of Company and Enterprise Administration
 第三节 妨害对公司、企业的管理秩序罪
Section 4. Crimes of Undermining the Order of Financial Management
 第四节 破坏金融管理秩序罪
Section 5. Crimes of Financial Fraud
 第五节 金融诈骗罪
Section 6. Crimes of Endangering Collection and Management of Taxes
 第六节 危害税收征管罪
Section 7. Crimes of Infringing Upon Intellectual Property Rights
 第七节 侵犯知识产权罪
Section 8. Crimes of Disrupting Market Order
 第八节 扰乱市场秩序罪
Chapter IV Crimes of Infringing Upon the Rights of the Person and the Democratic Rights of Citizens
 第四章 侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪
Chapter V The Crime of Encroaching on Property
 第五章 侵犯财产罪
Chapter VI Crimes of Disrupting the Order of Social Administration
 第六章 妨害社会管理秩序罪
Section 1. Crimes of Disrupting Public Order
 第一节 扰乱公共秩序罪
Section 2. Crimes of Disrupting Justice
 第二节 妨害司法罪
Section 3. Crimes of Disrupting Administration of the Territory (Border)
 第三节 妨害国(边)境管理罪
Section 4. Crimes of Disrupting Administration of Cultural Relics
 第四节 妨害文物管理罪
Section 5. Crimes of Endangering Public Health
 第五节 危害公共卫生罪
Section 6. Crimes of Undermining Protection of Environmental Resources
 第六节 破坏环境资源保护罪
Section 7. Crimes of Smuggling, Trafficking, Transporting, and Manufacturing Drugs.
 第七节 走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪
Section 8. Crimes of Organizing, Forcing, Inducing, Housing, and Introducing Prostitutes
 第八节 组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪
Section 9. Crimes of Manufacturing, Selling, and Spreading Obscene Publications
 第九节 制作、贩卖、传播淫秽物品罪
Chapter VII Crimes of Endangering the Interests of National Defense
 第七章 危害国防利益罪
Chapter VIII Graft and Bribery
 第八章 贪污贿赂罪
Chapter IX Crimes of Dereliction of Duty
 第九章 渎职罪
Chapter X Crimes of Violation of Duty by Military Personnel
 第十章 军人违反职责罪
Supplementary Articles


 附则

Part I General Provisions
 第一编 总则


Chapter I Tasks, Basic Principles, and Scope of Application of the Criminal Law
 第一章 刑法的任务、基本原则和适用范围


Article 1. This law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and in light of the concrete experience of China launching a struggle against crime and the realities in the country, with a view to punishing crime and protecting the people.
   第一条 【立法目的】为了惩罚犯罪,保护人民,根据宪法,结合我国同犯罪作斗争的具体经验及实际情况,制定本法。
Article 2. The tasks of the PRC Criminal Law are to use punishment struggle against all criminal acts to defend national security, the political power of the people's democratic dictatorship, and the socialist system; to protect state-owned property and property collectively owned by the laboring masses; to protect citizens' privately owned property; to protect citizens' right of the person, democratic rights, and other rights; to maintain social and economic order; and to safeguard the smooth progress of the cause of socialist construction.
   第二条 【任务】中华人民共和国刑法的任务,是用刑罚同一切犯罪行为作斗争,以保卫国家安全,保卫人民民主专政的政权和社会主义制度,保护国有财产和劳动群众集体所有的财产,保护公民私人所有的财产,保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利,维护社会秩序、经济秩序,保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。
Article 3. Any act deemed by explicit stipulations of law as a crime is to be convicted and given punishment by law and any act that no explicit stipulations of law deems a crime is not to be convicted or given punishment.
   第三条 【罪刑法定】法律明文规定为犯罪行为的,依照法律定罪处刑;法律没有明文规定为犯罪行为的,不得定罪处刑。
Article 4. Every one is equal before the law in committing crime. No one is permitted to have privileges to transgress the law.
   第四条 【法律面前人人平等】对任何人犯罪,在适用法律上一律平等。不允许任何人有超越法律的特权。
Article 5. The severity of punishments must be commensurate with the crime committed by an offender and the criminal responsibility he bears.
   第五条 【罪责刑相适应】刑罚的轻重,应当与犯罪分子所犯罪行和承担的刑事责任相适应。
Article 6. This law is applicable to all who commit crimes within the territory of the PRC except as specially stipulated by law.
This law is also applicable to all who commit crimes aboard a ship or aircraft of the PRC.
When either the act or consequence of a crime takes place within PRC territory, a crime is deemed to have been committed within PRC territory.
   第六条 【属地管辖权】凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的,除法律有特别规定的以外,都适用本法。
凡在中华人民共和国船舶或者航空器内犯罪的,也适用本法。
犯罪的行为或者结果有一项发生在中华人民共和国领域内的,就认为是在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪。
Article 7. This law is applicable to PRC citizens who commit the crimes specified in this law outside the territory of the PRC; but those who commit the crimes, provided that this law stipulates a minimum sentence of less than a three-year fixed-term imprisonment for such crimes, may not be dealt with.
This law is applicable to PRC state personnel and military personnel who commit the crimes specified in this law outside PRC territory.
   第七条 【属人管辖权】中华人民共和国公民在中华人民共和国领域外犯本法规定之罪的,适用本法,但是按本法规定的最高刑为三年以下有期徒刑的,可以不予追究。
中华人民共和国国家工作人员和军人在中华人民共和国领域外犯本法规定之罪的,适用本法。
Article 8. This law may be applicable to foreigners, who outside PRC territory, commit crimes against the PRC state or against its citizens, provided that this law stipulates a minimum sentence of not less than a three-year fixed term of imprisonment for such crimes; but an exception is to be made if a crime is not punishable according the law of the place where it was committed.
   第八条 【保护管辖权】外国人在中华人民共和国领域外对中华人民共和国国家或者公民犯罪,而按本法规定的最低刑为三年以上有期徒刑的,可以适用本法,但是按照犯罪地的法律不受处罚的除外。
Article 9. This law is applicable to the crimes specified in international treaties to which the PRC is a signatory state or with which it is a member and the PRC exercises criminal jurisdiction over such crimes within its treaty obligations.
   第九条 【普遍管辖权】对于中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约所规定的罪行,中华人民共和国在所承担条约义务的范围内行使刑事管辖权的,适用本法。
Article 10. Any person who commits a crime outside PRC territory and according to this law bear criminal responsibility may still be dealt with according to this law even if he has been tried in a foreign country; however, a person who has already received criminal punishment in a foreign country may be exempted from punishment or given a mitigated punishment.
   第十条 【对外国刑事判决的消极承认】凡在中华人民共和国领域外犯罪,依照本法应当负刑事责任的,虽然经过外国审判,仍然可以依照本法追究,但是在外国已经受过刑罚处罚的,可以免除或者减轻处罚。
Article 11. The problem of criminal responsibility of foreigners who enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunity is to be resolved through diplomatic channels.
   第十一条 【外交代表刑事管辖豁免】享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人的刑事责任,通过外交途径解决。
Article 12. If an act committed after the founding of the PRC and before the implementation of this law was not deemed a crime under the laws at that time, the laws at that time are to be applicable. If the act was deemed a crime under the laws at that time, and if under the provisions of Chapter IV, Section 8 of the general provisions of this law it should be prosecuted, criminal responsibility is to be investigated according to the laws at that time. However, if this law does not deem it a crime or imposes a lesser punishment, this law is to be applicable.
The effective judgments that were made according to the laws at that time before the implementation of this law will continue to be in force.
   第十二条 【溯及力】中华人民共和国成立以后本法施行以前的行为,如果当时的法律不认为是犯罪的,适用当时的法律;如果当时的法律认为是犯罪的,依照本法总则第四章第八节的规定应当追诉的,按照当时的法律追究刑事责任,但是如果本法不认为是犯罪或者处刑较轻的,适用本法。
本法施行以前,依照当时的法律已经作出的生效判决,继续有效。

Chapter II Crimes
 

第二章 犯罪


Section 1. Crimes and Criminal Responsibility
 

第一节 犯罪和刑事责任


Article 13. All acts that endanger the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and security of the state; split the state; subvert the political power of the people's democratic dictatorship and overthrow the socialist system; undermine social and economic order; violate property owned by the state or property collectively owned by the laboring masses; violate citizens' privately owned property; infringe upon citizens' rights of the person, democratic rights. and other rights; and other acts that endanger society, are crimes if according to law they should be criminally punished. However, if the circumstances are clearly minor and the harm is not great, they are not to be deemed crimes.
   第十三条 【犯罪概念】一切危害国家主权、领土完整和安全,分裂国家、颠覆人民民主专政的政权和推翻社会主义制度,破坏社会秩序和经济秩序,侵犯国有财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产,侵犯公民私人所有的财产,侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利,以及其他危害社会的行为,依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的,都是犯罪,但是情节显著轻微危害不大的,不认为是犯罪。
Article 14. An intentional crime is a crime constituted as a result of clear knowledge that one's own act will cause socially dangerous consequences, and of hope for or indifference to the occurrence of those consequences.
Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes.
   第十四条 【故意犯罪】明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果,并且希望或者放任这种结果发生,因而构成犯罪的,是故意犯罪。
故意犯罪,应当负刑事责任。
Article 15. A negligent crime occurs when one should foresee that one's act may cause socially dangerous consequences but fails to do so because of carelessness or, having foreseen the consequences, readily assumes he can prevent them, with the result that these consequences occur.
Criminal responsibility is to be borne for negligent crimes only when the law so stipulates.
   第十五条 【过失犯罪】应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果,因为疏忽大意而没有预见,或者已经预见而轻信能够避免,以致发生这种结果的,是过失犯罪。
过失犯罪,法律有规定的才负刑事责任。
Article 16. Although an act objectively creates harmful consequences, if it does not result from intent or negligence but rather stems from irresistible or unforeseeable causes, it is not a crime.
   第十六条 【不可抗力和意外事件】行为在客观上虽然造成了损害结果,但是不是出于故意或者过失,而是由于不能抗拒或者不能预见的原因所引起的,不是犯罪。
Article 17. A person who has reached the age of sixteen who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.
A person who has reached the age of fourteen but not the age of sixteen who commits the crimes of intentionally killing another or intentionally injuring another, even causing serious injury or death, and the crimes of rape, robbery, drug trafficking, arson, explosion, and poisoning shall bear criminal responsibility.
A person who has reached the age of fourteen but not the age of eighteen who commits a crime shall be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.
When a person is not criminally punished because he has not reached the age of sixteen, the head of his family or guardian is to be ordered to subject him to discipline. When necessary, he may also be given shelter and rehabilitation by the government.
   第十七条 【刑事责任年龄】已满十六周岁的人犯罪,应当负刑事责任。
已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的人,犯故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或者死亡、强奸、抢劫、贩卖毒品、放火、爆炸、投毒罪的,应当负刑事责任。
已满十四周岁不满十八周岁的人犯罪,应当从轻或者减轻处罚。
因不满十六周岁不予刑事处罚的,责令他的家长或者监护人加以管教;在必要的时候,也可以由政府收容教养。
Article 18. A mentally ill person who causes dangerous consequences at a time when he is unable to recognize or unable to control his own conduct is not to bear criminal responsibility after being established through accreditation of legal procedures; but his family or guardian shall be ordered to subject him to strict surveillance and arrange for his medical treatment. When necessary, he will be given compulsory medical treatment by the government.
A person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature shall bear criminal responsibility if he commits a crime during a period of mental normality.
A mentally ill person who commits a crime at a time when he has not yet completely lost his ability to recognize or control his own conduct shall bear criminal responsibility but he may be given a lesser or a mitigated punishment.
An intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.
   第十八条 【特殊人员的刑事责任能力】精神病人在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果,经法定程序鉴定确认的,不负刑事责任,但是应当责令他的家属或者监护人严加看管和医疗;在必要的时候,由政府强制医疗。
间歇性的精神病人在精神正常的时候犯罪,应当负刑事责任。
尚未完全丧失辨认或者控制自己行为能力的精神病人犯罪的,应当负刑事责任,但是可以从轻或者减轻处罚。
醉酒的人犯罪,应当负刑事责任。
Article 19. A deaf-mute or a blind person who commits a crime may be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
   第十九条 【又聋又哑的人或盲人犯罪的刑事责任】又聋又哑的人或者盲人犯罪,可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚。
Article 20. Criminal responsibility is not to be borne for an act of legitimate defense that is under taken to stop present unlawful infringement of the state's and public interest or the rights of the person, property or other rights of the actor or of other people and that causes harm to the unlawful infringer.
Criminal responsibility shall be borne where legitimate defense noticeably exceeds the necessary limits and causes great harm. However, consideration shall be given to imposing a mitigated punishment or to granting exemption from punishment.
Criminal responsibility is not to be borne for a defensive act undertaken against ongoing physical assault, murder, robbery, rape, kidnap, and other violent crimes that seriously endanger personal safety that causes injury or death to the unlawful infringer since such an act is not an excessive defense.
   第二十条 【正当防卫】为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害,而采取的制止不法侵害的行为,对不法侵害人造成损害的,属于正当防卫,不负刑事责任。
正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的,应当负刑事责任,但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。
对正在进行行凶、杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架以及其他严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪,采取防卫行为,造成不法侵害人伤亡的,不属于防卫过当,不负刑事责任。
Article 21. Criminal responsibility is not to be borne for damage resulting from an act of urgent danger prevention that must be undertaken in order to avert the occurrence of present danger to the state or public interest or the rights of the person, property rights, or other rights of the actor or of other people.
Criminal responsibility shall be borne where urgent danger prevention exceeds the necessary limits and causes undue harm. However, consideration shall be given according to the circumstances to imposing a mitigated punishment or to granting exemption from punishment.
The provisions of the first paragraph with respect to preventing danger to oneself do not apply to a person who bears specific responsibility in his post or profession.
   第二十一条 【紧急避险】为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在发生的危险,不得已采取的紧急避险行为,造成损害的,不负刑事责任。
紧急避险超过必要限度造成不应有的损害的,应当负刑事责任,但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。
第一款中关于避免本人危险的规定,不适用于职务上、业务上负有特定责任的人。

Section 2. Preparation for a Crime, Criminal Attempt and Discontinuation of a Crime
 

第二节 犯罪的预备、未遂和中止


Article 22. Preparation for a crime is preparation of the instruments or creation of the conditions for the commission of a crime.
One who prepares for a crime may, in comparison with one who consummates the crime, be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
   第二十二条 【犯罪预备】为了犯罪,准备工具、制造条件的,是犯罪预备。
对于预备犯,可以比照既遂犯从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
Article 23. Criminal attempt occurs when a crime has already begun to be carried out but is not consummated because of factors independent of the will of the criminal element.
One who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with one who consummates the crime, be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.
   第二十三条 【犯罪未遂】已经着手实行犯罪,由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的,是犯罪未遂。
对于未遂犯,可以比照既遂犯从轻或者减轻处罚。
Article 24. Discontinuation of a crime occurs when, during the process of committing a crime, the actor voluntarily discontinues the crime or voluntarily and effectively prevents the consequences of the crime from occurring.
One who discontinues a crime shall be exempted from punishment when there is no harm done or be given a mitigated punishment when there is harm done.
   第二十四条 【犯罪中止】在犯罪过程中,自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的,是犯罪中止。
对于中止犯,没有造成损害的,应当免除处罚;造成损害的,应当减轻处罚。

Section 3. Joint Crimes
 

第三节 共同犯罪


Article 25. A joint crime is an intentional crime committed by two or more persons jointly.
A negligent crime committed by two or more persons jointly is not to be punished as a joint crime; those who should bear criminal responsibility are to be punished separately according to the crimes they have committed.
   第二十五条 【共同犯罪概念】共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。
二人以上共同过失犯罪,不以共同犯罪论处;应当负刑事责任的,按照他们所犯的罪分别处罚。
Article 26. A principal offender is one who organizes and leads a criminal group in conducting criminal activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.
A crime syndicate is a more or less permanent crime organization composed of three or more persons for the purpose of jointly committing crimes.
The head who organizes or leads a crime syndicate shall bear criminal responsibility for all the crimes committed by the syndicate.
A principal offender other that the one stipulated in the third paragraph shall bear criminal responsibility for all the crimes he participated in, organized, or directed.
   第二十六条 【主犯】组织、领导犯罪集团进行犯罪活动的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的,是主犯。
三人以上为共同实施犯罪而组成的较为固定的犯罪组织,是犯罪集团。
对组织、领导犯罪集团的首要分子,按照集团所犯的全部罪行处罚。
对于第三款规定以外的主犯,应当按照其所参与的或者组织、指挥的全部犯罪处罚。
Article 27. An accomplice is one who plays a secondary or supplementary role in a joint crime.
An accomplice shall, in comparison with a principal offender, be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
   第二十七条 【从犯】在共同犯罪中起次要或者辅助作用的,是从犯。
对于从犯,应当从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
Article 28. One who is coerced to participate in a crime shall, according to the circumstances of his crime, be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
   第二十八条 【胁从犯】对于被胁迫参加犯罪的,应当按照他的犯罪情节减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
Article 29. One who instigates others to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in the joint crime. One who instigates a person under the age of eighteen to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.
If the instigated person does not commit the instigated crime, the instigator may be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.
   第二十九条 【教唆犯】教唆他人犯罪的,应当按照他在共同犯罪中所起的作用处罚。教唆不满十八周岁的人犯罪的,应当从重处罚。
如果被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪,对于教唆犯,可以从轻或者减轻处罚。

Section 4. Crimes Committed by a Unit
 

第四节 单位犯罪


Article 30. A company, enterprise, institution, organization, or group which commits an act endangering society that is considered a crime under the law shall bear criminal responsibility.
   第三十条 【单位负刑事责任的范围】公司、企业、事业单位、机关、团体实施的危害社会的行为,法律规定为单位犯罪的,应当负刑事责任。
Article 31. A unit responsible for a criminal act shall be fined. The person in charge and other personnel who are directly responsible shall also bear criminal responsibility. Where there are other stipulations in the Special Provisions of this Law or other laws, those stipulations shall apply.
   第三十一条 【单位犯罪的处罚原则】单位犯罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员判处刑罚。本法分则和其他法律另有规定的,依照规定。

Chapter III Punishments
 

第三章 刑罚

Section 1. Types of Punishments
 

第一节 刑罚的种类


Article 32. Punishments are divided into principal punishments and supplementary punishments.
   第三十二条 【主刑和附加刑】刑罚分为主刑和附加刑。
Article 33. The types of principal punishments are:
   第三十三条 【主刑种类】主刑的种类如下:
(1) control;
 (一)管制;
(2) Criminal detention;
 (二)拘役;
(3) fixed-term imprisonment;
 (三)有期徒刑;
(4) life imprisonment; and
 (四)无期徒刑;
(5) The death penalty.
 (五)死刑。
Article 34. The types of supplementary punishments are:
   第三十四条 【附加刑种类】附加刑的种类如下:
(1) Fines;
 (一)罚金;
(2) Deprivation of political rights; and
 (二)剥夺政治权利;
(3) Confiscation of property.
Supplementary punishments may also be applied independently.
 (三)没收财产。
附加刑也可以独立适用。
Article 35. Deportation may be applied in an independent or supplementary manner to a foreigner who commits a crime.
   第三十五条 【驱逐出境】对于犯罪的外国人,可以独立适用或者附加适用驱逐出境。
Article 36. Where the victim has suffered economic loss as a result of a criminal act, the criminal element, in addition to receiving criminal sanctions according to law, shall in accordance with the circumstances be sentenced to make compensation for the economic loss.
Where the criminal element bears responsibility for civil compensation and is also imposed a fine, if his property is not enough to pay the compensation and fine in full or if he has also been sentenced to confiscation of property, he shall first pay civil compensation to the victim.
   第三十六条 【赔偿经济损失与民事优先原则】由于犯罪行为而使被害人遭受经济损失的,对犯罪分子除依法给予刑事处罚外,并应根据情况判处赔偿经济损失。
承担民事赔偿责任的犯罪分子,同时被判处罚金,其财产不足以全部支付的,或者被判处没收财产的,应当先承担对被害人的民事赔偿责任。
Article 37. Where the circumstances of a person's crime are minor and do not require sentencing for punishment, an exemption from criminal sanctions may be granted him, but he may, according to the different circumstances of each case, be reprimanded or ordered to make a statement of repentance or formal apology or make compensation for losses, or be subjected to administrative sanctions by the competent department.
   第三十七条 【非刑罚性处置措施】对于犯罪情节轻微不需要判处刑罚的,可以免予刑事处罚,但是可以根据案件的不同情况,予以训诫或者责令具结悔过、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失,或者由主管部门予以行政处罚或者行政处分。

Section 2. Control
 

第二节 管制


Article 38. The term of control is not less than three months and not more than two years.
The judgment of control for a criminal element is executed by a public security organ.
   第三十八条 【管制的期限与执行机关】管制的期限,为三个月以上二年以下。
被判处管制的犯罪分子,由公安机关执行。
Article 39. A criminal element who is sentenced to control must abide by the following rules during the term in which his control is being carried out:
   第三十九条 【被管制犯罪的义务与权利】被判处管制的犯罪分子,在执行期间,应当遵守下列规定:
(1) abide by laws and administrative regulations, submit himself to supervision;
 (一)遵守法律、行政法规,服从监督;
(2) shall not exercise the rights to freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession, and of demonstration without the approval of the organ executing the control;
 (二)未经执行机关批准,不得行使言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利;
(3) report on his own activities pursuant to the rules of the organ executing the control;
 (三)按照执行机关规定报告自己的活动情况;
(4) abide by the rules of the organ executing the control for meeting visitors;
 (四)遵守执行机关关于会客的规定;
(5) report and obtain approval from the organ executing the control for a change in residence or departure from the city or county.
A criminal element who is sentenced to control shall, while engaged in labor, receive equal pay for equal work.
 (五)离开所居住的市、县或者迁居,应当报经执行机关批准。
对于被判处管制的犯罪分子,在劳动中应当同工同酬。
Article 40. Upon the expiration of the term of the control, the organ executing the control shall announce the termination of control to the criminal element sentenced to control and to the masses concerned.
   第四十条 【管制期满解除】被判处管制的犯罪分子,管制期满,执行机关应即向本人和其所在单位或者居住地的群众宣布解除管制。
Article 41. The term of control is counted as commencing on the date the judgment begins to be executed; where custody has been employed before the judgment begins to be executed, the term is to be shortened by two days for each day spent in custody.
   第四十一条 【管制刑期的计算和折抵】管制的刑期,从判决执行之日起计算;判决执行以前先行羁押的,羁押一日折抵刑期二日。

Section 3. Criminal Detention
 

第三节 拘役


Article 42. The term of criminal detention is not less a month and not more than six months.
   第四十二条 【拘役的期限】拘役的期限,为一个月以上六个月以下。
Article 43. A criminal element sentenced to criminal detention is to have his sentence executed by the public security organ in the vicinity.
During the period of execution, a criminal element sentenced to criminal detention may go home for one or two days each month; consideration may be given according to the circumstances to granting compensation to those who participate in labor.
   第四十三条 【拘役的执行】被判处拘役的犯罪分子,由公安机关就近执行。
在执行期间,被判处拘役的犯罪分子每月可以回家一天至两天;参加劳动的,可以酌量发给报酬。
Article 44. The term of criminal detention is counted as commencing on the date the judgment begins to be executed; where custody has been employed before the judgment, the term is to be shortened by one day for each day spent in custody.
   第四十四条 【拘役刑期的计算和折抵】拘役的刑期,从判决执行之日起计算;判决执行以前先行羁押的,羁押一日折抵刑期一日。

Section 4. Fixed-Term Imprisonment And Life Imprisonment
 

第四节 有期徒刑、无期徒刑


Article 45. Except as otherwise provided in Articles 50 and 69 of this Law, the term of fixed-term imprisonment is not less than six months and not more than fifteen years.
   第四十五条 【有期徒刑的期限】有期徒刑的期限,除本法第五十条、第六十九条规定外,为六个月以上十五年以下。
Article 46. A criminal element sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment is to have his sentence executed in prison or in another organ executing the sentence; anyone with the ability to labor shall take part in labor, receive education, and undergo reform.
   第四十六条 【有期徒刑与无期徒刑的执行】被判处有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子,在监狱或者其他执行场所执行;凡有劳动能力的,都应当参加劳动,接受教育和改造。
Article 47. The term of fixed-term imprisonment is counted as commencing on the date the judgment begins to be executed; where custody has been employed before the judgment begins to be executed, the term is to be shortened by one day for each day spent in custody.
   第四十七条 【有期徒刑刑期的计算与折抵】有期徒刑的刑期,从判决执行之日起计算;判决执行以前先行羁押的,羁押一日折抵刑期一日。

Section 5. The Death Penalty
 

第五节 死刑


Article 48. The death penalty is only to be applied to criminal elements who commit the most heinous crimes. In the case of a criminal element who should be sentenced to death, if immediate execution is not essential, a two-year suspension of execution may be announced at the same time the sentence of death is imposed.
Except for judgments made by the Supreme People's Court according to law,all sentences of death shall be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for approval. Sentences of death with suspension of execution may be decided or approved by a high people's court.
   第四十八条 【死刑、死缓的适用对象及核准程序】死刑只适用于罪行极其严重的犯罪分子。对于应当判处死刑的犯罪分子,如果不是必须立即执行的,可以判处死刑同时宣告缓期二年执行。
死刑除依法由最高人民法院判决的以外,都应当报请最高人民法院核准。死刑缓期执行的,可以由高级人民法院判决或者核准。
Article 49. The death penalty is not to be applied to persons who have not reached the age of eighteen at the time the crime is committed or to women who are pregnant at the time of adjudication.
   第四十九条 【死刑适用对象的限制】犯罪的时候不满十八周岁的人和审判的时候怀孕的妇女,不适用死刑。
Article 50. If a person sentenced to death with a suspension of execution dose not intentionally commit a crime during the period of suspension, he is to be given a reduction of sentence to life imprisonment upon the expiration of the two-year period; if he demonstrates meritorious service,he is to be given a reduction of sentence to not less than fifteen years and not more than twenty years of fixed-term imprisonment upon the expiration of the two-year period; if there is verified evidence that he has intentionally committed a crime, the death penalty is be executed upon the approval of the Supreme People's Court.
   第五十条 【死缓变更】判处死刑缓期执行的,在死刑缓期执行期间,如果没有故意犯罪,二年期满以后,减为无期徒刑;如果确有重大立功表现,二年期满以后,减为十五年以上二十年以下有期徒刑;如果故意犯罪,查证属实的,由最高人民法院核准,执行死刑。
Article 51. The term for suspending execution of a sentence of death is counted as commencing on the date the judgment becomes final. The term of a sentence that is reduced from the death penalty with suspension of execution to fixed-term imprisonment is counted as commencing on the date the suspension of execution expires.
   第五十一条 【死缓期间及减为有期徒刑的刑期计算】死刑缓期执行的期间,从判决确定之日起计算。死刑缓期执行减为有期徒刑的刑期,从死刑缓期执行期满之日起计算。

Section 6. Fines
 

第六节 罚金


Article 52. In imposing a fine, the amount of the fine shall be determined according to the circumstances of the crime.
   第五十二条 【罚金数额的裁量】判处罚金,应当根据犯罪情节决定罚金数额。
Article 53. A fine is to be paid in a lump sum or in installments within the period specified in the judgment. Upon the expiration of the period, one who has not paid is to be compelled to pay. Where the person sentenced is unable to pay the fine in full, the people's court may collect whenever he is found in possession of executable property. If a person truly has difficulties in paying because he has suffered irresistible calamity, consideration may be given according to the circumstances to granting him a reduction or exemption.
   第五十三条 【罚金的缴纳】罚金在判决指定的期限内一次或者分期缴纳。期满不缴纳的,强制缴纳。对于不能全部缴纳罚金的,人民法院在任何时候发现被执行人有可以执行的财产,应当随时追缴。如果由于遭遇不能抗拒的灾祸缴纳确实有困难的,可以酌情减少或者免除。

Section 7. Deprivation of Political Rights
 

第七节 剥夺政治权利


Article 54. Deprivation of political rights is deprivation of the following rights:
   第五十四条 【剥夺政治权利的含义】剥夺政治权利是剥夺下列权利:
(1) The right to elect and the right to be elected;
 (一)选举权和被选举权;
(2) the right to freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession, and of demonstration;
 (二)言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利;
(3) the right to hold a position in state organs; and
 (三)担任国家机关职务的权利;
(4) the right to hold a leading position in a state-owned company, enterprise, or institution or people's organization.
 (四)担任国有公司、企业、事业单位和人民团体领导职务的权利。
Article 55. The term of deprivation of political rights is not less than one year and not more than five years, except as otherwise stipulated in Article 57 of this Law.
In situations where a person is sentenced to control and to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment, the term of deprivation of political rights is to be the same as the term of control, and the punishments are to be executed at the same time.
   第五十五条 【剥夺政治权利的期限】剥夺政治权利的期限,除本法第五十七条规定外,为一年以上五年以下。
判处管制附加剥夺政治权利的,剥夺政治权利的期限与管制的期限相等,同时执行。
Article 56. A criminal element endangering state security shall be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment;a criminal element guilty of murder, rape, arson, explosion, spreading poison, or robbery who seriously undermines social order may also be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment.
Where deprivation of political rights is applied independently,stipulations in the Special Provisions of this Law shall be followed.
   第五十六条 【剥夺政治权利的附加、独立适用】对于危害国家安全的犯罪分子应当附加剥夺政治权利;对于故意杀人、强奸、放火、爆炸、投毒、抢劫等严重破坏社会秩序的犯罪分子,可以附加剥夺政治权利。
独立适用剥夺政治权利的,依照本法分则的规定。
Article 57. A criminal element who is sentenced to death or to life imprisonment shall be deprived of political rights for life.
When the death penalty with a suspension of execution is reduced to fixed-term imprisonment, or life imprisonment is reduced to fixed-term imprisonment, the term of the supplementary punishment of deprivation of political rights shall be changed to not less than three years and not more than ten years.
   第五十七条 【对死刑、无期徒刑罪犯剥夺政治权利的适用】对于被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子,应当剥夺政治权利终身。
在死刑缓期执行减为有期徒刑或者无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的时候,应当把附加剥夺政治权利的期限改为三年以上十年以下。
Article 58. The term of the supplementary punishment of deprivation of political rights is counted as commencing on the date that imprisonment or criminal detention ends or on the date that parole begins; the deprivation of political rights is naturally to be effective during the period in which the principal punishment is being executed.
A criminal element who is deprived of political rights shall abide by laws, administrative regulations, and relevant regulations on supervision and administration promulgated by public security departments under the State Council; submit to supervision; and is forbidden from exercising rights stipulated in Article 54 of this Law.
   第五十八条 【剥夺政治权利的刑期计算、效力与执行】附加剥夺政治权利的刑期,从徒刑、拘役执行完毕之日或者从假释之日起计算;剥夺政治权利的效力当然施用于主刑执行期间。
被剥夺政治权利的犯罪分子,在执行期间,应当遵守法律、行政法规和国务院公安部门有关监督管理的规定,服从监督;不得行使本法第五十四条规定的各项权利。

Section 8. Confiscation of Property
 

第八节 没收财产


Article 59. Confiscation of property is the confiscation of part or all of the property personally owned by the criminal element. Where all of the property personally owned by the criminal element is confiscated, living expenses shall be set aside for the criminal element himself and the dependents he supports.
When a sentence of confiscation of property is imposed, property that belongs to or should belong to family members of the criminal element may not be confiscated.
   第五十九条 【没收财产的范围】没收财产是没收犯罪分子个人所有财产的一部或者全部。没收全部财产的,应当对犯罪分子个人及其扶养的家属保留必需的生活费用。
在判处没收财产的时候,不得没收属于犯罪分子家属所有或者应有的财产。
Article 60. Where it is necessary to use the confiscated property to repay legitimate debts incurred by the criminal element before the property was confiscated, the debts shall be paid at the request of the creditors.
   第六十条 【以没收的财产偿还债务】没收财产以前犯罪分子所负的正当债务,需要以没收的财产偿还的,经债权人请求,应当偿还。

Chapter IV The Concrete Application Of Punishments
 

第四章 刑罚的具体运用

Section 1. Sentencing
 

第一节 量刑


Article 61. When deciding the punishment of a criminal element, the sentence shall be imposed on the basis of the facts of the crime, the nature and circumstances of the crime, and the degree of harm to society, in accordance with the relevant stipulations of this law.
   第六十一条 【量刑的事实根据与法律依据】对于犯罪分子决定刑罚的时候,应当根据犯罪的事实、犯罪的性质、情节和对于社会的危害程度,依照本法的有关规定判处。
Article 62. Where the circumstances of a criminal element are such as to give him a heavier punishment or a lesser punishment under the stipulations of this law, he shall be sentenced to a punishment within the legally prescribed limits of punishment.
   第六十二条 【从重处罚与从轻处罚】犯罪分子具有本法规定的从重处罚、从轻处罚情节的,应当在法定刑的限度以内判处刑罚。
Article 63. Where the circumstances of a criminal element are such as to give him a mitigated punishment under the stipulations of this law, he shall be sentenced to a punishment below the legally prescribed punishment.
Although the circumstances of a criminal element do not warrant giving him a mitigated punishment under the stipulations of this law, he too may be sentenced to a punishment below the legally prescribed punishment based on the special situation of the case and with the approval of the Supreme People's Court.
   第六十三条 【减轻处罚】犯罪分子具有本法规定的减轻处罚情节的,应当在法定刑以下判处刑罚。
犯罪分子虽然不具有本法规定的减轻处罚情节,但是根据案件的特殊情况,经最高人民法院核准,也可以在法定刑以下判处刑罚。
Article 64. All articles of property illegally obtained by the criminal element shall be recovered or he shall be ordered to make restitution or pay compensation for them. The legitimate property of the victims shall be promptly returned.Contraband and articles of the criminal's own property used for committing the crime shall be confiscated.Articles of confiscated property and fines shall be handed over to the national treasury and shall not be diverted or otherwise disposed of.
   第六十四条 【犯罪物品的处理】犯罪分子违法所得的一切财物,应当予以追缴或者责令退赔;对被害人的合法财产,应当及时返还;违禁品和供犯罪所用的本人财物,应当予以没收。没收的财物和罚金,一律上缴国库,不得挪用和自行处理。

Section 2. Recidivists
 

第二节 累犯


Article 65. A criminal element who has been sentenced to a punishment of not less than fixed-term imprisonment and who, within five years after his punishment has been completely executed or he has received a pardon,commits another crime for which he should be sentenced to a punishment of not less than a fixed-term imprisonment is a recidivist and shall be given a heavier punishment. However, negligent commission of a crime is an exception.
In situations where a criminal element is granted a parole, the period stipulated in the preceding paragraph is to be counted as commencing on the date of expiration of the parole.
   第六十五条 【一般累犯】被判处有期徒刑以上刑罚的犯罪分子,刑罚执行完毕或者赦免以后,在五年以内再犯应当判处有期徒刑以上刑罚之罪的,是累犯,应当从重处罚,但是过失犯罪除外。
前款规定的期限,对于被假释的犯罪分子,从假释期满之日起计算。
Article 66. Criminal elements endangering state security who, at any time after their punishment has been completely executed or they have received a pardon, commit another crime endangering state security are all to be treated as recidivists.
   第六十六条 【特别累犯】危害国家安全的犯罪分子在刑罚执行完毕或者赦免以后,在任何时候再犯危害国家安全罪的,都以累犯论处。

Section 3. Voluntary Surrender and Meritorious Service
 

第三节 自首和立功


Article 67. The act of voluntarily giving oneself up to the police and giving a true account of one's crime after committing it is an act of voluntary surrender. Criminal elements who voluntarily surrender may be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment. Those among them whose crimes are relatively minor may be exempted from punishment.
Where criminal suspects, defendants, and criminals serving sentences give a true account of their other crimes which are not known to the judicial organ, their actions are regarded as an act of voluntary surrender.
   第六十七条 【自首】犯罪以后自动投案,如实供述自己的罪行的,是自首。对于自首的犯罪分子,可以从轻或者减轻处罚。其中,犯罪较轻的,可以免除处罚。
被采取强制措施的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和正在服刑的罪犯,如实供述司法机关还未掌握的本人其他罪行的,以自首论。
Article 68. Criminal elements who perform meritorious service by exposing other people's crimes that can be verified or who provide important clues leading the cracking of other cases may be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment. Those who performed major meritorious service may be given a mitigated punishment or may be exempted from punishment.
Those who surrender themselves voluntarily and perform major meritorious service after committing a crime shall be given a mitigated punishment or exempted from punishment.
   第六十八条 【立功】犯罪分子有揭发他人犯罪行为,查证属实的,或者提供重要线索,从而得以侦破其他案件等立功表现的,可以从轻或者减轻处罚;有重大立功表现的,可以减轻或者免除处罚。
犯罪后自首又有重大立功表现的,应当减轻或者免除处罚。

Section 4. Combined Punishment For More Than One Crime
 

第四节 数罪并罚


Article 69. If a person commits more than one crime before judgment has been pronounced, except where he is sentenced to death or life imprisonment, the term of sentence that it is decided to be executed, in consideration of the circumstances, shall be less than the total term for all the crimes but more than the maximum term for any of the crimes; however, the term of control cannot exceed three years, the term of criminal detention cannot exceed one year, and fixed-term imprisonment cannot exceed 20 years.
If among the crimes there are any for which a supplementary punishment is to be imposed, the supplementary punishment must still be executed.
   第六十九条 【判决宣告前一人犯数罪的并罚】判决宣告以前一人犯数罪的,除判处死刑和无期徒刑的以外,应当在总和刑期以下、数刑中最高刑期以上,酌情决定执行的刑期,但是管制最高不能超过三年,拘役最高不能超过一年,有期徒刑最高不能超过二十年。
如果数罪中有判处附加刑的,附加刑仍须执行。
Article 70. If, after judgment has been pronounced but before the punishment has been completely executed, it is discovered that, before judgment was pronounced, the sentenced criminal element committed another crime for which he has not been sentenced, a judgment shall be rendered for the newly-discovered crime, and the punishment to be executed for the punishments sentenced in the two, former and latter, judgments decided according to the stipulations of Article 69 of this law. The term that has already been executed shall be counted in the term decided by the new judgment.
   第七十条 【判决宣告后发现漏罪的并罚】判决宣告以后,刑罚执行完毕以前,发现被判刑的犯罪分子在判决宣告以前还有其他罪没有判决的,应当对新发现的罪作出判决,把前后两个判决所判处的刑罚,依照本法第六十九条的规定,决定执行的刑罚。已经执行的刑期,应当计算在新判决决定的刑期以内。
Article 71. If after judgment has been pronounced but before the punishment has been completely executed the sentenced criminal element again commits a crime, a judgment shall be rendered for the newly-committed crime, and the punishment to be executed for the punishment that has not been executed for the former crime and the punishment imposed for the latter crime decided according to the stipulations of Article 69 of this law.
   第七十一条 【判决宣告后又犯新罪的并罚】判决宣告以后,刑罚执行完毕以前,被判刑的犯罪分子又犯罪的,应当对新犯的罪作出判决,把前罪没有执行的刑罚和后罪所判处的刑罚,依照本法第六十九条的规定,决定执行的刑罚。

Section 5. Suspension of Sentence
 

第五节 缓刑


Article 72. A suspension of sentence may be pronounced for a criminal element who has been sentenced to criminal detention or to fixed-term imprisonment for not more than three years, according to the circumstances of his crime and his demonstration of repentance, and where applying a suspended sentence will not in fact result in further harm to society.
If a criminal element for whom a suspension of sentence has been pronounced has been sentenced to a supplementary punishment, the supplementary punishment must still be executed.
   第七十二条 【适用条件】对于被判处拘役、三年以下有期徒刑的犯罪分子,根据犯罪分子的犯罪情节和悔罪表现,适用缓刑确实不致再危害社会的,可以宣告缓刑。
被宣告缓刑的犯罪分子,如果被判处附加刑,附加刑仍须执行。
Article 73. The probation period for suspension of criminal detention is to be not less than the term originally decided and not more than one year, but it may not be less than two months.
The probation period for suspension of fixed-term imprisonment is to be not less than the term originally decided and not more than five years, but it may not be less than one year.
The probation period for suspension is to be counted as commencing on the date the judgment becomes final.
   第七十三条 【考验期限】拘役的缓刑考验期限为原判刑期以上一年以下,但是不能少于二个月。
有期徒刑的缓刑考验期限为原判刑期以上五年以下,但是不能少于一年。
缓刑考验期限,从判决确定之日起计算。
Article 74. Suspension of sentence is not to be applied to recidivists.
   第七十四条 【累犯不适用缓刑】对于累犯,不适用缓刑。
Article 75. A criminal element for whom a suspension of sentence has been pronounced shall observe the following stipulations:
   第七十五条 【缓刑犯应遵守的规定】被宣告缓刑的犯罪分子,应当遵守下列规定:
(1) observing the law and administrative statutes and accepting supervision;
 (一)遵守法律、行政法规,服从监督;
(2) reporting his activities in accordance with the stipulation of the observing organ;
 (二)按照考察机关的规定报告自己的活动情况;
(3) following the observing organ's stipulation on meeting visitors;
 (三)遵守考察机关关于会客的规定;
(4) reporting and applying to the observing organ for approval before leaving or moving from the city or county of residence.
 (四)离开所居住的市、县或者迁居,应当报经考察机关批准。
Article 76. A criminal element for whom a suspension of sentence has been pronounced is to be observed by the public security organ during the probation period for suspension, with his unit or the basic level organization taking coordinated action. Upon the expiration of the probation period for suspension, public pronouncement that the punishment originally decided is not to be executed shall be made, provided there are no circumstances as stipulated in Article 77 of this law.
   第七十六条 【缓刑的考验及其积极后果】被宣告缓刑的犯罪分子,在缓刑考验期限内,由公安机关考察,所在单位或者基层组织予以配合,如果没有本法第七十七条规定的情形,缓刑考验期满,原判的刑罚就不再执行,并公开予以宣告。
Article 77. If a criminal element for whom a suspension of sentence has been pronounced commits new crimes during the probation period for suspension or is discovered that, before judgment was pronounced, the sentenced criminal element committed another crime for which he has not been sentenced, the suspension is to be revoked and the punishment to be executed for the punishments imposed for the former and latter crimes is to be decided according to the stipulations of Article 69 of this law.
If, during the probation period for suspension, a criminal element for whom a suspension of sentence has been pronounced violates relevant provisions governing the supervision and control of suspension of sentence provided for in the law, administrative statutes, or regulations of public security departments of the State Council, the suspension is to be revoked and the punishments originally imposed shall be executed.
   第七十七条 【缓刑的撤销及其处理】被宣告缓刑的犯罪分子,在缓刑考验期限内犯新罪或者发现判决宣告以前还有其他罪没有判决的,应当撤销缓刑,对新犯的罪或者新发现的罪作出判决,把前罪和后罪所判处的刑罚,依照本法第六十九条的规定,决定执行的刑罚。
被宣告缓刑的犯罪分子,在缓刑考验期限内,违反法律、行政法规或者国务院公安部门有关缓刑的监督管理规定,情节严重的,应当撤销缓刑,执行原判刑罚。

Section 6. Reduction of Sentence
 

第六节 减刑


Article 78. A criminal element who is sentenced to control, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment may have his sentence reduced if, during the period his punishment is being executed, he earnestly observes prison regulations, accepts reform through education, truly repents, or performs meritorious service. The sentence shall be reduced if any of the following meritorious services are performed:
   第七十八条 【适用条件与限度】被判处管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子,在执行期间,如果认真遵守监规,接受教育改造,确有悔改表现的,或者有立功表现的,可以减刑;有下列重大立功表现之一的,应当减刑:
(1) preventing someone from engaging in major criminal activities;
 (一)阻止他人重大犯罪活动的;
(2) informing on major criminal activities in or outside the prison that can be verified;
 (二)检举监狱内外重大犯罪活动,经查证属实的;
(3) making inventions or major technological renovations;
 (三)有发明创造或者重大技术革新的;
(4) risking his life to save others in day-to-day production activities and life;
 (四)在日常生产、生活中舍己救人的;
(5) performing outstanding service in combating natural disaster or preventing major accidents;
 (五)在抗御自然灾害或者排除重大事故中,有突出表现的;
(6) making other major contributions to the state or society.
For those sentenced to control, criminal detention, or fixed-term imprisonment, the term of the punishment actually to be executed may not, after reductions of sentence, be less than half of the term originally decided; for those sentenced to life imprisonment it may not be less than 10 years.
 (六)对国家和社会有其他重大贡献的。
减刑以后实际执行的刑期,判处管制、拘役、有期徒刑的,不能少于原判刑期的二分之一;判处无期徒刑的,不能少于十年。
Article 79. To receive reductions of sentence for criminal elements, the organ executing the sentence shall submit letters of sentence reduction proposal to the people's court at or above the intermediate level. The people's court shall form a collegial panel to examine the proposals and to issue sentence reduction orders for those who demonstrate true repentance and performed meritorious service.
   第七十九条 【程序】对于犯罪分子的减刑,由执行机关向中级以上人民法院提出减刑建议书。人民法院应当组成合议庭进行审理,对确有悔改或者立功事实的,裁定予以减刑。非经法定程序不得减刑。
Article 80. The term of fixed-term imprisonment that is reduced from life imprisonment is counted as commencing on the date of the order reducing the sentence; no sentence reduction shall be made without due legal process.
   第八十条 【无期徒刑减刑的刑期计算】无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的刑期,从裁定减刑之日起计算。

Section 7. Parole
 

第七节 假释


Article 81. A criminal element sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of which not less than half has been executed, or a criminal element sentenced to life imprisonment of which not less than 10 years has actually been executed, may be granted parole if he earnestly observes prison regulations, undergoes reform through education, demonstrates true repentance, and will not cause further harm to society after being paroled.
If special circumstances exist, with the approval of the Supreme People's Court, the above restrictions relating to the term executed need not be imposed. Criminal elements who are recidivists or who are sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than 10 years or to life imprisonment for murder, bombing, robbery, rape, kidnap, or other violent crimes shall not be granted parole.
   第八十一条 【适用条件】被判处有期徒刑的犯罪分子,执行原判刑期二分之一以上,被判处无期徒刑的犯罪分子,实际执行十年以上,如果认真遵守监规,接受教育改造,确有悔改表现,假释后不致再危害社会的,可以假释。如果有特殊情况,经最高人民法院核准,可以不受上述执行刑期的限制。
对累犯以及因杀人、爆炸、抢劫、强奸、绑架等暴力性犯罪被判处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子,不得假释。
Article 82. The granting of parole to criminal elements shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures stipulated in Article 79 of this law; no parole shall be granted without due legal process.
   第八十二条 【程序】对于犯罪分子的假释,依照本法第七十九条规定的程序进行。非经法定程序不得假释。
Article 83. The probation period for parole in the case of fixed-term imprisonment is the term that has not been completed; the probation period for parole in the case of life imprisonment is 10 years.
The probation period for parole is counted as commencing on the date of parole.
   第八十三条 【考验期限】有期徒刑的假释考验期限,为没有执行完毕的刑期;无期徒刑的假释考验期限为十年。
假释考验期限,从假释之日起计算。
Article 84. Criminal elements granted parole shall observe the following stipulations:
   第八十四条 【假释犯应遵守的规定】被宣告假释的犯罪分子,应当遵守下列规定:
(1) observing the law and administrative statutes and accepting supervision;
 (一)遵守法律、行政法规,服从监督;
(2) reporting his activities in accordance with the stipulation of the supervising organ;
 (二)按照监督机关的规定报告自己的活动情况;
(3) observing the supervising organ's stipulation on meeting visitors;
 (三)遵守监督机关关于会客的规定;
(4) reporting and applying to the observing organ for approval before leaving or moving from the city or county of residence.
 (四)离开所居住的市、县或者迁居,应当报经监督机关批准。
Article 85. During the probation period for parole, a criminal element who is granted parole is to be supervised by the public security organs, and upon completion of the parole, if there are no circumstances as stipulated in Article 86 of this law, the punishment to which he was originally sentenced is to be considered as having been completely executed, and a public pronouncement to the effect shall be made accordingly.
   第八十五条 【假释考验及其积极后果】被假释的犯罪分子,在假释考验期限内,由公安机关予以监督,如果没有本法第八十六条规定的情形,假释考验期满,就认为原判刑罚已经执行完毕,并公开予以宣告。
Article 86. If, during the probation period for parole, a criminal element commits any further crime, the parole is to be revoked and the punishment is to be executed for the punishment that has not been executed for the former crime and the punishment imposed for the latter crime decided according to the stipulations of Article 71 of this law.

If a criminal who is granted parole is discovered to have committed, before the judgment is pronounced, other crimes for which no punishment is imposed, the parole shall be revoked and a combined punishment for several crimes shall be given according to the provisions of Article 70 of this Law.
If, during the probation period for parole, a criminal element violates relevant provisions governing the supervision and control of suspension of sentence provided for in the law, administrative statutes, or regulations of public security departments of the State Council but the violation does not constitutes a new crime, the parole shall be revoked in accordance with the legal procedures and the parolee shall be returned to prison to complete the unfinished prison term.

   第八十六条 【假释的撤销及其处理】被假释的犯罪分子,在假释考验期限内犯新罪,应当撤销假释,依照本法第七十一条的规定实行数罪并罚。
在假释考验期限内,发现被假释的犯罪分子在判决宣告以前还有其他罪没有判决的,应当撤销假释,依照本法第七十条的规定实行数罪并罚。
被假释的犯罪分子,在假释考验期限内,有违反法律、行政法规或者国务院公安部门有关假释的监督管理规定的行为,尚未构成新的犯罪的,应当依照法定程序撤销假释,收监执行未执行完毕的刑罚。

Section 8. Limitation
 

第八节 时效


Article 87. Crimes are not to be prosecuted where the following periods have elapsed:
   第八十七条 【追诉时效期限】犯罪经过下列期限不再追诉:
(1) in cases where the maximum legally-prescribed punishment is fixed-term imprisonment of less than five years, where five years have elapsed;
 (一)法定最高刑为不满五年有期徒刑的,经过五年;
(2) in cases where the maximum legally-prescribed punishment is fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and less than ten years, where ten years have elapsed.
 (二)法定最高刑为五年以上不满十年有期徒刑的,经过十年;
(3) in cases where the maximum fixed-term imprisonment is not less than ten years, where fifteen years have elapsed.
 (三)法定最高刑为十年以上有期徒刑的,经过十五年;
(4) in cases where the maximum legally-prescribed punishment is life-imprisonment or death, where twenty Years have elapsed. If it is considered that a crime must be prosecuted after twenty years, the matter must be submitted to the Supreme People's Procuratorate for approval.
 (四)法定最高刑为无期徒刑、死刑的,经过二十年。如果二十年以后认为必须追诉的,须报请最高人民检察院核准。
Article 88. No limitation on the period for prosecution is to be imposed in cases where, after the people's procuratorates, public security organs, or state security organs have filed to investigate or after the people' s courts have decided to hear the cases, the criminal element escapes from investigation or adjudication.
No limitation on the period for prosecution is to be imposed in cases where, after the victims filed charges within the period for prosecution, the people' s court, people's procuratorates, or public security organs refused to file for investigation as they should.
   第八十八条 【追诉期限的延长】在人民检察院、公安机关、国家安全机关立案侦查或者在人民法院受理案件以后,逃避侦查或者审判的,不受追诉期限的限制。
被害人在追诉期限内提出控告,人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关应当立案而不予立案的,不受追诉期限的限制。
Article 89. The period for prosecution is counted as commencing on the date of the crime; if the criminal act is of a continuous or continuing nature, it is counted as commencing on the date the criminal act is completed.
If any further crime is committed during the period for prosecution, the period for prosecution of the former crime is counted as commencing on the date of the latter crime.
   第八十九条 【追诉期限的计算与中断】追诉期限从犯罪之日起计算;犯罪行为有连续或者继续状态的,从犯罪行为终了之日起计算。
在追诉期限以内又犯罪的,前罪追诉的期限从犯后罪之日起计算。

Chapter V Other Provisions
 

第五章 其他规定


Article 90. In situations where the autonomous areas inhabited by ethnic groups cannot completely apply the stipulations of this law, the people's congresses of the autonomous regions or of the provinces may formulate alternative or supplementary provisions based upon the political, economic, and cultural characteristics of the local ethnic groups and the basic principles of the stipulations of this law, and these provisions shall go into effect after they have been submitted to and approved by the National People's Congress Standing Committee.
   第九十条 【民族自治地方刑法适用的变通】民族自治地方不能全部适用本法规定的,可以由自治区或者省的人民代表大会根据当地民族的政治、经济、文化的特点和本法规定的基本原则,制定变通或者补充的规定,报请全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准施行。
Article 91. The term "public property" in this law refers to the following property:
   第九十一条 【公共财产的范围】本法所称公共财产,是指下列财产:
(1) property owned by the state;
 (一)国有财产;
(2) property owned collectively by the laboring masses;
 (二)劳动群众集体所有的财产;
(3) public donations to be used for aiding the poor and other public services, or property of special funds.
Private property that is being managed, used or transported by state organs, state-owned corporations, enterprises, collective enterprises, and people's organizations is to be treated as public property.
 (三)用于扶贫和其他公益事业的社会捐助或者专项基金的财产。
在国家机关、国有公司、企业、集体企业和人民团体管理、使用或者运输中的私人财产,以公共财产论。
Article 92. The term "citizens' private property" in this law refers to the following property:
   第九十二条 【公民私人所有财产的范围】本法所称公民私人所有的财产,是指下列财产:
(1) citizens' lawful income, savings, houses and other means of livelihood;
 (一)公民的合法收入、储蓄、房屋和其他生活资料;
(2) means of production that are under individual or family ownership according to law;
 (二)依法归个人、家庭所有的生产资料;
(3) lawful property of independent businesses and private enterprises;
 (三)个体户和私营企业的合法财产;
(4) shares, stocks, securities and other property that are under individual ownership according to law.
 (四)依法归个人所有的股份、股票、债券和其他财产。
Article 93. The term "state personnel" in this law refers to all personnel of state organs.
Personnel engaged in public service in state-owned corporations, enterprises, institutions, and people's organizations; and personnel which state organs, state-owned corporations, enterprises, and institutions assign to engage in public service in nonstate-owned corporations, enterprises, institutions, and social organizations; as well as other working personnel engaged in public service according to the law, are to be treated as state personnel.
   第九十三条 【国家工作人员的范围】本法所称国家工作人员,是指国家机关中从事公务的人员。
国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体中从事公务的人员和国家机关、国有公司、企业、事业单位委派到非国有公司、企业、事业单位、社会团体从事公务的人员,以及其他依照法律从事公务的人员,以国家工作人员论。
Article 94. The term "judicial personnel" in this law refers to personnel engaged in the functions of investigating, prosecuting, adjudicating, supervising and controlling offenders.
   第九十四条 【司法工作人员的范围】本法所称司法工作人员,是指有侦查、检察、审判、监管职责的工作人员。
Article 95. The term "serious injury" in this law refers to any one of the following injuries:
   第九十五条 【重伤】本法所称重伤,是指有下列情形之一的伤害:
(1) injuries resulting in loss of the use of a person's limbs or disfigurement;
 (一)使人肢体残废或者毁人容貌的;
(2) injuries resulting in loss of the use of a person's hearing, sight, or functions of any other organ; or
 (二)使人丧失听觉、视觉或者其他器官机能的;
(3) other injuries that cause grave harm to a person's physical health.
 (三)其他对于人身健康有重大伤害的。
Article 96. The phrase "violating state stipulations" in this law refers to violation of laws and decisions formulated by the National People's Congress or the National People's Congress Standing Committee; and administrative measures prescribed in administrative ordinance and regulations formulated by the State Council; as well as decisions and decrees the State Council promulgated.
   第九十六条 【违反国家规定之含义】本法所称违反国家规定,是指违反全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的法律和决定,国务院制定的行政法规、规定的行政措施、发布的决定和命令。
Article 97. The term "ringleader" in this law refers to a criminal element who plays the role of organizing, planning or directing a criminal group or a crowd assembled to commit a crime.
   第九十七条 【首要分子的范围】本法所称首要分子,是指在犯罪集团或者聚众犯罪中起组织、策划、指挥作用的犯罪分子。
Article 98. The phrase "To be handled only upon complaint" in this law refers to handling a case only when the victim files a complaint. If the victim is unable to file a complaint because of coercion or intimidation, a people's procuratorate and the victim's close relatives may also file the complaint.
   第九十八条 【告诉才处理的含义】本法所称告诉才处理,是指被害人告诉才处理。如果被害人因受强制、威吓无法告诉的,人民检察院和被害人的近亲属也可以告诉。
Article 99. Such phrases as "not less than," "not more than" and "within" in this law all include the given figure.
   第九十九条 【以上、以下、以内之界定】本法所称以上、以下、以内,包括本数。
Article 100. When people join the military, or seek employment, those who received criminal punishments according to law shall factually report to the relevant units the punishments they had received and may not conceal them.
   第一百条 【前科报告制度】依法受过刑事处罚的人,在入伍、就业的时候,应当如实向有关单位报告自己曾受过刑事处罚,不得隐瞒。
Article 101. The General Provisions of this law are applicable to other laws and decrees with stipulations for criminal punishments, but other laws having special stipulations are exceptions.
   第一百零一条 【总则的效力】本法总则适用于其他有刑罚规定的法律,但是其他法律有特别规定的除外。

Part II Special Provisions
 

第二编 分则

Chapter I Crimes of Endangering National Security
 

第一章 危害国家安全罪


Article 102. Whoever colludes with foreign states in plotting to harm the motherland's sovereignty, territorial integrity and security is to be sentenced to life imprisonment or not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph in collusion with institutions, organization, or individuals outside the country shall be punished according to the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.
   第一百零二条 【背叛国家罪】勾结外国,危害中华人民共和国的主权、领土完整和安全的,处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。
与境外机构、组织、个人相勾结,犯前款罪的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 103. Whoever organizes, plots, or acts to split the country or undermine national unification, the ringleader, or the one whose crime is grave, is to be sentenced to life imprisonment or not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment; other active participants are to be sentenced to not less than three but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; and other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.
Whoever instigates to split the country and undermine national unification is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; ringleaders or those whose crimes are grave are to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百零三条 【分裂国家罪、煽动分裂国家罪】组织、策划、实施分裂国家、破坏国家统一的,对首要分子或者罪行重大的,处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑;对积极参加的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;对其他参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
煽动分裂国家、破坏国家统一的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;首要分子或者罪行重大的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 104. Whoever organizes, plots, or carries out armed rebellion, or armed riots, the ringleaders, or those who crimes are grave, are to be sentenced to life imprisonment, or not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; the active participants are to be sentenced from not less than three to not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; and other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.
Whoever instigates, coerces, lures, and bribes state personnel, members of the armed forces, people's police or people's militia to carry out armed rebellion or armed riot are to be heavily punished according to the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.
   第一百零四条 【武装叛乱、暴乱罪】组织、策划、实施武装叛乱或者武装暴乱的,对首要分子或者罪行重大的,处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑;对积极参加的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;对其他参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
策动、胁迫、勾引、收买国家机关工作人员、武装部队人员、人民警察、民兵进行武装叛乱或者武装暴乱的,依照前款的规定从重处罚。
Article 105. Whoever organizes, plots, or acts to subvert the political power of the state and overthrow the socialist system, the ringleaders or those whose crimes are grave are to be sentenced to life imprisonment, or not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; active participants are to be sentenced from not less than three years to not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.
Whoever instigates the subversion of the political power of the state and overthrow the socialist system through spreading rumors, slandering, or other ways are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; the ringleaders and those whose crimes are grave are to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百零五条 【颠覆国家政权罪、煽动颠覆国家政权罪】组织、策划、实施颠覆国家政权、推翻社会主义制度的,对首要分子或者罪行重大的,处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑;对积极参加的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;对其他参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
以造谣、诽谤或者其他方式煽动颠覆国家政权、推翻社会主义制度的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;首要分子或者罪行重大的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 106. Whoever colludes with institutions, organizations, or individuals outside the country and commits crimes stipulated in Articles 103, 104, and 105 of this chapter are to be heavily punished according to the stipulations in the articles.
   第一百零六条 【与境外勾结的处罚规定】与境外机构、组织、个人相勾结,实施本章第一百零三条、第一百零四条、第一百零五条规定之罪的,依照各该条的规定从重处罚。
Article 107. When institutions, organizations, or individuals inside or outside the country provide financial support for organizations or individuals in the country to commit the crimes stipulated in Articles 102, 103, 104, and 105, their direct persons in charge are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; and if the case is serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百零七条 【资助危害国家安全犯罪活动罪】境内外机构、组织或者个人资助境内组织或者个人实施本章第一百零二条、第一百零三条、第一百零四条、第一百零五条规定之罪的,对直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 108. Whoever defects to the enemy and turns traitor is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are serious or when it is a case of leading a group of armed personnel, people's police, or militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor, the sentence is to be not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment.
   第一百零八条 【投敌叛变罪】投敌叛变的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节严重或者带领武装部队人员、人民警察、民兵投敌叛变的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
Article 109. If a state organ personnel, during the time of performing his public functions, leave his post without authorization and defects from the country; or if the defection takes place when he is already outside the country, thereby endangering the PRC's national security, he is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, he is to be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
When a state personnel handling state secrets commits the crime in the preceding paragraph, he is to be heavily punished according to the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.
   第一百零九条 【叛逃罪】国家机关工作人员在履行公务期间,擅离岗位,叛逃境外或者在境外叛逃,危害中华人民共和国国家安全的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
掌握国家秘密的国家工作人员犯前款罪的,依照前款的规定从重处罚。
Article 110. Whoever commits any of the following acts of espionage and endangers national security is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; when the circumstances are relatively minor, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-termed imprisonment:
   第一百一十条 【间谍罪】有下列间谍行为之一,危害国家安全的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑;情节较轻的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑:
(1) Joining an espionage organization or accepting a mission assigned by it or its agent; or
 (一)参加间谍组织或者接受间谍组织及其代理人的任务的;
(2) Pointing out bombing or shelling targets to the enemy.
 (二)为敌人指示轰击目标的。
Article 111. Whoever steals, secretly gathers, purchases, or illegally provides state secrets or intelligence for an organization, institution, or personnel outside the country is to be sentenced from not less than five years to not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when circumstances are particularly serious, he is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed- term imprisonment, or life sentence; and when circumstances are relatively minor, he is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.
   第一百一十一条 【为境外窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供国家秘密、情报罪】为境外的机构、组织、人员窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供国家秘密或者情报的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑;情节较轻的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 112. Whoever supplies arms and ammunition or other military materials to an enemy during war time is to be sentence to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; and when the circumstances are relatively minor, he will be sentenced a fixed-term imprisonment from not less than three years to not more than 10 years.
   第一百一十二条 【资敌罪】战时供给敌人武器装备、军用物资资敌的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑;情节较轻的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 113. When one commits the aforementioned crimes in this chapter that endanger national security -- except those stipulated in the second clause of Article 103, and Articles 105, 107 and 109 -- and has incurred particularly serious harms to the country and the people, and the circumstances are particularly vile, he may be sentenced to death.
Whoever commits the crimes in this chapter may also be punished by having his property confiscated.
   第一百一十三条 【危害国家安全罪适用死刑、没收财产的规定】本章上述危害国家安全罪行中,除第一百零三条第二款、第一百零五条、第一百零七条、第一百零九条外,对国家和人民危害特别严重、情节特别恶劣的,可以判处死刑。
犯本章之罪的,可以并处没收财产。

Chapter II Crimes of Endangering Public Security
 

第二章 危害公共安全罪


Article 114. Whoever endangers public security by setting fires,breaching dikes, causing explosions, administering poison; or employing other dangerous means to sabotage factories, mines, oilfields, seaports, rivers, water sources, warehouses, dwellings, forests, farms, threshing grounds, ranches, important pipelines, public buildings, and other public and private property is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment in cases where serious consequences have not been caused.
   第一百一十四条 【放火罪、决水罪、爆炸罪、投毒罪、以危险方法危害公共安全罪之一】放火、决水、爆炸、投毒或者以其他危险方法破坏工厂、矿场、油田、港口、河流、水源、仓库、住宅、森林、农场、谷场、牧场、重要管道、公共建筑物或者其他公私财产,危害公共安全,尚未造成严重后果的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 115. Whoever sets fire, breaches dikes, causes explosions, and spreads poison; employs other dangerous means that lead to serious injuries or death; or causes public or private property major losses is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death.
Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not less than three years to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, or criminal detention, when circumstances are relatively minor.
   第一百一十五条 【放火罪、决水罪、爆炸罪、投毒罪、以危险方法危害公共安全罪之二】放火、决水、爆炸、投毒或者以其他危险方法致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
过失犯前款罪的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节较轻的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 116. Whoever sabotages trains, motor vehicles, streetcars, ships, or airplanes in a manner sufficient to threaten the overturning or destruction of these trains, motor vehicles, streetcars, ships, or airplanes is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, in cases when serious consequences have not been caused.
   第一百一十六条 【破坏交通工具罪】破坏火车、汽车、电车、船只、航空器,足以使火车、汽车、电车、船只、航空器发生倾覆、毁坏危险,尚未造成严重后果的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 117. Whoever sabotages railroads, bridges, tunnels, highways, airports, waterways, lighthouses or signs, or conducts other destructive activities in a manner sufficient to threaten the overturning or destruction of trains, motor vehicles, streets, ships or airplanes, is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment in cases where serious consequences have not been caused.
   第一百一十七条 【破坏交通设施罪】破坏轨道、桥梁、隧道、公路、机场、航道、灯塔、标志或者进行其他破坏活动,足以使火车、汽车、电车、船只、航空器发生倾覆、毁坏危险,尚未造成严重后果的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 118. Whoever endangers public security by sabotaging electric power, gas or other combustible or explosive equipment is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten yeas of fixed-term imprisonment in cases where serious consequences have not been caused.
   第一百一十八条 【破坏电力设备罪、破坏易燃易爆设备罪】破坏电力、燃气或者其他易燃易爆设备,危害公共安全,尚未造成严重后果的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 119. Whoever causes serious consequences by sabotaging means of transportation, transportation equipment, electric power or gas equipment, or combustible or explosive equipment is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death.
Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, or criminal detention if circumstances are relatively minor.
   第一百一十九条 【破坏交通工具罪、破坏交通设施罪、破坏电力设备罪、破坏易燃易爆设备罪】破坏交通工具、交通设施、电力设备、燃气设备、易燃易爆设备,造成严重后果的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
过失犯前款罪的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节较轻的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 120. Whoever organizes, leads, and actively participates in a terrorist organization is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph and also commits murder, explosion, or kidnapping is to be punished according to the regulations for punishing multiple crimes.
   第一百二十条 【组织、领导、参加恐怖组织罪】组织、领导和积极参加恐怖活动组织的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;其他参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
犯前款罪并实施杀人、爆炸、绑架等犯罪的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。
Article 121. Whoever hijacks an airplane through violence, coercion, or other means is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; or death if the hijacking causes serious injuries, death, or serious destruction of the airplane.
   第一百二十一条 【劫持航空器罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法劫持航空器的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑;致人重伤、死亡或者使航空器遭受严重破坏的,处死刑。
Article 122. Whoever hijacks a ship or motor vehicle through violence, coercion, or other means is to be sentenced to not less than five years but not more than 10 years of fixed-termed imprisonment; or not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, of life imprisonment, if the hijacking causes serious consequences.
   第一百二十二条 【劫持船只、汽车罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法劫持船只、汽车的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;造成严重后果的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
Article 123. Whoever uses violence on personnel on an in-flight airplane and endangers flying safety is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-termed imprisonment or criminal detention in case no serious consequences have been caused; or not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment if serious consequences have been caused.
   第一百二十三条 【暴力危及飞行安全罪】对飞行中的航空器上的人员使用暴力,危及飞行安全,尚未造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成严重后果的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 124. Whoever sabotages radio and television broadcasting facilities, public telecommunications facilities, and endangers public safety is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment if serious consequences have been caused.
Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention in case the circumstances are relatively minor.
   第一百二十四条 【破坏广播电视设施、公用电信设施罪】破坏广播电视设施、公用电信设施,危害公共安全的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;造成严重后果的,处七年以上有期徒刑。
过失犯前款罪的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节较轻的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 125. Whoever illegally manufactures, trades, transports, mails, or stocks up guns, ammunition, or explosives is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-termed imprisonment; or not less than 10 years of imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death if the consequences are serious.
Whoever illegally trades or transports nuclear materials is to be punished according to stipulations in the preceding paragraph.
If a unit commits the crime in the preceding two paragraphs, the unit will be fined, and its direct person in charge and other persons in charge are to be punished according to the regulations in the first paragraph.
   第一百二十五条 【非法制造、买卖、运输、邮寄、储存枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪、非法买卖、运输核材料罪】非法制造、买卖、运输、邮寄、储存枪支、弹药、爆炸物的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
非法买卖、运输核材料的,依照前款的规定处罚。
单位犯前两款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照第一款的规定处罚。
Article 126. Any enterprises which are legally designated or determined to manufacture or sell guns, violate the regulations governing gun management by performing one of the following acts, the units are to be fined and personnel who are in charge and directly responsible together with other personnel who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the consequences are serious, to not less than five years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment ; when the consequences are particularly serious, to not less than 10 years of fixed- term imprisonment or life imprisonment:
   第一百二十六条 【违规制造、销售枪支罪】依法被指定、确定的枪支制造企业、销售企业,违反枪支管理规定,有下列行为之一的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑:
(1) for the purpose of illegal sale, manufacture or allocation guns whose numbers exceed quotas or whose varieties do not meet the regulations;
 (一)以非法销售为目的,超过限额或者不按照规定的品种制造、配售枪支的;
(2) for the purpose of illegal sale, manufacture guns without a number, or with an overlapped number, or with a fake number;
 (二)以非法销售为目的,制造无号、重号、假号的枪支的;
(3) illegally sell guns or sell guns manufactured for export inside the territory .
 (三)非法销售枪支或者在境内销售为出口制造的枪支的。
Article 127. Whoever steals, seizes guns, ammunition, and explosive articles is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are serious, to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death penalty.
Whoever steals guns, ammunition, explosive articles, or steals, seizes guns, ammunition, explosive articles from the state's organs, military and police personnel, people's militia is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death penalty.
   第一百二十七条 【盗窃、抢夺、抢劫枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪】盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
抢劫枪支、弹药、爆炸物或者盗窃、抢夺国家机关、军警人员、民兵的枪支、弹药、爆炸物的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 128. Whoever violates the regulations governing gun management by owning or unlawfully possessing, guns and ammunition is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; when the circumstances are serious, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Any personnel who are provided with official-use guns who illegally lease or lend the guns are to be punished in accordance with the previous paragraph.
Any personnel who are provided with official-use guns who illegally lease or lend the guns, thereby causing serious consequences are to be punished in accordance with the first paragraph.
Any units committing such crimes as stated in the second and third paragraph, are to be fined and personnel who are in charge and directly responsible are to be punished in accordance with the regulation of the first paragraph.
   第一百二十八条 【非法持有、私藏枪支、弹药罪、非法出租、出借枪支罪】违反枪支管理规定,非法持有、私藏枪支、弹药的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
依法配备公务用枪的人员,非法出租、出借枪支的,依照前款的规定处罚。
依法配置枪支的人员,非法出租、出借枪支,造成严重后果的,依照第一款的规定处罚。
单位犯第二款、第三款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照第一款的规定处罚。
Article 129. Any personnel who are provided with official-use guns who lose the guns without reporting the loss in a timely fashion, thereby causing serious consequences are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第一百二十九条 【丢失枪支不报罪】依法配备公务用枪的人员,丢失枪支不及时报告,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 130. Whoever illegally carries guns, ammunition, controlled knives and tools, articles of an explosive, combustible, radioactive, poisonous or corrosive nature into a public place or public transportation vehicle, thereby endangering public safety, is to be sentenced, when the circumstances are serious, to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, detention, or control when the circumstances are serious.
   第一百三十条 【非法携带枪支、弹药、管制刀具、危险物品危及公共安全罪】非法携带枪支、弹药、管制刀具或者爆炸性、易燃性、放射性、毒害性、腐蚀性物品,进入公共场所或者公共交通工具,危及公共安全,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 131. Any aviation personnel who violate the rules and regulations thereby causing major air accidents and serious consequences are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or detention; when causing the crash of an airplane or the death of personnel are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十一条 【重大飞行事故罪】航空人员违反规章制度,致使发生重大飞行事故,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成飞机坠毁或者人员死亡的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 132. Any railway staff and workers who violate the rules and regulations thereby giving rise to accidents affecting the safety of railway operation are to be sentenced to not less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十二条 【铁路运营安全事故罪】铁路职工违反规章制度,致使发生铁路运营安全事故,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 133. Whoever violates traffic and transportation laws and regulations thereby giving rise to major accidents involving severe injuries, deaths, or great losses of public and private properties are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment; when fleeing the scene after an traffic and transportation accident or under other particularly odious circumstances, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when running away causes a person's death, to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十三条 【交通肇事罪】违反交通运输管理法规,因而发生重大事故,致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;交通运输肇事后逃逸或者有其他特别恶劣情节的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;因逃逸致人死亡的,处七年以上有期徒刑。
Article 134. The staff and workers of factories, mines, forestry centers, construction enterprises or other enterprises and institutions who do not submit to management and violate the rules and regulations or force workers to work in a risky way in violation of the rules, thereby giving rise to major accidents involving injury or death and causing other serious consequences, are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are particularly odious, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十四条 【重大责任事故罪】工厂、矿山、林场、建筑企业或者其他企业、事业单位的职工,由于不服管理、违反规章制度,或者强令工人违章冒险作业,因而发生重大伤亡事故或者造成其他严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别恶劣的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 135. Any factories, mines, forestry centers, construction enterprises or other enterprises and institutions that have labor safety facilities failing to conform with the state's regulations and do not take measures to prevent hidden dangers after a request was made by relevant departments or the units' staff and workers, thereby giving rise to major accidents involving injury or death or other serious consequences, personnel who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are particularly odious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十五条 【重大劳动安全事故罪】工厂、矿山、林场、建筑企业或者其他企业、事业单位的劳动安全设施不符合国家规定,经有关部门或者单位职工提出后,对事故隐患仍不采取措施,因而发生重大伤亡事故或者造成其他严重后果的,对直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别恶劣的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 136. Whoever violates the regulations on the control of articles of an explosive; combustible, radioactive, poisonous or corrosive nature, thereby giving rise to a major accident in the course of production, storage, transportation or use and causing serious consequences, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十六条 【危险物品肇事罪】违反爆炸性、易燃性、放射性、毒害性、腐蚀性物品的管理规定,在生产、储存、运输、使用中发生重大事故,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 137. When construction, design, working, and engineering supervision units violate the state's regulations by reducing the quality standard of the projects, thereby giving rise to a major safety accident, those who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, in addition to fine; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, in addition to fine.
   第一百三十七条 【工程重大安全事故罪】建设单位、设计单位、施工单位、工程监理单位违反国家规定,降低工程质量标准,造成重大安全事故的,对直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;后果特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 138. When school buildings or educational and teaching facilities are obviously known to be dangerous but measures are not taken or reports are not made in a timely fashion, thereby giving rise to a major accident, those who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十八条 【教育设施重大安全事故罪】明知校舍或者教育教学设施有危险,而不采取措施或者不及时报告,致使发生重大伤亡事故的,对直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 139. When rules of fire prevention and control are violated and the notification, given by a supervision organ of fire prevention and control, to take corrective measures are refused, thereby giving rise to severe consequences, those who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第一百三十九条 【消防责任事故罪】违反消防管理法规,经消防监督机构通知采取改正措施而拒绝执行,造成严重后果的,对直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Chapter III Crimes of Undermining the Order of Socialist Market Economy
 

第三章 破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪

Section 1. Crimes of Manufacturing and Selling Fake and Shoddy Goods
 

第一节 生产、销售伪劣商品罪


Article 140. Any producer or seller who mixes up or adulterates products, passes fake imitations for genuine, sells seconds at best quality price, or passes unqualified products as qualified ones, with a sale amount of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan, is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the sale amount is not less than 200,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan, is to be sentenced to not less than two years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the sale amount is not less than 500,000 yuan and not more than 2 million yuan, is to be sentenced to not less than seven years and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200percent of the sale amount; when the sale amount is not less than two million yuan, is to be sentenced to 15 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.
   第一百四十条 【生产、销售伪劣产品罪】生产者、销售者在产品中掺杂、掺假,以假充真,以次充好或者以不合格产品冒充合格产品,销售金额五万元以上不满二十万元的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;销售金额二十万元以上不满五十万元的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;销售金额五十万元以上不满二百万元的,处七年以上有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;销售金额二百万元以上的,处十五年有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 141. Whoever produces or sells fake medicines which are sufficiently able to seriously endanger human health is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing serious harm to human health, is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing death or particular harm to human health, is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death penalty and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.
The fake medicines referred to in this article mean those fake medicines as well as those medicines and non- medicines that fall into such a category as to be dealt with as fake medicines in accordance with the regulations of the "Law of the PRC Governing the Management of Pharmaceutical Products."
   第一百四十一条 【生产、销售假药罪】生产、销售假药,足以严重危害人体健康的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;对人体健康造成严重危害的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;致人死亡或者对人体健康造成特别严重危害的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
本条所称假药,是指依照《中华人民共和国药品管理法》的规定属于假药和按假药处理的药品、非药品。
Article 142. Whoever produces, sells inferior medicines, thereby causing severe harm to human health is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.
The inferior medicines referred to in this article mean those inferior pharmaceutical products that fall into the category of inferior medicines in accordance with the regulations of the "Law of the PRC Governing the Management of Pharmaceutical Products."
   第一百四十二条 【生产、销售劣药罪】生产、销售劣药,对人体健康造成严重危害的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;后果特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
本条所称劣药,是指依照《中华人民共和国药品管理法》的规定属于劣药的药品。
Article 143. Whoever produces, sells foods that do not conform with hygienic standards which sufficiently gives rise to food poisoning accidents or other severe food- originated diseases is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing serious harm to human health, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the circumstances are particularly serious, to be not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.
   第一百四十三条 【生产、销售不符合卫生标准的食品罪】生产、销售不符合卫生标准的食品,足以造成严重食物中毒事故或者其他严重食源性疾患的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;对人体健康造成严重危害的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;后果特别严重的,处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 144. Whoever produces, sells foods that are mixed with poisonous or harmful non-food materials or knowingly sells such things is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing serious food poisoning accidents or other serious food-originated diseases and giving rise to serious harm to human health, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing death or particularly harm to human health, is to be punished in accordance with article 141 of the law.
   第一百四十四条 【生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪】在生产、销售的食品中掺入有毒、有害的非食品原料的,或者销售明知掺有有毒、有害的非食品原料的食品的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;造成严重食物中毒事故或者其他严重食源性疾患,对人体健康造成严重危害的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;致人死亡或者对人体健康造成特别严重危害的,依照本法第一百四十一条的规定处罚。
Article 145. Whoever produces medical apparatus and instruments, and clinic-use sanitary materials which do not conform with the standards of the state and the trade aiming at protecting human health or knowingly sells such things, thereby giving rise to serious harm to human health is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the circumstances are particularly odious, the sentence is to be not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.
   第一百四十五条 【生产、销售不符合标准的卫生器材罪】生产不符合保障人体健康的国家标准、行业标准的医疗器械、医用卫生材料,或者销售明知是不符合保障人体健康的国家标准、行业标准的医疗器械、医用卫生材料,对人体健康造成严重危害的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;后果特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金,其中情节特别恶劣的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 146. Whoever produces electrical appliances, pressure containers, explosive and combustible products that do not conform with the standards of the state and the trade aiming to protect the human safety and property or other products that do not conform with such standards or knowingly sells the above-mentioned products thereby giving rise to serious consequences is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale.
   第一百四十六条 【生产、销售不符合安全标准的产品罪】生产不符合保障人身、财产安全的国家标准、行业标准的电器、压力容器、易燃易爆产品或者其他不符合保障人身、财产安全的国家标准、行业标准的产品,或者销售明知是以上不符合保障人身、财产安全的国家标准、行业标准的产品,造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;后果特别严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金。
Article 147. Whoever produces fake insecticides, fake animal-use medicines, fake chemical fertilizers or knowingly sells insecticides, animal-use medicines, chemical fertilizers and seeds which are fake or are no longer effective or any producer or seller who passes unqualified insecticides, animal-use medicines, chemical fertilizers and seeds as qualified ones, thereby giving rise to relatively large losses in production is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing grave losses in production, is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing particularly grave losses in production, is to be sentenced to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment or confiscation of property.
   第一百四十七条 【生产、销售伪劣农药、兽药、化肥、种子罪】生产假农药、假兽药、假化肥,销售明知是假的或者失去使用效能的农药、兽药、化肥、种子,或者生产者、销售者以不合格的农药、兽药、化肥、种子冒充合格的农药、兽药、化肥、种子,使生产遭受较大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;使生产遭受重大损失的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金;使生产遭受特别重大损失的,处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 148. Production of cosmetics that fails to meet hygienic standards or knowingly selling such cosmetics that cause serious consequences shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, and a fine of over 50 percent but less than 100 percent of the sales amount.
   第一百四十八条 【生产、销售不符合卫生标准的化妆品罪】生产不符合卫生标准的化妆品,或者销售明知是不符合卫生标准的化妆品,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处销售金额百分之五十以上二倍以下罚金。
Article 149. The production and selling of products prescribed under Articles 141 to 148 of this Section that does not constitute an offense under these articles but with sales amount exceeding 50,000 yuan, shall be convicted and punished according to provisions under Article 140 of this Section.
The production and selling of products prescribed under Articles 141 and 148 of this Section that constitutes an offense under these articles and Article 140, shall be convicted and punished under provisions carrying a heavier penalty.
   第一百四十九条 【对生产、销售伪劣商品行为的法条适用原则】生产、销售本节第一百四十一条至第一百四十八条所列产品,不构成各该条规定的犯罪,但是销售金额在五万元以上的,依照本节第一百四十条的规定定罪处罚。
生产、销售本节第一百四十一条至第一百四十八条所列产品,构成各该条规定的犯罪,同时又构成本节第一百四十条规定之罪的,依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。
Article 150. Units violating provisions between Articles 140 and 148 of this Section shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished according to provisions under the respective articles.
   第一百五十条 【单位犯本节规定之罪的处罚规定】单位犯本节第一百四十条至第一百四十八条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照各该条的规定处罚。

Section 2. Smuggling Offenses
 

第二节 走私罪


Article 151. Smuggling arms, ammunitions, nuclear materials, or counterfeit currency notes shall be sentenced to imprisonment of over seven years, with a fine or forfeiture of property; for the less serious offenses to imprisonment of more than three years but less than seven years, and with fine.
Smuggling out of the country prohibited cultural relics, gold, silver, and other precious metals and rare animals and their products shall be sentenced to imprisonment of over five years with fine; for less serious offenses to imprisonment of less than five years with fine.
Smuggling out of the country prohibited rare plants and their products shall be sentenced to imprisonment of less than five years with fine; or a fine alone; for serious cases, to imprisonment of over five years with fine.
Offenses of an extraordinarily serious nature under Paragraphs 1 and 2 should be punished with life imprisonment or death, with forfeiture of property.
Units violating provisions under this article shall be fined, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished under the respective paragraphs of this article.
   第一百五十一条 【走私武器、弹药罪、走私核材料罪、走私假币罪;走私文物罪、走私贵重金属罪、走私珍贵动物罪、走私珍贵动物制品罪;走私珍稀植物、珍稀植物制品罪】走私武器、弹药、核材料或者伪造的货币的,处七年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产;情节较轻的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
走私国家禁止出口的文物、黄金、白银和其他贵重金属或者国家禁止进出口的珍贵动物及其制品的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节较轻的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
走私国家禁止进出口的珍稀植物及其制品的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处或者单处罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
犯第一款、第二款罪,情节特别严重的,处无期徒刑或者死刑,并处没收财产。
单位犯本条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照本条各款的规定处罚。
Article 152. Smuggling obscene movies, video tapes, audio tapes, pictures, books and journals, and other obscene articles for profit or dissemination shall be punished with imprisonment of more than three years but less than ten years with fine; for offenses of a serious nature to over ten years of imprisonment or life imprisonment, with fine or forfeiture of property; for offenses of a less serious nature to imprisonment or criminal detention or restraint of less than three years, and with fine.
Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished under provisions of the preceding paragraph.
   第一百五十二条 【走私淫秽物品罪】以牟利或者传播为目的,走私淫秽的影片、录像带、录音带、图片、书刊或者其他淫秽物品的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产;情节较轻的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 153. Smuggling goods and articles not mentioned in Articles 151, 152, and 347, as mentioned in Article 153, shall be respectively punished according to the following provisions, depending on seriousness of the offense:
   第一百五十三条 【走私普通货物、物品罪】走私本法第一百五十一条、第一百五十二条、第三百四十七条规定以外的货物、物品的,根据情节轻重,分别依照下列规定处罚:
(1) smuggling goods and articles carrying a tax of over 500,000 yuan shall be punished with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes, or forfeiture of property. Offenses of an extraordinary serious nature shall be punished according to provisions under Paragraph 4 of Article 151 of this law.
 (一)走私货物、物品偷逃应缴税额在五十万元以上的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处偷逃应缴税额一倍以上五倍以下罚金或者没收财产;情节特别严重的,依照本法第一百五十一条第四款的规定处罚。
(2) smuggling goods and articles carrying a tax over 150,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan shall be punished with imprisonment of over three years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes. Offenses of an extraordinarily serious nature shall be punished with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes, or forfeiture of property.
 (二)走私货物、物品偷逃应缴税额在十五万元以上不满五十万元的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处偷逃应缴税额一倍以上五倍以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处偷逃应缴税额一倍以上五倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
(3) smuggling goods and articles carrying a tax over 50,000 yuan and less than 150,000 yuan shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine of over 100 percent and less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes.
Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being sentenced to imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; and, for cases of a serious nature, to imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years; and -- for cases of an extraordinary serious nature -- to imprisonment of over 10 years.
For smuggling cases not being detected for several occasions, fines should be based on an accumulation of all evaded taxes of such goods and articles.
 (三)走私货物、物品偷逃应缴税额在五万元以上不满十五万元的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处偷逃应缴税额一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑。
对多次走私未经处理的,按照累计走私货物、物品的偷逃应缴税额处罚。
Article 154. The following smuggling cases that constitute an offense under provisions of this section shall be convicted and sentenced according to provisions under Article 153 of this law:
   第一百五十四条 【特殊形式的走私普通货物、物品罪】下列走私行为,根据本节规定构成犯罪的,依照本法第一百五十三条的规定定罪处罚:
(1) without the approval of the Customs and before settling defaulted taxes, sale for profit in China of bonded goods approved for import for the purposes of processing, assembly, and compensated trade, including raw and processed materials, parts, finished products, and equipment; and
 (一)未经海关许可并且未补缴应缴税额,擅自将批准进口的来料加工、来件装配、补偿贸易的原材料、零件、制成品、设备等保税货物,在境内销售牟利的;
(2) without the approval of the Customs and before settling defaulted taxes, sale for profits in China of goods and articles with reduced import duties or tax exemption.
 (二)未经海关许可并且未补缴应缴税额,擅自将特定减税、免税进口的货物、物品,在境内销售牟利的。
Article 155. The following acts shall be regarded as smuggling offenses and punished according to the relevant provisions under this Section:
   第一百五十五条 【间接走私行为以相应走私犯罪论处的规定、走私固体废物罪】下列行为,以走私罪论处,依照本节的有关规定处罚:
(1) those who illegally and directly buy from smugglers goods whose import has been banned by the state, or buy directly from smugglers other smuggled goods and articles in relatively large quantities;
 (一)直接向走私人非法收购国家禁止进口物品的,或者直接向走私人非法收购走私进口的其他货物、物品,数额较大的;
(2) those who transport, buy, or sell, in inland seas or territorial waters, goods whose import has been banned by the state; or transport, buy, or sell goods whose import has been restricted by the state, in relatively large quantity and without legal documentation; and
 (二)在内海、领海运输、收购、贩卖国家禁止进出口物品的,或者运输、收购、贩卖国家限制进出口货物、物品,数额较大,没有合法证明的;
(3) those who ship solid wastes into the country without being detected by the Customs.
 (三)逃避海关监管将境外固体废物运输进境的。
Article 156. Whoever colludes with smugglers by supplying them with loans, funds, accounts, invoices, proofs, or such conveniences as transportation, safe- keeping, and mailing services, shall be regarded and punished as smuggling accomplices.
   第一百五十六条 【走私共犯】与走私罪犯通谋,为其提供贷款、资金、帐号、发票、证明,或者为其提供运输、保管、邮寄或者其他方便的,以走私罪的共犯论处。
Article 157. Whoever provides armed escort to smugglers shall be seriously punished according to provisions under the first and fourth paragraphs of Article 151 of this law.
Whoever resorts to violence and threatening measures while resisting Customs detection shall be punished for smuggling and obstructing state organ personnel from enforcing their lawful duties provided under Article 277 of this law, and shall be punished for all offenses committed.
   第一百五十七条 【武装掩护走私、抗拒缉私的处罚规定】武装掩护走私的,依照本法第一百五十一条第一款、第四款的规定从重处罚。
以暴力、威胁方法抗拒缉私的,以走私罪和本法第二百七十七条规定的阻碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务罪,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

Section 3. Offenses Against Company and Enterprise Management Order
 

第三节 妨害对公司、企业的管理秩序罪


Article 158. Using forged certifications to apply for company registration or using other fraudulent means to falsely declare registered capital with intent to deceive company registration departments, where the registered capital so falsely declared is large in figures with serious consequences or of a severe nature, shall be punished by imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 1 percent but less than 5 percent of the falsely declared registered capital.
Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years.
   第一百五十八条 【虚报注册资本罪】申请公司登记使用虚假证明文件或者采取其他欺诈手段虚报注册资本,欺骗公司登记主管部门,取得公司登记,虚报注册资本数额巨大、后果严重或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处虚报注册资本金额百分之一以上百分之五以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 159. Company promoters, shareholders who, in violation of provisions under the Company law, fail to pay up with currency notes, provide actual property, or transfer property rights; or falsely claim to have paid up the capital; or withdraw their capital upon registration of company, where the amount involved is large with serious consequences or of a serious nature, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 2 percent but less than 10 percent of the amount of capital so falsely claimed to have been paid up or so withdrawn.
Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years.
   第一百五十九条 【虚假出资、抽逃出资罪】公司发起人、股东违反公司法的规定未交付货币、实物或者未转移财产权,虚假出资,或者在公司成立后又抽逃其出资,数额巨大、后果严重或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处虚假出资金额或者抽逃出资金额百分之二以上百分之十以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 160. Concealment of material facts or fabrication of major fraudulent contents in share-soliciting prospectuses, share-subscription applications, and bond solicitation by companies and enterprises for the purpose of issuing shares or company or enterprise bonds shall, in cases involving large amounts, with serious consequences, or of a serious nature, be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 1 percent and less than 5 percent of the illegally raised capital.
Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible being punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years.
   第一百六十条 【欺诈发行股票、债券罪】在招股说明书、认股书、公司、企业债券募集办法中隐瞒重要事实或者编造重大虚假内容,发行股票或者公司、企业债券,数额巨大、后果严重或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处非法募集资金金额百分之一以上百分之五以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 161. Personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel of a company that presents false financial accounts or financial accounts with concealment of material facts to its shareholders and members of the public, that seriously hurt their interests, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 20,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan.
   第一百六十一条 【提供虚假财会报告罪】公司向股东和社会公众提供虚假的或者隐瞒重要事实的财务会计报告,严重损害股东或者其他人利益的,对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
Article 162. Personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel of a company or an enterprise that, during its liquidation process, conceal property or make false entries in its balance sheet or asset list, or distribute company or enterprise assets before repaying debts that seriously hurt the interests of creditors and other people, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan.
   第一百六十二条 【妨害清算罪】公司、企业进行清算时,隐匿财产,对资产负债表或者财产清单作虚伪记载或者在未清偿债务前分配公司、企业财产,严重损害债权人或者其他人利益的,对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
Article 163. Enterprise work personnel who make use of their job opportunity to demand property from others, or illegally receive others property in exchange for benefits, shall, in cases involving relatively large amounts, be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention for less than five years; for cases involving a large amount, with imprisonment of over five years, and may be subject to forfeiture of property.
Company and enterprise work personnel, who, in the course of economic contacts, receive personal kick-backs and commissions in various forms in violation of state rules, shall be punished according to provisions under the preceding paragraph.
Personnel performing public duties in state-owned companies and enterprises, and personnel assigned by state- owned companies and enterprises to non-state-owned companies and enterprises for performance of public duties found to be committing the acts mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs, shall be convicted and punished according to provisions under Articles 385 and 386 of this law.
   第一百六十三条 【公司、企业人员受贿罪】公司、企业的工作人员利用职务上的便利,索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;数额巨大的,处五年以上有期徒刑,可以并处没收财产。
公司、企业的工作人员在经济往来中,违反国家规定,收受各种名义的回扣、手续费,归个人所有的,依照前款的规定处罚。
国有公司、企业中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业委派到非国有公司、企业从事公务的人员有前两款行为的,依照本法第三百八十五条、第三百八十六条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 164. Offering property to company and enterprise work personnel for improper benefits shall in cases involving relatively large amounts be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention for less than three years, for cases involving a large amount, with imprisonment of over three years but less than 10 years, and with fine.
Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished according to provisions of the preceding paragraph.
A briber who confesses his bribery act before prosecution may receive a lighter sentence or a waiver for punishment.
   第一百六十四条 【对公司、企业人员行贿罪】为谋取不正当利益,给予公司、企业的工作人员以财物,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;数额巨大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
行贿人在被追诉前主动交待行贿行为的,可以减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
Article 165. Directors and managers of state-owned companies or enterprises who, in order to gain illegal benefits, make use of their job opportunity to conduct for themselves or others business similar to that conducted by companies or enterprises to which they attach, shall, in cases involving a large amount, be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention for less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine, for cases involving extraordinarily large amounts, with imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, and with fine.
   第一百六十五条 【非法经营同类营业罪】国有公司、企业的董事、经理利用职务便利,自己经营或者为他人经营与其所任职公司、企业同类的营业,获取非法利益,数额巨大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;数额特别巨大的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 166. Work personnel in state-owned companies, enterprises, or institutions, who use their job opportunity to commit the following acts that seriously hurt state interests, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine; for cases that cause extraordinary huge losses to state interests, with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years, and with fine:
   第一百六十六条 【为亲友非法牟利罪】国有公司、企业、事业单位的工作人员,利用职务便利,有下列情形之一,使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;致使国家利益遭受特别重大损失的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金:
(1) offering profitable business conducted by their own units to their relatives and friends for operation;
 (一)将本单位的盈利业务交由自己的亲友进行经营的;
(2) buying merchandise from units operated and managed by their relatives and friends at a price apparently higher than market price or selling merchandise to units operated and managed by their relatives and friends at a price apparently lower than market price; or
 (二)以明显高于市场的价格向自己的亲友经营管理的单位采购商品或者以明显低于市场的价格向自己的亲友经营管理的单位销售商品的;
(3) buying substandard merchandise from units operated and managed by their relatives and friends.
 (三)向自己的亲友经营管理的单位采购不合格商品的。
Article 167. People directly in charge of state-owned companies, enterprises, or institutions who are defrauded because of serious irresponsibility during the process of signing or fulfilling contracts and thus cause great damage to national interests shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. If they cause especially serious damage to national interests, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison.
   第一百六十七条 【签订、履行合同失职被骗罪】国有公司、企业、事业单位直接负责的主管人员,在签订、履行合同过程中,因严重不负责任被诈骗,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;致使国家利益遭受特别重大损失的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 168. People directly in charge of state-owned companies or enterprises who cause their companies or enterprises to go bankrupt or suffer serious losses through the practice of favoritism and thus cause great damage to national interests shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention.
   第一百六十八条 【徇私舞弊造成破产、亏损罪】国有公司、企业直接负责的主管人员,徇私舞弊,造成国有公司、企业破产或者严重亏损,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 169. People directly in charge of state-owned companies or enterprises or higher competent departments who cause great damage to national interests by practicing favoritism and converting state-owned assets into low-value stocks or selling them at a low price shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. They shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison if they cause especially serious damage to national interests.
   第一百六十九条 【徇私舞弊低价折股、出售国有资产罪】国有公司、企业或者其上级主管部门直接负责的主管人员,徇私舞弊,将国有资产低价折股或者低价出售,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;致使国家利益遭受特别重大损失的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Section 4. The Crimes of Undermining the Order of Financial Management
 

第四节 破坏金融管理秩序罪


Article 170. Whoever counterfeits money shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan. In any of the following circumstances, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property confiscated:
   第一百七十条 【伪造货币罪】伪造货币的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;有下列情形之一的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) Where the individual concerned is the ringleader of a money-counterfeiting ring;
 (一)伪造货币集团的首要分子;
(2) Where the amount of money involved is especially large;
 (二)伪造货币数额特别巨大的;
(3) Other especially serious circumstances.
 (三)有其他特别严重情节的。
Article 171. Whoever sells or buys a substantial amount of counterfeit money or transports it with the full knowledge that it is counterfeit shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount involved is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan. If the amount is especially huge, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property confiscated.
Employees of banks or other financial institutions who buy counterfeit money or take advantage of their positions to trade counterfeit money for real currency shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, they shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount involved is large or if the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment. In addition, they shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan or have their property confiscated. If the circumstances are not so serious, they shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention.
They shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. Whoever counterfeits money and sells or transports the counterfeit money shall be convicted and given stiff punishment in accordance with the provisions in Article 170 of this law.
   第一百七十一条 【出售、购买、运输假币罪;金融工作人员购买假币、以假币换取货币罪;伪造货币罪】出售、购买伪造的货币或者明知是伪造的货币而运输,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员购买伪造的货币或者利用职务上的便利,以伪造的货币换取货币的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金或者没收财产;情节较轻的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处一万元以上十万元以下罚金。
伪造货币并出售或者运输伪造的货币的,依照本法第一百七十条的规定定罪从重处罚。
Article 172. Whoever knowingly possesses or uses a substantial amount of counterfeit money shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. If the amount involved is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount is especially large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property confiscated.
   第一百七十二条 【持有、使用假币罪】明知是伪造的货币而持有、使用,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;数额巨大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大的,处十年以上有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 173. Whoever alters a substantial amount of money shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. If the amount is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.
   第一百七十三条 【变造货币罪】变造货币,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;数额巨大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
Article 174. Whoever sets up a commercial bank or any other financial institution without the People's Bank of China's permission shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan.
Whoever forges, alters, or transfers the business licenses of commercial banks or other financial institutions shall be punished in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph.
Where the crimes mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs are committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be punished in accordance with the first paragraph.
   第一百七十四条 【擅自设立金融机构罪;伪造、变造、转让金融机构经营许可证罪】未经中国人民银行批准,擅自设立商业银行或者其他金融机构的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金。
伪造、变造、转让商业银行或者其他金融机构经营许可证的,依照前款的规定处罚。
单位犯前两款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照第一款的规定处罚。
Article 175. Whoever illegally obtains credit funds from a financial institution and relends them to other people at a high interest rate with the aim of making a profit shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention, if the amount of illegal proceeds is substantial. In addition, he or she shall be fined a sum not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent as high as the amount of illegal proceeds. If the amount involved is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined a sum not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent as high as the amount of illegal proceeds.
If the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention.
   第一百七十五条 【高利转贷罪】以转贷牟利为目的,套取金融机构信贷资金高利转贷他人,违法所得数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金;数额巨大的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 176. Whoever takes deposits from people illegally or in disguised form and disrupts financial order shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount involved is large or if the circumstances are otherwise serious, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan.
If the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be punished in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph.
   第一百七十六条 【非法吸收公众存款罪】非法吸收公众存款或者变相吸收公众存款,扰乱金融秩序的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 177. Whoever forges or alters financial bills in any of the following ways shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan. If the circumstances are especially serious, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property confiscated:
   第一百七十七条 【伪造、变造金融票证罪】有下列情形之一,伪造、变造金融票证的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) Forging or altering bank drafts, cashier's checks, and checks;
 (一)伪造、变造汇票、本票、支票的;
(2) Forging or altering documents authorizing collection of payments, remittance documents, certificates of deposit, and other account-settlement documents;
 (二)伪造、变造委托收款凭证、汇款凭证、银行存单等其他银行结算凭证的;
(3) Forging or altering letters of credit or accompanying documents;
 (三)伪造、变造信用证或者附随的单据、文件的;
(4) Forging credit cards.
If the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be punished in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph.
 (四)伪造信用卡的。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 178. Whoever forges or alters treasury bonds or other negotiable securities issued by the state involving a substantial amount of money shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan. If the amount is especially large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property confiscated.
Whoever forges or alters share certificates or company and enterprise bonds involving a substantial amount of money shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. If the amount is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.
If the crimes mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs are committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be punished in accordance with the provisions in the preceding two paragraphs.
   第一百七十八条 【伪造、变造国家有价证券罪;伪造、变造股票、公司、企业债券罪】伪造、变造国库券或者国家发行的其他有价证券,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
伪造、变造股票或者公司、企业债券,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;数额巨大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
单位犯前两款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前两款的规定处罚。
Article 179. Whoever issues shares or company and enterprise bonds involving a large amount of money without the permission of relevant state departments shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention if the consequences are serious or if the circumstances are otherwise serious. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, a sum not less than 1 percent and not more than 5 percent of the illegally raised funds.
If the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention.
   第一百七十九条 【擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪】未经国家有关主管部门批准,擅自发行股票或者公司、企业债券,数额巨大、后果严重或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处非法募集资金金额百分之一以上百分之五以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 180. People who have inside information on securities trading, illegally obtain inside information on securities trading, or buy or sell securities or leak relevant information prior to the release of information that could have a major effect on the issuance and trading of the securities concerned or on the price of other securities shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention, provided the circumstances are serious. They shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, a sum not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent as high as their illegal proceeds. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, they shall be fined a sum not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent as high as their illegal proceeds.
If the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it or people who are directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention.
The scope of inside information shall be defined by relevant provisions in laws and administrative rules.
People with inside information shall be defined by relevant provisions in laws and administrative rules.
   第一百八十条 【内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪】证券交易内幕信息的知情人员或者非法获取证券交易内幕信息的人员,在涉及证券的发行、交易或者其他对证券的价格有重大影响的信息尚未公开前,买入或者卖出该证券,或者泄露该信息,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
内幕信息的范围,依照法律、行政法规的规定确定。
知情人员的范围,依照法律、行政法规的规定确定。
Article 181. Whoever disrupts securities trading markets and causes serious consequences by fabricating or disseminating false information that could have an effect on securities trading shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan.
Employees of securities exchanges, securities companies, securities associations, or securities management departments shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention if they intentionally provide false information; forge, alter, or destroy trading records; or trick investors into buying or selling securities, giving rise to serious consequences. They shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. If the circumstances are especially adverse, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, they shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.
If the crimes mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs are committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention.
   第一百八十一条 【编造并传播证券交易虚假信息罪;诱骗投资者买卖证券罪】编造并且传播影响证券交易的虚假信息,扰乱证券交易市场,造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处一万元以上十万元以下罚金。
证券交易所、证券公司的从业人员,证券业协会或者证券管理部门的工作人员,故意提供虚假信息或者伪造、变造、销毁交易记录,诱骗投资者买卖证券,造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;情节特别恶劣的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
单位犯前两款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 182. Whoever rigs securities trading prices and obtains illegitimate benefits or shifts the risk in any of the following ways shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention, provided the circumstances are serious. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, a sum not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent as high as his or her illegal proceeds:
   第一百八十二条 【操纵证券交易价格罪】有下列情形之一,操纵证券交易价格,获取不正当利益或者转嫁风险,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金:
(1) Taking advantage of one's financial strength, stock holdings, or information to jointly or continuously sell or buy securities and rig securities trading prices, either on one's own or by conspiring with other people;
 (一)单独或者合谋,集中资金优势、持股优势或者利用信息优势联合或者连续买卖,操纵证券交易价格的;
(2) Affecting securities trading prices or volume by conducting securities transactions with each other or by buying or selling each other's securities at a predetermined time and price and through a predetermined method in collaboration with other people;
 (二)与他人串通,以事先约定的时间、价格和方式相互进行证券交易或者相互买卖并不持有的证券,影响证券交易价格或者证券交易量的;
(3) Affecting securities trading prices or volume by taking oneself as the only party to a transaction and buying from or selling to oneself without transferring the right to own the securities;
 (三)以自己为交易对象,进行不转移证券所有权的自买自卖,影响证券交易价格或者证券交易量的;
(4) Rigging securities trading prices by other means.
If the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it or other people directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention.
 (四)以其他方法操纵证券交易价格的。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 183. Personnel of insurance companies who take advantage of their office to intentionally make false claims on insured incidents which have not occurred to defraud insurance indemnity are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the stipulations of Article 271 of this law.
Personnel of state-owned insurance companies and personnel delegated by state-owned insurance companies to perform official duties in non-state-owned insurance companies who commit an act mentioned in the preceding paragraph are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the stipulations in Article 382 and Article 383 of this law.
   第一百八十三条 【职务侵占罪;贪污罪】保险公司的工作人员利用职务上的便利,故意编造未曾发生的保险事故进行虚假理赔,骗取保险金归自己所有的,依照本法第二百七十一条的规定定罪处罚。
国有保险公司工作人员和国有保险公司委派到非国有保险公司从事公务的人员有前款行为的,依照本法第三百八十二条、第三百八十三条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 184. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who ask others for money or goods, or illegally accept money or goods from others in activities of monetary business and seek benefits for others, or accept rebate or service charges for themselves under various pretexts in violation of state stipulations are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the stipulations of Article 163 of this law.
Personnel of state-owned monetary institutions and personnel delegated by state-owned monetary institutions to perform official duties in non-state-owned monetary institutions who commit an act mentioned in the preceding paragraph are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the stipulations in Article 385 and Article 386 of this law.
   第一百八十四条 【公司、企业人员受贿罪】银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员在金融业务活动中索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益的,或者违反国家规定,收受各种名义的回扣、手续费,归个人所有的,依照本法第一百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。
国有金融机构工作人员和国有金融机构委派到非国有金融机构从事公务的人员有前款行为的,依照本法第三百八十五条、第三百八十六条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 185. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who take advantage of their office to misappropriate funds of their respective institutions or customers are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the stipulations of Article 272 of this law.
Personnel of state-owned monetary institutions and personnel delegated by state-owned monetary institutions to perform official duties in non-state-owned monetary institutions who commit an act mentioned in the preceding paragraph are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the stipulations of Article 384 of this law.
   第一百八十五条 【挪用资金罪、挪用公款罪】银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员利用职务上的便利,挪用本单位或者客户资金的,依照本法第二百七十二条的规定定罪处罚。
国有金融机构工作人员和国有金融机构委派到非国有金融机构从事公务的人员有前款行为的,依照本法第三百八十四条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 186. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who violate the stipulations of laws and administrative regulations to grant fiduciary loans to related people or to grant secured loans with conditions better than those for granting similar loans to other borrowers, thus causing relatively big losses, are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and to a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan; when the losses are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.
Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who violate the stipulations of laws and administrative regulations to grant loans to people other than the related people, thus causing serious losses, are to be sentenced to not more than five years of imprisonment or criminal detention, and a fine not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan; when the losses are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.
Institutions that commit a crime mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs are to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for the crime and other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations in the preceding two paragraphs.
The scope of related people is determined in accordance with "The Law of Commercial Banks of the People's Republic of China" and other monetary laws and regulations concerned.
   第一百八十六条 【违法向关系人发放贷款罪、违法发放贷款罪】银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员违反法律、行政法规规定,向关系人发放信用贷款或者发放担保贷款的条件优于其他借款人同类贷款的条件,造成较大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;造成重大损失的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员违反法律、行政法规规定,向关系人以外的其他人发放贷款,造成重大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;造成特别重大损失的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
单位犯前两款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前两款的规定处罚。
关系人的范围,依照《中华人民共和国商业银行法》和有关金融法规确定。
Article 187. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who, with the purpose of making profits, absorb customers' funds without entering an item in their accounts, and illegally use such funds for calling or granting loans, thus causing serious losses, are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and to a fine not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when the losses are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan.
Institutions which commit a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for the crime and other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.
   第一百八十七条 【用帐外客户资金非法拆借、发放贷款罪】银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员以牟利为目的,采取吸收客户资金不入账的方式,将资金用于非法拆借、发放贷款,造成重大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;造成特别重大损失的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 188. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who violate stipulations to issue for others letters of credit, or other letters of guarantee, bills, deposit receipts, and credit certificates, thus causing relatively serious losses, are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the losses are very serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Institutions which commit a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph are to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for the crime, or other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第一百八十八条 【非法出具金融票证罪】银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员违反规定,为他人出具信用证或者其他保函、票据、存单、资信证明,造成较大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成重大损失的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 189. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who, in handling bills, accept, make payment for, or stand guarantee for, bills which are issued in violation of laws and regulation, thus causing serious losses, are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the losses are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Institutions that commit a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph are to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for the crime and other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.
   第一百八十九条 【对违法票据承兑、付款、保证罪】银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员在票据业务中,对违反票据法规定的票据予以承兑、付款或者保证,造成重大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别重大损失的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 190. State-owned companies, enterprises, or other state-owned institutions which violate state stipulations and deposit foreign exchange abroad without authorization, or illegally transfer foreign exchange abroad, and the circumstances are series, are to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for it, and other personnel directly responsible for it are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第一百九十条 【逃汇罪】国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位,违反国家规定,擅自将外汇存放境外,或者将境内的外汇非法转移到境外,情节严重的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 191. Whoever commit any of the acts below to cover up or withhold the source or nature of what one knows is obtained from narcotics crimes, organized crimes of the underworld, or crimes of smuggling, or gains obtained through such crimes, are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and are to be in addition or exclusively sentenced to a fine not less than 5 percent and not more than 20 percent of the amount of money laundered, and the gains obtained through committing the crimes mentioned above are to be confiscated; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine not less than 5 percent and not more than 20 percent of the amount of money laundered:
   第一百九十一条 【洗钱罪】明知是毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、走私犯罪的违法所得及其产生的收益,为掩饰、隐瞒其来源和性质,有下列行为之一的,没收实施以上犯罪的违法所得及其产生的收益,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处洗钱数额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处洗钱数额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金:
(1) providing funds accounts;
 (一)提供资金账户的;
(2) assisting to turn money and goods into cash or financial instruments;
 (二)协助将财产转换为现金或者金融票据的;
(3) assisting to transfer funds through transferring accounts, or other ways of settling accounts;
 (三)通过转账或者其他结算方式协助资金转移的;
(4) assisting to remit funds abroad; and
 (四)协助将资金汇往境外的;
(5) other ways to cover up and withhold what is illegally obtained through committing crimes, and the nature and sources of such gains.
Institutions which commit a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph are to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for the crime and other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
 (五)以其他方法掩饰、隐瞒犯罪的违法所得及其收益的性质和来源的。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Section 5. Crimes of Financial Fraud
 

第五节 金融诈骗罪


Article 192. Whoever for the purpose of illegal possession illegally raises funds by fraudulent means, if the amount is quite big, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and to a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is enormous or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the amount is especially enormous or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a fine not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or confiscation of property.
   第一百九十二条 【集资诈骗罪】以非法占有为目的,使用诈骗方法非法集资,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 193. Whoever for the purpose of illegal possession commits any of the following acts to defraud the banks or other monetary institutions of loans, if the amount is quite big, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is enormous or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the amount is especially enormous or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan, or confiscation of property:
   第一百九十三条 【贷款诈骗罪】有下列情形之一,以非法占有为目的,诈骗银行或者其他金融机构的贷款,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) cooking up false reasons for importing funds or projects;
 (一)编造引进资金、项目等虚假理由的;
(2) using false economic contracts;
 (二)使用虚假的经济合同的;
(3) using false certificates;
 (三)使用虚假的证明文件的;
(4) using false property right certificates for guarantee or making duplicate guarantee exceeding the value of the mortgaged goods; and
 (四)使用虚假的产权证明作担保或者超出抵押物价值重复担保的;
(5) defrauding loans by other means.
 (五)以其他方法诈骗贷款的。
Article 194. Whoever commits any of the following acts to carry out fraudulent activities with financial bills, if the amount is quite big, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and to a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is enormous, or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the amount is especially enormous or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan, or confiscation of property:
   第一百九十四条 【票据诈骗罪、金融凭证诈骗罪】有下列情形之一,进行金融票据诈骗活动,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) knowingly using forged, altered drafts, cashier's checks, and checks;
 (一)明知是伪造、变造的汇票、本票、支票而使用的;
(2) knowingly using voided drafts, cashier's checks, checks;
 (二)明知是作废的汇票、本票、支票而使用的;
(3) uttering other people's drafts, cashier's checks, checks;
 (三)冒用他人的汇票、本票、支票的;
(4) signing a dud check or a check with signature different from the specimen one;
 (四)签发空头支票或者与其预留印鉴不符的支票,骗取财物的;
(5) issuing drafts or cashier's checks without guaranteed funds, or making false records in issuing drafts or cashier's checks to defraud money and goods.
Whoever uses forged and altered documents of authority for collection, remittance documents, bank certificates of deposit, and other bank documents of settlement is to be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
 (五)汇票、本票的出票人签发无资金保证的汇票、本票或者在出票时作虚假记载,骗取财物的。
使用伪造、变造的委托收款凭证、汇款凭证、银行存单等其他银行结算凭证的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 195. Whoever uses one of the following ways for fraudulent activities with letters of credit is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a find of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is enormous or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the amount is especially enormous or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or confiscation of property:
   第一百九十五条 【信用证诈骗罪】有下列情形之一,进行信用证诈骗活动的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) using forged or altered letters of credit or bills and documents attached;
 (一)使用伪造、变造的信用证或者附随的单据、文件的;
(2) using voided letters of credit;
 (二)使用作废的信用证的;
(3) obtaining letters of credit by fraud; and
 (三)骗取信用证的;
(4) carrying out fraudulent activities with letters of credit in other ways.
 (四)以其他方法进行信用证诈骗活动的。
Article 196. Whoever uses one of the following ways to carry out fraudulent activities with a credit card, if the amount is quite big, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; if the amount is enormous or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; if the amount is especially big, or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a fine not less than 50,000 and not more than 500,000 yuan, or confiscation of property:
   第一百九十六条 【信用卡诈骗罪、盗窃罪】有下列情形之一,进行信用卡诈骗活动,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) using a forged credit card;
 (一)使用伪造的信用卡的;
(2) using a voided credit card;
 (二)使用作废的信用卡的;
(3) uttering other people's credit card; and
 (三)冒用他人信用卡的;
(4) overdrawing with evil intention.
The so-called overdrawing with evil intention mentioned in the preceding paragraph means that the card holder, for the purpose of illegal possession, overdraws exceeding the limit of overdrawn account or the time limit, and refuses to return the money after the card-issuing bank demands for the return.
Whoever steals a credit card and uses it is to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the stipulations of Article 264 of this law.
 (四)恶意透支的。
前款所称恶意透支,是指持卡人以非法占有为目的,超过规定限额或者规定期限透支,并且经发卡银行催收后仍不归还的行为。
盗窃信用卡并使用的,依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 197. Whoever uses a relatively substantial amount of forged or altered treasury bills or other negotiable securities issued by the state to engage in fraudulent activities shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and be fined no more than 200,000 yuan but no less than 20,000 yuan; when the amount is large and other serious circumstances are involved, the sentence shall be no more than 10 years but no less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine of no more than 500,000 yuan but no less than 50,000 yuan; and when the amount is extraordinarily large and other especially serious circumstances are involved, the sentence shall be life imprisonment or no less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine of no more than 500,000 yuan but no less than 50,000 yuan, or confiscation of property.
   第一百九十七条 【有价证券诈骗罪】使用伪造、变造的国库券或者国家发行的其他有价证券,进行诈骗活动,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 198. Fraudulent insurance activities falling under any one of the following circumstances shall, for cases involving relatively large amounts be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine of over 10,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan; for cases involving large amounts, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over five years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving extraordinarily large amounts, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property:
   第一百九十八条 【保险诈骗罪】有下列情形之一,进行保险诈骗活动,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) policy holder intentionally fabricates insurance object to deceive insurance money;
 (一)投保人故意虚构保险标的,骗取保险金的;
(2) policy holder, the insured, or the beneficiary fabricates false causes to insurance incident or inflate the extent of loss to deceive insurance money;
 (二)投保人、被保险人或者受益人对发生的保险事故编造虚假的原因或者夸大损失的程度,骗取保险金的;
(3) policy holder, the insured, or the beneficiary fabricate non-existing insurance incident to deceive insurance money;
 (三)投保人、被保险人或者受益人编造未曾发生的保险事故,骗取保险金的;
(4) policy holder, the insured, or the beneficiary intentionally create an insurance incident with property loss to deceive insurance money; or
 (四)投保人、被保险人故意造成财产损失的保险事故,骗取保险金的;
(5) policy holder or the beneficiary intentionally causes the death, injury, or sickness of the insured to deceive insurance money.
Acts falling under preceding Paragraphs (4) and (5) which constitute other crimes shall be punished for all offenses committed.
Units violating Paragraph (1) shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; for cases involving large amounts, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over five years but less than 10 years; for cases involving extraordinarily large amounts, with imprisonment of over five years but less than 10 years; or, in cases involving an extraordinary large amount, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years.
Appraisers, certifiers, and property valuers, who intentionally provide false evidence to abet others to commit fraud, shall be punished as insurance fraudulence accomplices.
 (五)投保人、受益人故意造成被保险人死亡、伤残或者疾病,骗取保险金的。
有前款第四项、第五项所列行为,同时构成其他犯罪的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。
单位犯第一款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑。
保险事故的鉴定人、证明人、财产评估人故意提供虚假的证明文件,为他人诈骗提供条件的,以保险诈骗的共犯论处。
Article 199. Offenders of Articles 192, 194, and 195 of this section that cause extraordinarily heavy losses to the interests of the state and the people shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death, with forfeiture of property.
   第一百九十九条 【部分金融诈骗罪的死刑规定】犯本节第一百九十二条、第一百九十四条、第一百九十五条规定之罪,数额特别巨大并且给国家和人民利益造成特别重大损失的,处无期徒刑或者死刑,并处没收财产。
Article 200. Units committing offenses under Articles 192, 194, and 195 of this section shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; for cases involving large amounts, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment over five years and less than 10 years; for cases of extraordinary large amount, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment.
   第二百条 【单位犯金融诈骗罪的处罚规定】单位犯本节第一百九十二条、第一百九十四条、第一百九十五条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。

Section 6. Offenses Against Tax Collection and Management
 

第六节 危害税收征管罪


Article 201. Tax payers found guilty of forging, altering, concealing, or indiscriminately destroying accounts books, entry proofs, or making unsubstantiated expenditures, or failing to enter or enter lower income items, or failing to submit tax returns after being notified by the tax authorities, or submitting a false return, or failing to pay taxes or pay less, or evading taxes exceeding 10 percent but less than 30 percent of payable taxes, or evading taxes again after two administrative sanctions for tax evasion, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded tax amount; for cases with evaded tax amount exceeding 30 percent of payable taxes, or exceeding 100,000 yuan, with imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded tax amount.
Withholding agents using the preceding means to refuse payment and full payment of withheld or collected taxes, which are over 10 percent of payable taxes or over 10,000 yuan, shall be punished in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
Multiple commissions of the acts mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs without detection shall be calculated on an accumulated basis.
   第二百零一条 【偷税罪】纳税人采取伪造、变造、隐匿、擅自销毁帐簿、记帐凭证,在帐簿上多列支出或者不列、少列收入,经税务机关通知申报而拒不申报或者进行虚假的纳税申报的手段,不缴或者少缴应纳税款,偷税数额占应纳税额的百分之十以上不满百分之三十并且偷税数额在一万元以上不满十万元的,或者因偷税被税务机关给予二次行政处罚又偷税的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处偷税数额一倍以上五倍以下罚金;偷税数额占应纳税额的百分之三十以上并且偷税数额在十万元以上的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处偷税数额一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
扣缴义务人采取前款所列手段,不缴或者少缴已扣、已收税款,数额占应缴税额的百分之十以上并且数额在一万元以上的,依照前款的规定处罚。
对多次犯有前两款行为,未经处理的,按照累计数额计算。
Article 202. Using violence or threatening means to refuse payment of tax shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the amount of taxes so refused to pay; for cases of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the amount of taxes so refused to pay.
   第二百零二条 【抗税罪】以暴力、威胁方法拒不缴纳税款的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处拒缴税款一倍以上五倍以下罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处拒缴税款一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
Article 203. Taxpayers who fail to settle payable taxes, or transfer or conceal property resulting in tax organs being unable to recover the owed taxes of over 10,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 100 percent and less than 500 percent of the unsettled amount; if the amount in question exceeds 100,000 yuan, with imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the unsettled amount.
   第二百零三条 【逃避追缴欠税罪】纳税人欠缴应纳税款,采取转移或者隐匿财产的手段,致使税务机关无法追缴欠缴的税款,数额在一万元以上不满十万元的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处欠缴税款一倍以上五倍以下罚金;数额在十万元以上的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处欠缴税款一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
Article 204. Using false export reports or other fraudulent means to defraud state export tax refunds involving a relatively large amount shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the defrauded tax refund; for cases involving large amounts or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over five years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the defrauded tax refund; for cases involving extraordinarily large amounts, or of a especially serious nature with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the defrauded tax refund, or with forfeiture of property.
Tax payers using the fraudulent means mentioned in preceding paragraph to deceptively reclaim their paid taxes shall be convicted and punished according to provisions of Article 201, with those who deceptively claim more than what they have paid, being punished according to provisions of the preceding paragraph.
   第二百零四条 【骗取出口退税罪、偷税罪】以假报出口或者其他欺骗手段,骗取国家出口退税款,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处骗取税款一倍以上五倍以下罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处骗取税款一倍以上五倍以下罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处骗取税款一倍以上五倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
纳税人缴纳税款后,采取前款规定的欺骗方法,骗取所缴纳的税款的,依照本法第二百零一条的规定定罪处罚;骗取税款超过所缴纳的税款部分,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 205. Falsely issuing exclusive value-added tax invoices or other invoices to defraud export tax refunds or to off set taxes shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving relatively large amounts of falsely reported taxes, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for cases involving large amounts of falsely reported taxes, or of a more serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property.
Committing acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph to defraud state taxes shall, if the amount involved is extraordinarily large, and of a especially serious nature that causes particularly heavy losses to the state, be punished with life imprisonment or death, and with forfeiture of property.
Units committing offenses under this article shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge or other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment of criminal detention of less than three years; for cases involving relatively large amounts of taxes, or with a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years but less than ten years; for cases involving large amounts of taxes, or of a especially serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment.
Falsely issuing exclusive value-added tax invoices or other invoices to defraud export tax refunds or to off set taxes refers to any false issuance intended for others or himself, or letting others falsely issue for him, or induce others to falsely issue.
   第二百零五条 【虚开增值税专用发票、用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款发票罪】虚开增值税专用发票或者虚开用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款的其他发票的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;虚开的税款数额较大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;虚开的税款数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
有前款行为骗取国家税款,数额特别巨大,情节特别严重,给国家利益造成特别重大损失的,处无期徒刑或者死刑,并处没收财产。
单位犯本条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;虚开的税款数额较大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;虚开的税款数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
虚开增值税专用发票或者虚开用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款的其他发票,是指有为他人虚开、为自己虚开、让他人为自己虚开、介绍他人虚开行为之一的。
Article 206. Forging or selling forged exclusive value- added tax invoices shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of or restriction for less than three years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving relatively large quantities, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for cases involving large quantities or of a especially serious nature, with imprisonment of over ten years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property.
Committing forgery and the sale of forged exclusive value-added invoices in extraordinarily large quantities or of a especially serious nature that severely disrupt economic order shall be punished with life imprisonment or death, with forfeiture of property.
Units committing offenses under this article shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge or other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal detention, or restriction for less than three years; for cases involving relatively large quantities or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years but less than 10 years; for cases involving large quantities or of a especially serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment.
   第二百零六条 【伪造、出售伪造的增值税专用发票罪】伪造或者出售伪造的增值税专用发票的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数量较大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数量巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
伪造并出售伪造的增值税专用发票,数量特别巨大,情节特别严重,严重破坏经济秩序的,处无期徒刑或者死刑,并处没收财产。
单位犯本条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;数量较大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;数量巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
Article 207. Committing illegal sale of exclusive value-added tax invoices shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention, or restriction for less than three years, with a fine over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan.; for cases involving relatively large quantities, with imprisonment over three years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for cases involving large quantity with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property.
   第二百零七条 【非法出售增值税专用发票罪】非法出售增值税专用发票的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数量较大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数量巨大的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
Article 208. Illegal purchase of exclusive value-added tax invoices or forged exclusive value-added tax invoices shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 20,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan.
Falsely issuing or reselling illegally purchased exclusive value-added tax invoices or forged exclusive value-added tax invoices shall be convicted and punished respectively under Articles 205, 206, and 207 of this law.
   第二百零八条 【非法购买增值税专用发票、购买伪造的增值税专用发票罪;虚开增值税专用发票罪、出售伪造的增值税专用发票罪、非法出售增值税专用发票罪】非法购买增值税专用发票或者购买伪造的增值税专用发票的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金。
非法购买增值税专用发票或者购买伪造的增值税专用发票又虚开或者出售的,分别依照本法第二百零五条、第二百零六条、第二百零七条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 209. Forging or manufacturing without authority or selling or manufacturing without authority other invoices usable for defrauding export tax refunds or offsetting taxes shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention and restriction for less than three years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving large quantities, with imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for cases involving extraordinarily large quantities, with imprisonment of over seven years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property.
Forging or manufacturing without authority or selling other invoices manufactured without authority, which have not been mentioned in the preceding paragraph, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of, or restriction for less than two years, with a fine of over 10,000 yuan but less than 50,000 yuan; for cases of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over two years and less than seven years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan and less than 500,000 yuan.
Illegal sale of other invoices usable for defrauding export tax refunds or offsetting taxes shall be punished according to the first paragraph.
Illegal sale of other invoices not mentioned in the third paragraph shall be punished according to the second paragraph.
   第二百零九条 【非法制造、出售非法制造的用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款发票罪;非法制造、出售非法制造的发票罪;非法出售用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款发票罪;非法出售发票罪】伪造、擅自制造或者出售伪造、擅自制造的可以用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款的其他发票的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金;数量巨大的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金;数量特别巨大的,处七年以上有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产。
伪造、擅自制造或者出售伪造、擅自制造的前款规定以外的其他发票的,处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处一万元以上五万元以下罚金;情节严重的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金。
非法出售可以用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款的其他发票的,依照第一款的规定处罚。
非法出售第三款规定以外的其他发票的,依照第二款的规定处罚。
Article 210. Theft of exclusive value-added tax invoices or other invoices usable in defrauding export tax refunds or offsetting taxes, shall be convicted and punished according to Article 264 of this law.
Obtaining by fraudulent means exclusive value-added tax invoices or other invoices usable in defrauding export tax refunds or offsetting taxes shall be convicted and punished according to Article 266 of this law.
   第二百一十条 【盗窃罪、诈骗罪】盗窃增值税专用发票或者可以用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款的其他发票的,依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪处罚。
使用欺骗手段骗取增值税专用发票或者可以用于骗取出口退税、抵扣税款的其他发票的,依照本法第二百六十六条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 211. Units committing offenses under Articles 201, 203, 204, 207, 208, and 209 of this section shall be punished with fines, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished according to these articles, respectively.
   第二百一十一条 【单位犯危害税收征管罪的处罚规定】单位犯本节第二百零一条、第二百零三条、第二百零四条、第二百零七条、第二百零八条、第二百零九条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照各该条的规定处罚。
Article 212 Fines and forfeitures of property imposed against offenders convicted under Articles 201 through 205 of this section should not be enforced until the tax authorities have recovered the taxes in question and the export tax refunds so defrauded.
   第二百一十二条 【税务机关征缴优先原则】犯本节第二百零一条至第二百零五条规定之罪,被判处罚金、没收财产的,在执行前,应当先由税务机关追缴税款和所骗取的出口退税款。

Section 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights
 

第七节 侵犯知识产权罪


Article 213. Using an identical trademark on the same merchandise without permission of its registered owner shall, if the case is of a serious nature, be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine, or a separately imposed fine; for cases of a more serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years, and with fine.
   第二百一十三条 【假冒注册商标罪】未经注册商标所有人许可,在同一种商品上使用与其注册商标相同的商标,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 214. Knowingly selling merchandise under a faked trademark with a relatively large sales volume shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine; in cases involving a large sales volume, with imprisonment of more than three years but less than seven years, and with fine.
   第二百一十四条 【销售假冒注册商标的商品罪】销售明知是假冒注册商标的商品,销售金额数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;销售金额数额巨大的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 215. Forging or manufacturing without authority or selling or manufacturing without authority other's registered trademarks or identifications shall, for cases of a serious nature, be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention, or restriction for less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine; for cases of a especially serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years, and with fine.
   第二百一十五条 【非法制造、销售非法制造的注册商标标识罪】伪造、擅自制造他人注册商标标识或者销售伪造、擅自制造的注册商标标识,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 216. Whoever counterfeits other people's patents, and when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
   第二百一十六条 【假冒专利罪】假冒他人专利,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 217. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, has committed one of the following acts of copyright infringement and gains a fairly large amount of illicit income, or when there are other serious circumstances, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; when the amount of the illicit income is huge or when there are other particularly serious circumstances, he is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine:
   第二百一十七条 【侵犯著作权罪】以营利为目的,有下列侵犯著作权情形之一,违法所得数额较大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;违法所得数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金:
(1) copy and distribute written, musical, movie, televised, and video works; computer software; and other works without the permission of their copyrighters;
 (一)未经著作权人许可,复制发行其文字作品、音乐、电影、电视、录像作品、计算机软件及其他作品的;
(2) publish books whose copyrights are exclusively owned by others;
 (二)出版他人享有专有出版权的图书的;
(3) duplicate and distribute audiovisual works without the permission of their producers;
 (三)未经录音录像制作者许可,复制发行其制作的录音录像的;
(4) produce and sell artistic works bearing fake signatures of others.
 (四)制作、出售假冒他人署名的美术作品的。
Article 218. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, knowingly sells the duplicate works described in Article 217 of this Law, and gains a huge amount of illicit income, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
   第二百一十八条 【销售侵权复制品罪】以营利为目的,销售明知是本法第二百一十七条规定的侵权复制品,违法所得数额巨大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 219. Whoever engages in one of the following activities which encroaches upon commercial secrets and brings significant losses to persons having the rights to the commercial secrets is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; or is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine, if he causes particularly serious consequences:
   第二百一十九条 【侵犯商业秘密罪】有下列侵犯商业秘密行为之一,给商业秘密的权利人造成重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;造成特别严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金:
(1) acquire a rightful owner's commercial secrets via theft, lure by promise of gain, threat, or other improper means;
 (一)以盗窃、利诱、胁迫或者其他不正当手段获取权利人的商业秘密的;
(2) disclose, use, or allow others to use a rightful owner's commercial secrets which are acquired through the aforementioned means;
 (二)披露、使用或者允许他人使用以前项手段获取的权利人的商业秘密的;
(3) disclose, use, or allow others to use, in violation of the agreement with the rightful owner or the rightful owner's request of keeping the commercial secrets, the commercial secrets he is holding.
Whoever acquires, uses, or discloses other people's commercial secrets, when he knows or should know that these commercial secrets are acquired through the aforementioned means, is regarded as an encroachment upon commercial secrets.
The commercial secrets referred to in this article are technical information and operation information that are unknown to the public, can bring economic profits to their rightful owners, are functional, and are kept as secrets by their rightful owners.
The rightful owners referred to in this Article are owners of the commercial secrets and users who have the permission of the owners.
 (三)违反约定或者违反权利人有关保守商业秘密的要求,披露、使用或者允许他人使用其所掌握的商业秘密的。
明知或者应知前款所列行为,获取、使用或者披露他人的商业秘密的,以侵犯商业秘密论。
本条所称商业秘密,是指不为公众所知悉,能为权利人带来经济利益,具有实用性并经权利人采取保密措施的技术信息和经营信息。
本条所称权利人,是指商业秘密的所有人和经商业秘密所有人许可的商业秘密使用人。
Article 220. When a unit commits the crimes stated in Article 213 through Article 219, it is to be sentenced to a fine; its directly responsible person in charge and other personnel of direct responsibility should be punished in accordance with the stipulations respectively stated in these Articles of this section.
   第二百二十条 【单位犯侵犯知识产权罪的处罚规定】单位犯本节第二百一十三条至第二百一十九条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照本节各该条的规定处罚。

Section 8. Crimes of Disrupting Market Order
 

第八节 扰乱市场秩序罪


Article 221. Whoever fabricates and spreads falsified information to impair other people's commercial reputation and commodity reputation, and causes significant losses to others or if there are other serious circumstances, is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
   第二百二十一条 【损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪】捏造并散布虚伪事实,损害他人的商业信誉、商品声誉,给他人造成重大损失或者有其他严重情节的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 222. Where, in violation of the state regulations, an advertisement owner, advertising agency, or advertisement carrier gives false publicity by taking the advantage of advertising a commodity or service, and when the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
   第二百二十二条 【虚假广告罪】广告主、广告经营者、广告发布者违反国家规定,利用广告对商品或者服务作虚假宣传,情节严重的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 223. Where bidders submit tenders in collusion and harm the interests of persons inviting tenders or other bidders, and when the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
Where bidders and persons inviting tenders harm the legitimate interests of the state, collectives, and the public by colluding in the bidding, they are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations stated in the preceding paragraph.
   第二百二十三条 【串通投标罪】投标人相互串通投标报价,损害招标人或者其他投标人利益,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
投标人与招标人串通投标,损害国家、集体、公民的合法利益的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 224. Whoever, for the purpose of illegal possession, uses one of the following means during signing or executing a contract to obtain property and goods of the opposite party by fraud, and when the amount of money is relatively large, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; or be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine, if the amount of money is huge or there are other serious circumstances; or be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and a fine or confiscation of property, if the amount of money is particularly huge or there are other particularly serious circumstances:
   第二百二十四条 【合同诈骗罪】有下列情形之一,以非法占有为目的,在签订、履行合同过程中,骗取对方当事人财物,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产:
(1) sign a contract in the name of a made-up unit or under somebody else's name;
 (一)以虚构的单位或者冒用他人名义签订合同的;
(2) use forged, altered, or invalid negotiable instruments or other false certificates of property rights as guaranties;
 (二)以伪造、变造、作废的票据或者其他虚假的产权证明作担保的;
(3) fulfill small-amount contracts or partially fulfill the contract, instead of actually fulfilling the contract, to inveigle the opposite party into continuing to sign and fulfill the contract;
 (三)没有实际履行能力,以先履行小额合同或者部分履行合同的方法,诱骗对方当事人继续签订和履行合同的;
(4) go into hiding after receiving goods, payment, advance payment, or property as guaranty from the opposite party;
 (四)收受对方当事人给付的货物、货款、预付款或者担保财产后逃匿的;
(5) defraud the opposite party's property through other means.
 (五)以其他方法骗取对方当事人财物的。
Article 225. Whoever, in violation of the state stipulations, has one of the following illegal business acts, which disrupts the market order and when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of his illegal income and, where the circumstances are particularly serious, be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of his illegal income or the confiscation of his property:
   第二百二十五条 【非法经营罪】违反国家规定,有下列非法经营行为之一,扰乱市场秩序,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金或者没收财产:
(1) engage in the monopoly business or monopolized commodities stipulated in laws and administrative regulations, or other commodities whose purchase and sale are controlled, without permission;
 (一)未经许可经营法律、行政法规规定的专营、专卖物品或者其他限制买卖的物品的;
(2) purchase and sell import-export licenses, certificates of origin, and operation permits or approved documents stipulated by other laws and administrative regulations;
 (二)买卖进出口许可证、进出口原产地证明以及其他法律、行政法规规定的经营许可证或者批准文件的;
(3) conduct other illegal business activities that seriously disrupt the market order.
 (三)其他严重扰乱市场秩序的非法经营行为。
Article 226. Whoever, by violence or coercion, forces others to purchase or sell commodities or provide or accept services is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine, if the circumstances are serious.
   第二百二十六条 【强迫交易罪】以暴力、威胁手段强买强卖商品、强迫他人提供服务或者强迫他人接受服务,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 227. Whoever forges or profiteers from forged train and ship tickets, stamps, or other valuable coupons, which involve a relatively large amount of money, is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of the amount of the coupons; or, if a huge amount is involved, to not less then two years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine not less then 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of the amount of the coupons.
Whoever profiteers from train and ship tickets, when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of the amount of the coupons.
   第二百二十七条 【伪造、倒卖伪造的有价票证罪;倒卖车票、船票罪】伪造或者倒卖伪造的车票、船票、邮票或者其他有价票证,数额较大的,处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处票证价额一倍以上五倍以下罚金;数额巨大的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处票证价额一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
倒卖车票、船票,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处票证价额一倍以上五倍以下罚金。
Article 228. Whoever, for the purpose of seeking personal gain, violates the laws and regulations on land management by illegally transferring and profiteering from land use rights and when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than five percent and not more than 20 percent of the money gained from illegally transferring or profiteering from land use rights or, when the circumstances are particularly serious, is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine of not less than five percent and not more than 20 percent of the money gained from illegally transferring or profiteering from land use rights.
   第二百二十八条 【非法转让、倒卖土地使用权罪】以牟利为目的,违反土地管理法规,非法转让、倒卖土地使用权,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处非法转让、倒卖土地使用权价额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处非法转让、倒卖土地使用权价额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金。
Article 229. Where a person of intermediary organizations, who is in charge of asset assessment and examination, certificate examination, accounting, auditing, legal services, and other duties, intentionally provides false certificates, and when the circumstances are serious, he is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed- term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a fine.
Where a person stated in the preceding paragraph extorts money and goods from others or illegally accepts money and goods from others to commit the aforementioned crime, and when the circumstances are serious, he is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a fine.
Where a person stated in the first paragraph of this article is seriously irresponsible and causes serious consequences by issuing certificates greatly inconsistent with the facts, he is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
   第二百二十九条 【中介组织人员提供虚假证明文件罪;中介组织人员出具证明文件重大失实罪】承担资产评估、验资、验证、会计、审计、法律服务等职责的中介组织的人员故意提供虚假证明文件,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金。
前款规定的人员,索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物,犯前款罪的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
第一款规定的人员,严重不负责任,出具的证明文件有重大失实,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 230. Whoever violates the rules of the law on import-export commodity inspection by avoiding commodity inspection and, without authorization, selling and using imported goods or exporting exported goods without having them gone through inspection by commodity inspection authorities as required, and when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
   第二百三十条 【逃避商检罪】违反进出口商品检验法的规定,逃避商品检验,将必须经商检机构检验的进口商品未报经检验而擅自销售、使用,或者将必须经商检机构检验的出口商品未报经检验合格而擅自出口,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 231. Where a unit commits the crimes stated in Article 221 through Article 230 of this section, it should be sentenced to a fine and its directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel be punished according to the stipulations in these articles.
   第二百三十一条 【单位犯扰乱市场秩序罪的处罚规定】单位犯本节第二百二十一条至第二百三十条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照本节各该条的规定处罚。

Chapter IV Crimes of Infringing Upon the Rights of the Person and the Democratic Rights of Citizens
 

第四章 侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪


Article 232. Whoever intentionally kills another is to be sentenced to death, life imprisonment or not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are relatively minor, he is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百三十二条 【故意杀人罪】故意杀人的,处死刑、无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑;情节较轻的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 233. Whoever negligently causes the death of another is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are relatively minor, he is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment. Where this Law has other stipulations, matters are to be handled in accordance with such stipulations.
   第二百三十三条 【过失致人死亡罪】过失致人死亡的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节较轻的,处三年以下有期徒刑。本法另有规定的,依照规定。
Article 234. Whoever intentionally injures the person of another is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph and causes a person's serious injury is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; if he causes a person's death or causes a person's serious deformity by badly injuring him with particularly ruthless means, he is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death. Where this Law has other stipulations, matters are to be handled in accordance with such stipulations.
   第二百三十四条 【故意伤害罪】故意伤害他人身体的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
犯前款罪,致人重伤的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;致人死亡或者以特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。本法另有规定的,依照规定。
Article 235. Whoever negligently injures another and causes him serious injury is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention. Where this law has other stipulations, matters are to be handled in accordance with such stipulations.
   第二百三十五条 【过失致人重伤罪】过失伤害他人致人重伤的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。本法另有规定的,依照规定。
Article 236. Whoever, by violence, coercion or other means, rapes a woman is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever has sexual relations with a girl under the age of 14 is to be deemed to have committed rape and is to be given a heavier punishment.
Whoever rapes a woman or has sexual relations with a girl involving one of the following circumstances is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death:
   第二百三十六条 【强奸罪;奸淫幼女罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他手段强奸妇女的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
奸淫不满十四周岁的幼女的,以强奸论,从重处罚。
强奸妇女、奸淫幼女,有下列情形之一的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑:
(1) rape a woman or have sexual relations with a girl and when the circumstances are odious;
 (一)强奸妇女、奸淫幼女情节恶劣的;
(2) rape several women or have sexual relations with several girls;
 (二)强奸妇女、奸淫幼女多人的;
(3) rape a woman in a public place and in the public;
 (三)在公共场所当众强奸妇女的;
(4) rape a woman in turn with another or more persons;
 (四)二人以上轮奸的;
(5) cause the victim serious injury, death, or other serious consequences.
 (五)致使被害人重伤、死亡或者造成其他严重后果的。
Article 237. Whoever, by violence, coercion or other means, forces, molests, or humiliates a woman is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
Whoever assembles a crowd to commit the crimes described in the preceding paragraph, or commits such crimes in the public is to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever molests a child is to be given a heavier punishment according to the stipulations in the two preceding paragraphs.
   第二百三十七条 【强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪、猥亵儿童罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法强制猥亵妇女或者侮辱妇女的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
聚众或者在公共场所当众犯前款罪的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
猥亵儿童的,依照前两款的规定从重处罚。
Article 238. Whoever unlawfully detains another or deprives him of his freedom of the person by any other means is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights. In circumstances where beating or humiliation are involved, a heavier punishment is to be given.
Whoever commits one of the crimes in the preceding paragraph and causes a person's serious injury is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when he causes a person's death, he is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when he causes a person disability or death by violent means, he is to be punished in according with the stipulations in Article 234 and Article 232 of this law.
Whoever unlawfully detains or takes somebody into custody for the purpose of demanding the payment of a debt is to be given a punishment in accordance with the stipulations stated in the two preceding paragraphs.
Where an employee of a state organ abuses his authority to commit any of the three aforementioned crimes, he is to receive a heavier punishment in accordance with the stipulations stated in the three preceding paragraphs.
   第二百三十八条 【非法拘禁罪】非法拘禁他人或者以其他方法非法剥夺他人人身自由的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。具有殴打、侮辱情节的,从重处罚。
犯前款罪,致人重伤的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;致人死亡的,处十年以上有期徒刑。使用暴力致人伤残、死亡的,依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。
为索取债务非法扣押、拘禁他人的,依照前两款的规定处罚。
国家机关工作人员利用职权犯前三款罪的,依照前三款的规定从重处罚。
Article 239. Those kidnapping others with the purpose of blackmailing or kidnapping others as hostages are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison or to be given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of their property. Kidnappers causing the death of their hostages or killing their hostages are to be sentenced to death and their property confiscated.
Those stealing or robbing infants or babies for the purpose of blackmailing are to be punished according to stipulations in the above paragraph.
   第二百三十九条 【绑架罪】以勒索财物为目的绑架他人的,或者绑架他人作为人质的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产;致使被绑架人死亡或者杀害被绑架人的,处死刑,并处没收财产。
以勒索财物为目的偷盗婴幼儿的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 240. Those abducting and trafficking women or children are to be sentenced to 5 to 10 years in prison plus fine. Those falling into one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to 10 years of more in prison or to be given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of property. Those committing especially serious crimes are to be sentenced to death in addition to confiscation of property.
   第二百四十条 【拐卖妇女、儿童罪】拐卖妇女、儿童的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;有下列情形之一的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产;情节特别严重的,处死刑,并处没收财产:
(1) Primary elements of rings engaging in abducting and trafficking women or children;
 (一)拐卖妇女、儿童集团的首要分子;
(2) those abducting and trafficking more than three women and/or children;
 (二)拐卖妇女、儿童三人以上的;
(3) those raping abducted women;
 (三)奸淫被拐卖的妇女的;
(4) those seducing, tricking, or forcing abducted women into prostitution, or those selling abducted women to others who in turn force them into prostitution;
 (四)诱骗、强迫被拐卖的妇女卖淫或者将被拐卖的妇女卖给他人迫使其卖淫的;
(5) those kidnapping women or children using force, coercion, or narcotics, for the purpose of selling them;
 (五)以出卖为目的,使用暴力、胁迫或者麻醉方法绑架妇女、儿童的;
(6) those stealing or robbing infants or babies for the purpose of selling them;
 (六)以出卖为目的,偷盗婴幼儿的;
(7) those causing abducted women or children, or their family members, to serious injuries or death, or causing other grave consequences;
 (七)造成被拐卖的妇女、儿童或者其亲属重伤、死亡或者其他严重后果的;
(8) those selling abducted women or children to outside the country.
Abducting and trafficking women or children refers to abducting, kidnapping, buying, selling, transporting, or transshipping women or children.
 (八)将妇女、儿童卖往境外的。
拐卖妇女、儿童是指以出卖为目的,有拐骗、绑架、收买、贩卖、接送、中转妇女、儿童的行为之一的。
Article 241. Those buying abducted women or children are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.
Those buying abducted women and forcing them to have sex with them are to be convicted and punished according to stipulations of article 236.
Those buying abducted women or children and illegally depriving them of or restricting their physical freedom, or injuring or insulting them, are to be convicted and punished according to relevant stipulations of this law.
Those buying abducted women or children and committing crimes stipulated in paragraphs two and three of this article are to be punished for committing more than one crime.
Those buying and selling abducted women or children are to be convicted and punished according to article 240 of this law.
Those buying abducted women or children but not obstructing bought women from returning to their original residence in accordance with their wishes, or not abusing bought children and not obstructing efforts to rescue them, may not be investigated for their criminal liability.
   第二百四十一条 【收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪;强奸罪;非法拘禁罪;故意伤害罪;侮辱罪;拐卖妇女、儿童罪】收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
收买被拐卖的妇女,强行与其发生性关系的,依照本法第二百三十六条的规定定罪处罚。
收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童,非法剥夺、限制其人身自由或者有伤害、侮辱等犯罪行为的,依照本法的有关规定定罪处罚。
收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童,并有第二款、第三款规定的犯罪行为的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。
收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童又出卖的,依照本法第二百四十条的规定定罪处罚。
收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童,按照被买妇女的意愿,不阻碍其返回原居住地的,对被买儿童没有虐待行为,不阻碍对其进行解救的,可以不追究刑事责任。
Article 242. Those using force or coercion to obstruct workers of state organs from rescuing bought women or children are to be convicted and punished according to article 277 of this law.
Primary elements who lead other people to obstruct workers of state organs from rescuing bought women or children are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. Other elements who use force or coercion are to be punished according to paragraph one of this article.
   第二百四十二条 【妨害公务罪;聚众阻碍解救被收买的妇女、儿童罪】以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家机关工作人员解救被收买的妇女、儿童的,依照本法第二百七十七条的规定定罪处罚。
聚众阻碍国家机关工作人员解救被收买的妇女、儿童的首要分子,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;其他参与者使用暴力、威胁方法的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 243. Those fabricating stories to frame others or in an attempt to subject others to criminal investigation, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance. Those causing serious consequences are to be
sentenced to three to 10 years in prison. Workers of state organs committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph are to be severely punished.
Stipulations in the above two paragraphs do not apply to those who do not deliberately frame others but accuse others by mistake, or who report others' crimes not conforming to the facts.
   第二百四十三条 【诬告陷害罪】捏造事实诬告陷害他人,意图使他人受刑事追究,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;造成严重后果的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
国家机关工作人员犯前款罪的,从重处罚。
不是有意诬陷,而是错告,或者检举失实的,不适用前两款的规定。
Article 244. Persons of employing units who are directly responsible for forcing workers to labor by restricting their physical freedom in violation of labor management laws and regulations are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention, in addition to fine, or are to be fined.
   第二百四十四条 【强迫职工劳动罪】用人单位违反劳动管理法规,以限制人身自由方法强迫职工劳动,情节严重的,对直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 245. Those illegally physically searching others or illegally searching others' residences, or those illegally intruding into others' residences, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention.
Judicial workers committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph by abusing their authority are to be severely punished.
   第二百四十五条 【非法搜查罪、非法侵入住宅罪】非法搜查他人身体、住宅,或者非法侵入他人住宅的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
司法工作人员滥用职权,犯前款罪的,从重处罚。
Article 246. Those openly insulting others using force or other methods or those fabricating stories to slander others, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention or surveillance, or deprived of their political rights.
Those committing crimes mentioned above are to be investigated only if they are sued, with the exception of cases that seriously undermine social order or the state's interests.
   第二百四十六条 【侮辱罪、诽谤罪】以暴力或者其他方法公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽谤他人,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
前款罪,告诉的才处理,但是严重危害社会秩序和国家利益的除外。
Article 247. Judicial workers who extort a confession from criminal suspects or defendants by torture, or who use force to extract testimony from witnesses, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. Those causing injuries to others, physical disablement, or death, are to be convicted and severely punished according to articles 234 and 232 of this law.
   第二百四十七条 【刑讯逼供罪、暴力取证罪】司法工作人员对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实行刑讯逼供或者使用暴力逼取证人证言的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。致人伤残、死亡的,依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪从重处罚。
Article 248. Supervisory and management personnel of prisons, detention centers, and other guard houses who beat or physically abuse their inmates, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. If the case is especially serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison.
Those causing injuries to injuries, physical disablement, or death, are to be convicted and severely punished according to article 234 and 232 of this law. Supervisory and management personnel who order inmates to beat or physically abuse other inmates are to be punished according to stipulations in the above paragraph.
   第二百四十八条 【虐待被监管人罪】监狱、拘留所、看守所等监管机构的监管人员对被监管人进行殴打或者体罚虐待,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。致人伤残、死亡的,依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪从重处罚。
监管人员指使被监管人殴打或者体罚虐待其他被监管人的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 249. Those provoking ethnic hatred or discrimination, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention or surveillance, or deprived of their political rights. If the case is especially serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison.
   第二百四十九条 【煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视罪】煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节特别严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 250. Persons directly responsible for publishing materials that discriminate or insult minority nationalities, if the case is serious and results in grave consequences, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.
   第二百五十条 【出版歧视、侮辱少数民族作品罪】在出版物中刊载歧视、侮辱少数民族的内容,情节恶劣,造成严重后果的,对直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 251. Workers of state organs who illegally deprive citizens' right to religious beliefs or who encroach on minority nationalities' customs or habits, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.
   第二百五十一条 【非法剥夺公民宗教信仰自由罪、侵犯少数民族风俗习惯罪】国家机关工作人员非法剥夺公民的宗教信仰自由和侵犯少数民族风俗习惯,情节严重的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 252. Those infringing upon the citizens right of communication freedom by hiding, destroying, or illegally opening others' letters, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to one year or less in prison or put under criminal detention.
   第二百五十二条 【侵犯通信自由罪】隐匿、毁弃或者非法开拆他人信件,侵犯公民通信自由权利,情节严重的,处一年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 253. Postal workers who open, hide, or destroy mail or telegrams without authorization are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison or put under criminal detention.
Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and stealing money or other articles are to be convicted and severely punished according to article 264 of this law.
   第二百五十三条 【私自开拆、隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报罪;盗窃罪】邮政工作人员私自开拆或者隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
犯前款罪而窃取财物的,依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪从重处罚。
Article 254. Workers of state organs who abuse their authority by retaliating against or framing accusers, petitioners, criticizers, or informants, in the name of conducting official business, are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison or put under criminal detention. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.
   第二百五十四条 【报复陷害罪】国家机关工作人员滥用职权、假公济私,对控告人、申诉人、批评人、举报人实行报复陷害的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 255. Leaders of companies, enterprises, institutions, offices, or other organizations who persecute and retaliate against accountants or statisticians who perform their duty according to law and boycott acts that violate the accounting and statistics law, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.
   第二百五十五条 【打击报复会计、统计人员罪】公司、企业、事业单位、机关、团体的领导人,对依法履行职责、抵制违反会计法统计法行为的会计、统计人员实行打击报复,情节恶劣的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 256. In electing deputies to the people's congresses at all levels or leaders of state organs, those who undermine the elections or obstruct voters and deputies from freely exercising their right to vote or be elected by using force, coercion, deception, bribe; by falsifying election documents; by making a false report on the numbers of ballots; or by using other means, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention, or deprived of their political rights.
   第二百五十六条 【破坏选举罪】在选举各级人民代表大会代表和国家机关领导人员时,以暴力、威胁、欺骗、贿赂、伪造选举文件、虚报选举票数等手段破坏选举或者妨害选民和代表自由行使选举权和被选举权,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 257. Those using force to interfere in others' freedom of marriage are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.
Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and causing others to die are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.
Those committing crimes stipulated in the first paragraph of this article are to be investigated only if they are sued.
   第二百五十七条 【暴力干涉婚姻自由罪】以暴力干涉他人婚姻自由的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
犯前款罪,致使被害人死亡的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
第一款罪,告诉的才处理。
Article 258. Those who have a spouse and get married again, or who marry someone whom they know has a spouse, are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.
   第二百五十八条 【重婚罪】有配偶而重婚的,或者明知他人有配偶而与之结婚的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 259. Those who live together with or marry someone whom they know is the spouse of an active duty service member are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.
Those who use their authority or subordinate relationship to seduce the wives of active duty servicemen for illicit sexual relations by resorting to coercion are to be convicted and punished according to article 236 of this law.
   第二百五十九条 【破坏军婚罪;强奸罪】明知是现役军人的配偶而与之同居或者结婚的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
利用职权、从属关系,以胁迫手段奸淫现役军人的妻子的,依照本法第二百三十六条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 260. Those mistreating their family members, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.
Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and causing the victims to severe injuries or death are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.
Those committing crime stipulated in the first paragraph of this article are to be investigated only if they are sued.
   第二百六十条 【虐待罪】虐待家庭成员,情节恶劣的,处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
犯前款罪,致使被害人重伤、死亡的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
第一款罪,告诉的才处理。
Article 261. Those who have the obligation but refuse to support those who are aged, young, sick, or do not have the ability to live independently, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance.
   第二百六十一条 【遗弃罪】对于年老、年幼、患病或者其他没有独立生活能力的人,负有扶养义务而拒绝扶养,情节恶劣的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 262. Those abducting minors under 14 years of age from their family or guardians are to be sentenced to five years or less in prison or put under criminal detention.
   第二百六十二条 【拐骗儿童罪】拐骗不满十四周岁的未成年人,脱离家庭或者监护人的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Chapter V The Crime of Encroaching on Property
 

第五章 侵犯财产罪


Article 263. Those robbing public or private property using force, coercion, or other methods are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison in addition to fine. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison, given life sentences, or sentenced to death, in addition to fines or confiscation of property:
   第二百六十三条 【抢劫罪】以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法抢劫公私财物的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;有下列情形之一的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑,并处罚金或者没收财产:
(1) those intruding into others' houses to rob;
 (一)入户抢劫的;
(2) those committing robbery on public transportation vehicles;
 (二)在公共交通工具上抢劫的;
(3) those robbing banks or other financial institutions;
 (三)抢劫银行或者其他金融机构的;
(4) those committing several robberies or robbing large amounts of money or other properties;
 (四)多次抢劫或者抢劫数额巨大的;
(5) those causing serious injuries to or death while robbing;
 (五)抢劫致人重伤、死亡的;
(6) those committing robbery posing as servicemen or policemen;
 (六)冒充军警人员抢劫的;
(7) those committing robbery using guns;
 (七)持枪抢劫的;
(8) those robbing materials for military use, or materials for fighting disasters or relieving disaster victims.
 (八)抢劫军用物资或者抢险、救灾、救济物资的。
Article 264. Those who steal relatively large amounts of public or private property and money or have committed several thefts are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fines; or are to be fined. Those stealing large amounts of property and money or involving in other serious cases are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison, in addition to fines. Those stealing extraordinarily large amounts of property and money or involving in especially serious cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison or given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of property. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be given life sentence or sentenced to death, in addition to confiscation of property:
   第二百六十四条 【盗窃罪】盗窃公私财物,数额较大或者多次盗窃的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产;有下列情形之一的,处无期徒刑或者死刑,并处没收财产:
(1) Those stealing extraordinarily large amounts of money and property from financial institutions;
 (一)盗窃金融机构,数额特别巨大的;
(2) those committing serious thefts of precious cultural relics.
 (二)盗窃珍贵文物,情节严重的。
Article 265. Those stealing others' communication lines or reproducing others' telecommunication codes for the purpose of making profits, or those using telecommunication equipment or facilities knowing that they are stolen or reproduced are to be convicted and punished according to article 264 of this law.
   第二百六十五条 【盗窃罪】以牟利为目的,盗接他人通信线路、复制他人电信码号或者明知是盗接、复制的电信设备、设施而使用的,依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 266. Those defrauding relatively large amounts of public or private money and property are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fines; or are to be fined. Those defrauding large amounts of money and property or having involvement in other serious cases are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison, in addition to fines. Those defrauding extraordinarily large amounts of money and property or involving in especially serious cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prisonor given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation of property. If cases are governed by other stipulations of this law, those stipulationsshall apply.
   第二百六十六条 【诈骗罪】诈骗公私财物,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。本法另有规定的,依照规定。
Article 267. Whoever seizes public and private property, and the amountinvolved is quite large, is to be sentenced to not more than three years offixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; and may also besentenced to a fine, additionally or exclusively. When the amount involvedis huge and the other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be notless than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonmentin addition to a fine. When the amount involved is particularly huge andthe other circumstances are particularly serious, the sentence is to be notless than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, or life imprisonment, inaddition to a fine or confiscation of property.
Whoever commits the crime with a lethal weapon is to be convicted andpunished according to the regulations in Article 263 of this law.
   第二百六十七条 【抢夺罪;抢劫罪】抢夺公私财物,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。
携带凶器抢夺的,依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 268. In cases where a crowd is assembled to seize public ofprivate property, and the amount involved is quite large and the other circumstances are serious, ringleaders and other active participants are tobe sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment,criminal detention or control, in addition to a fine; and the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than 10 years, in addition to a fine, when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are particularly serious.
   第二百六十八条 【聚众哄抢罪】聚众哄抢公私财物,数额较大或者有其他严重情节的,对首要分子和积极参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 269. Whoever commits the crimes of theft, fraud, or forcible seizure, and uses violence, or threats to use violence, at the scene in order to conceal booty, resist arrest or destroy criminal evidence, is to be convicted and punished in accordance with Article 263 of this Law.
   第二百六十九条 【抢劫罪】犯盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪,为窝藏赃物、抗拒抓捕或者毁灭罪证而当场使用暴力或者以暴力相威胁的,依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 270. Whoever illegally takes over another person's property in the latter's custody, and the amount involved is relatively large, and refuses to return it, is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or a fine; when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than two years but not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, in addition to a fine.
Whoever illegally takes over someone's property which the latter forgets to pick up, or the property someone had buried, and the amount involved is relatively large, and refuses to return it, is to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.
The crimes in this article will not be prosecuted unless a complaint is filed.
   第二百七十条 【侵占罪】将代为保管的他人财物非法占为己有,数额较大,拒不退还的,处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处二年以上五年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
将他人的遗忘物或者埋藏物非法占为己有,数额较大,拒不交出的,依照前款的规定处罚。
本条罪,告诉的才处理。
Article 271. In cases where a person of a company, enterprise, or any unit, takes over the unit's property by taking advantage of his office, and the amount involved in quite large, he is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, or criminal detention; when the amount involved is huge, the sentence is to be not less than five years, and may be in addition to confiscation of property.
When personnel engage in public service in state-owned corporations, enterprises, or other state-owned units; or when personnel of these corporations, enterprises and units assigned to engage in public service in nonstate-owned corporations, enterprises, or other units themselves as stated in the preceding paragraph, they are to be convicted and punished according to regulations in Articles 382 and 383 of this law.
   第二百七十一条 【职务侵占罪;贪污罪】公司、企业或者其他单位的人员,利用职务上的便利,将本单位财物非法占为己有,数额较大的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;数额巨大的,处五年以上有期徒刑,可以并处没收财产。
国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位委派到非国有公司、企业以及其他单位从事公务的人员有前款行为的,依照本法第三百八十二条、第三百八十三条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 272. When personnel of companies, enterprises, and other units, who take advantage of their offices to misappropriate their units' funds for their own use or for lending to others, and the amounts involved are relatively large and have not been returned for a period of over three months; or, when the period is shorter than three months but the amounts involved are quite large and the money is used for unlawful profit-making activities, they are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; those who misappropriate huge amounts of their units' funds, or those whose misappropriations are large and who refuse to return them are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Personnel engaged in public service in state-owned corporations, enterprises and other state-owned units, and personnel state-owned corporations, enterprises and other state-owned units assigned to engage in public service at nonstate-owned corporations, enterprises and other units as stated in the preceding paragraph are to be convicted and punished according to the regulations in Article 384 of this Law.
   第二百七十二条 【挪用资金罪;挪用公款罪】公司、企业或者其他单位的工作人员,利用职务上的便利,挪用本单位资金归个人使用或者借贷给他人,数额较大、超过三个月未还的,或者虽未超过三个月,但数额较大、进行营利活动的,或者进行非法活动的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;挪用本单位资金数额巨大的,或者数额较大不退还的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位委派到非国有公司、企业以及其他单位从事公务的人员有前款行为的,依照本法第三百八十四条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 273. Those directly responsible for misappropriating state fundsand materials allocated for disaster relief, emergencies, flood control,allowances for disabled servicemen and the families of revolutionary martyrs and servicemen, aid-the-poor programs, resettlement, and socialrelief, when the circumstances are serious and have caused major damage to the interests of the state and the people, are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-termed imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百七十三条 【挪用特定款物罪】挪用用于救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济款物,情节严重,致使国家和人民群众利益遭受重大损害的,对直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 274. Whoever extorts public or private property by blackmail, andthe amount involved is quite large, is to be sentenced to not more thanthree years of fixed-termed imprisonment, criminal detention, or control;when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are serious,the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than 10 yearsof fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百七十四条 【敲诈勒索罪】敲诈勒索公私财物,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 275. Whoever intentionally destroys public or private property and the amount involved is quite large and the other circumstances are serious is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-termimprisonment, criminal detention, or a sentence of a fine; when the amount involved is huge and the other circumstances are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百七十五条 【故意毁坏财物罪】故意毁坏公私财物,数额较大或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金;数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 276. Whoever destroys machinery or equipment, cruelly injures or slaughters draft animals, or uses other means to sabotage production or operation, with the purpose of giving vent to spite, seeking revenge, or for other personal motives, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; when the circumstance is serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百七十六条 【破坏生产经营罪】由于泄愤报复或者其他个人目的,毁坏机器设备、残害耕畜或者以其他方法破坏生产经营的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Chapter VI Crimes of Disrupting the Order of Social Administration
 

第六章 妨害社会管理秩序罪

Section 1. Crimes of Disrupting Public Order
 

第一节 扰乱公共秩序罪


Article 277. Whoever uses violence or threat to obstruct state personnel from discharging their duties is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; or a sentence of a fine.
Whoever uses violence or threats to obstruct National People's Congress deputies, or local people's congress deputies, from discharging their lawful deputy duties is to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.
Whoever, in the event of a natural disaster or an emergency, uses violence or threats to obstruct Red Cross personnel from discharging their lawful responsibilities is to be punished according to the first paragraph.
Whoever intentionally obstructs the state's security or public security organs from carrying out their security assignments, and has caused serious consequences even though no violence or threat is used is to be punished according to the first paragraph.
   第二百七十七条 【妨害公务罪】以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。
以暴力、威胁方法阻碍全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表依法执行代表职务的,依照前款的规定处罚。
在自然灾害和突发事件中,以暴力、威胁方法阻碍红十字会工作人员依法履行职责的,依照第一款的规定处罚。
故意阻碍国家安全机关、公安机关依法执行国家安全工作任务,未使用暴力、威胁方法,造成严重后果的,依照第一款的规定处罚。
Article 278. Whoever instigates the masses to use violence to resist the enforcement of state laws and administrative regulations is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when serious consequences have been caused, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百七十八条 【煽动暴力抗拒法律实施罪】煽动群众暴力抗拒国家法律、行政法规实施的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;造成严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 279. Whoever poses as state organ personnel to cheat and bluff is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever poses as a people's police to cheat and bluff is to be heavily punished in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
   第二百七十九条 【招摇撞骗罪】冒充国家机关工作人员招摇撞骗的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
冒充人民警察招摇撞骗的,依照前款的规定从重处罚。
Article 280. Whoever forges, alters, trades, steals, forcibly seizes or destroys officials documents, certificates, or seals of state organs is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be no less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever forges seals of corporations, enterprises, institutions, or people's organizations is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights .
Whoever forges or alters citizens' identification cards is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be no less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百八十条 【伪造、变造、买卖国家机关公文、证件、印章罪;盗窃、抢夺、毁灭国家机关公文、证件、印章罪;伪造公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体印章罪;伪造、变造居民身份证罪】伪造、变造、买卖或者盗窃、抢夺、毁灭国家机关的公文、证件、印章的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
伪造公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体的印章的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
伪造、变造居民身份证的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 281. Whoever illegally produces, purchases or sells standard police uniforms, license plates of motor vehicles, or other special signs, police tools, and the consequences are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; and may also be sentenced to a fine, additionally or exclusively.
When a unit commits the crimes stated in the preceding paragraph, the unit is to be fined, and its persons in charge and other who are directly responsible are to be punished according to the regulations in the preceding paragraph.
   第二百八十一条 【非法生产、买卖警用装备罪】非法生产、买卖人民警察制式服装、车辆号牌等专用标志、警械,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 282. Whoever illegally acquires state secrets by stealing, secretly gathering, and purchasing is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever possesses documents, information, or other articles which are top secret or classified information of the state, and refuses to state their origins or use, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
   第二百八十二条 【非法获取国家秘密罪;非法持有国家绝密、机密文件、资料、物品罪】以窃取、刺探、收买方法,非法获取国家秘密的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
非法持有属于国家绝密、机密的文件、资料或者其他物品,拒不说明来源与用途的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 283. Whoever illegal produces and sells monitoring, photographing or other special espionage equipment is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
   第二百八十三条 【非法生产、销售间谍专用器材罪】非法生产、销售窃听、窃照等专用间谍器材的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 284. Whoever illegally uses special monitoring or photographing equipment and causes grave consequences is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
   第二百八十四条 【非法使用窃听、窃照专用器材罪】非法使用窃听、窃照专用器材,造成严重后果的,处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 285. Whoever violates state regulations and intrudes into computer systems with information concerning state affairs, construction of defense facilities, and sophisticated science and technology is be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第二百八十五条 【非法侵入计算机信息系统罪】违反国家规定,侵入国家事务、国防建设、尖端科学技术领域的计算机信息系统的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 286. Whoever violates states regulations and deletes, alters, adds, and interferes in computer information systems, causing abnormal operations of the systems and grave consequences, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever violates state regulations and deletes, alters, or adds the data or application programs installed in or processed and transmitted by the computer systems, and causes grave consequences, is to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.
Whoever deliberately creates and propagates computer virus and other programs which sabotage the normal operation of the computer system and cause grave consequences is to be punished according to the first paragraph.
   第二百八十六条 【破坏计算机信息系统罪】违反国家规定,对计算机信息系统功能进行删除、修改、增加、干扰,造成计算机信息系统不能正常运行,后果严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
违反国家规定,对计算机信息系统中存储、处理或者传输的数据和应用程序进行删除、修改、增加的操作,后果严重的,依照前款的规定处罚。
故意制作、传播计算机病毒等破坏性程序,影响计算机系统正常运行,后果严重的,依照第一款的规定处罚。
Article 287. Whoever uses a computer for financial fraud, theft, corruption, misappropriation of public funds, stealing state secrets, or other crimes is to be convicted and punished according to relevant regulations of this law.
   第二百八十七条 【利用计算机实施犯罪的提示性规定】利用计算机实施金融诈骗、盗窃、贪污、挪用公款、窃取国家秘密或者其他犯罪的,依照本法有关规定定罪处罚。
Article 288. Whoever violates state regulations and installs or uses radio stations (transmitters), occupies frequencies without authorization, and refuses to stop using them after being ordered to do so, thus interfering in normal radio communications and causing serious consequences is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; and may also be sentenced to a fine, additionally or exclusively.
When a unit commits the crimes stated in the preceding paragraph, the unit is to be fined, and its persons in charge and others who are directly responsible are to be punished according to the preceding paragraph.
   第二百八十八条 【扰乱无线电管理秩序罪】违反国家规定,擅自设置、使用无线电台(站),或者擅自占用频率,经责令停止使用后拒不停止使用,干扰无线电通讯正常进行,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 289. Whoever causes a person's injury, disability or death as result of assembling a crowd for "beating, smashing and looting" is to be convicted and punished according to regulations in Articles 234 and 232 of this law. In cases where public of private property is destroyed or forcibly taken and carried away, ringleaders, in addition to the ordering of restitution of compensation, are to be convicted and punished according to Article 263 of this law.
   第二百八十九条 【对聚众“打砸抢”行为的处理规定】聚众“打砸抢”,致人伤残、死亡的,依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。毁坏或者抢走公私财物的,除判令退赔外,对首要分子,依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 290. In cases where crowds are assembled to disturb public order with serious consequences; where the process of work, production, business, teaching, and scientific research are disrupted; and where serious losses have been caused, the ringleaders are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; other active participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.
Assembling crowds to attack state organs, thus disrupting their operations and causing serious losses, the ringleaders are to be sentenced to not less than five years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; and other active participants are to be sentenced to not less than five year of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.
   第二百九十条 【聚众扰乱社会秩序罪;聚众冲击国家机关罪】聚众扰乱社会秩序,情节严重,致使工作、生产、营业和教学、科研无法进行,造成严重损失的,对首要分子,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;对其他积极参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
聚众冲击国家机关,致使国家机关工作无法进行,造成严重损失的,对首要分子,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;对其他积极参加的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 291. In cases where a crowd is assembled to disturb order at stations, wharves, civil aviation stations, market places, public parks, theaters, exhibitions, sports grounds or other public places, or a crowd is assembled to block traffic or undermine traffic order, or resist or obstruct state security administration personnel who are carrying out their functions according to law, when the circumstances are serious, ringleaders are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
   第二百九十一条 【聚众扰乱公共场所秩序、交通秩序罪】聚众扰乱车站、码头、民用航空站、商场、公园、影剧院、展览会、运动场或者其他公共场所秩序,聚众堵塞交通或者破坏交通秩序,抗拒、阻碍国家治安管理工作人员依法执行职务,情节严重的,对首要分子,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 292. In cases where a crowd is assembled to have brawls, ringleaders and other active participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control. When the cases are one of the following, ringleaders and other active participants are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment:
   第二百九十二条 【聚众斗殴罪;故意伤害罪;故意杀人罪】聚众斗殴的,对首要分子和其他积极参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;有下列情形之一的,对首要分子和其他积极参加的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑:
(1) crowds are assembled on many occasions to have brawls;
 (一)多次聚众斗殴的;
(2) the size of crowds assembled to have brawls is large, and bad social effects have been caused;
 (二)聚众斗殴人数多,规模大,社会影响恶劣的;
(3) crowds are assembled for brawls in public places or main thoroughfares, and serious social disorders have been caused; or
 (三)在公共场所或者交通要道聚众斗殴,造成社会秩序严重混乱的;
(4) crowds are assembled for brawls with tools.
Whoever assembles a crowd to have brawls, thus causing a person serious injuries or death, is to be convicted and punished according to Articles 234 and 232 of this Law.
 (四)持械聚众斗殴的。
聚众斗殴,致人重伤、死亡的,依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 293. Whoever undermines public order with anyone of the following provocative and disturbing behaviors is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control:
   第二百九十三条 【寻衅滋事罪】有下列寻衅滋事行为之一,破坏社会秩序的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制:
(1) willfully attacking another person and the circumstances are bad;
 (一)随意殴打他人,情节恶劣的;
(2) chasing, intercepting, or cursing another person, and the circumstances are bad;
 (二)追逐、拦截、辱骂他人,情节恶劣的;
(3) forcibly taking away, demanding, or willfully damaging or seizing public or private property; and the circumstances are serious;
 (三)强拿硬要或者任意损毁、占用公私财物,情节严重的;
(4) creating a disturbance in a public place, causing serious disorder.
 (四)在公共场所起哄闹事,造成公共场所秩序严重混乱的。
Article 294. Whoever organizes, leads, or actively participates in an organization with characteristics of a criminal syndicate, which carries out lawless and criminal activities in an organized manner through violence, threat, or other means, with the aim of playing the tyrant in a locality, committing all sorts of crimes, bullying and harming the masses, and doing what has seriously undermined economic and social order is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.
Personnel of overseas criminal syndicates who come to the PRC to recruit members are to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever commits other crimes in addition to those in the preceding two paragraph is to the punished according to regulations for punishing multiple crimes.
State organ personnel who harbor an organization with characteristics of a criminal syndicate, or who connives at the organization's lawless and criminal activities is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or deprivation of political rights; when the circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第二百九十四条 【组织、领导、参加黑社会性质组织罪;入境发展黑社会组织罪;包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪】组织、领导和积极参加以暴力、威胁或者其他手段,有组织地进行违法犯罪活动,称霸一方,为非作恶,欺压、残害群众,严重破坏经济、社会生活秩序的黑社会性质的组织的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;其他参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
境外的黑社会组织的人员到中华人民共和国境内发展组织成员的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
犯前两款罪又有其他犯罪行为的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。
国家机关工作人员包庇黑社会性质的组织,或者纵容黑社会性质的组织进行违法犯罪活动的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 295. Whoever teaches crime-committing methods is to be to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; when the consequences are serious, to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the consequences are particularly serious, to life imprisonment or death penalty.
   第二百九十五条 【传授犯罪方法罪】传授犯罪方法的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 296. Whoever holds an assembly, parade, demonstration without application in accordance with the law or without authorization after application, or does not carry it out in accordance with the beginning time and ending time, place, and road as permitted by authorities concerned, and refuses to obey an order to dismiss, thereby seriously sabotaging social order, those personnel who are in charge and those who are directly responsible are to be to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of political rights.
   第二百九十六条 【非法集会、游行示威罪】举行集会、游行、示威,未依照法律规定申请或者申请未获许可,或者未按照主管机关许可的起止时间、地点、路线进行,又拒不服从解散命令,严重破坏社会秩序的,对集会、游行、示威的负责人和直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 297. Whoever violates laws and regulations by bringing with them weapons, controlled knives and tools or explosive articles to participate in an assembly, parade, demonstration is to be to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of political rights.
   第二百九十七条 【非法携带武器、管制刀具、爆炸物参加集会、游行、示威罪】违反法律规定,携带武器、管制刀具或者爆炸物参加集会、游行、示威的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 298. Whoever disturbs, collides, or sabotages with other methods the legally-held assembly, parade, demonstration, thereby giving rise to chaotic public order is to be to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of political rights.
   第二百九十八条 【破坏集会、游行、示威罪】扰乱、冲击或者以其他方法破坏依法举行的集会、游行、示威,造成公共秩序混乱的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 299. Whoever purposely insults the national flag, national emblem of the PRC in a public place with such methods as burning, destroying, scribbling, soiling, and trampling is to be to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprived of political rights.
   第二百九十九条 【侮辱国旗、国徽罪】在公众场合故意以焚烧、毁损、涂划、玷污、践踏等方式侮辱中华人民共和国国旗、国徽的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 300. Whoever organizes and utilizes superstitious sects, secret societies, and evil religious organizations or sabotages the implementation of the state's laws and executive regulations by utilizing superstition is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when circumstances are particularly serious, to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever organizes and utilizes superstitious sects, secret societies, and evil religious organizations or cheats others by utilizing superstition, thereby giving rise to the death of people is to be punished in accordance with the previous paragraph.
Whoever organizes and utilizes superstitious sects, secret societies, and evil religious organizations or has illicit sexual relations with women, defraud money and property by utilizing superstition is to be convicted and punished in accordance with the regulations of articles 236, 266 of the law.
   第三百条 【组织、利用会道门、邪教组织、利用迷信破坏法律实施罪;组织、利用会道门、邪教组织、利用迷信致人死亡罪;强奸罪;诈骗罪】组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信破坏国家法律、行政法规实施的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处七年以上有期徒刑。
组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信蒙骗他人,致人死亡的,依照前款的规定处罚。
组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信奸淫妇女、诈骗财物的,分别依照本法第二百三十六条、第二百六十六条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 301. Whoever takes a lead in assembling a crowd to engage in promiscuous activities or repeatedly participates in such activities is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
Whoever seduces minors to participate in mass promiscuous activities is to be severely punished in accordance with the previous paragraph.
   第三百零一条 【聚众淫乱罪;引诱未成年人聚众淫乱罪】聚众进行淫乱活动的,对首要分子或者多次参加的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
引诱未成年人参加聚众淫乱活动的,依照前款的规定从重处罚。
Article 302. Whoever steals, insults corpses is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control.
   第三百零二条 【盗窃、侮辱尸体罪】盗窃、侮辱尸体的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 303. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, assembles a crow to engage in gambling, opens a gambling house, or makes an occupation of gambling is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control, in addition to fine.
   第三百零三条 【赌博罪】以营利为目的,聚众赌博、开设赌场或者以赌博为业的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金。
Article 304. Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible, purposely delay sending mails thereby giving rise to great loss of public properties, interests of the state and people are to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第三百零四条 【故意延误投递邮件罪】邮政工作人员严重不负责任,故意延误投递邮件,致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Section 2. Crimes of Disrupting Justice
 

第二节 妨害司法罪


Article 305. During the course of criminal procedures, any witness, expert witness, recorder, translator who purposely makes false testimony, makes expert evaluation, records, translates with an intention to frame others or conceal criminal evidence in the circumstances which have an important bearing on a case is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百零五条 【伪证罪】在刑事诉讼中,证人、鉴定人、记录人、翻译人对与案件有重要关系的情节,故意作虚假证明、鉴定、记录、翻译,意图陷害他人或者隐匿罪证的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 306. During the course of criminal procedure, any defender, law agent destroys, falsifies evidence, assist parties concerned in destroying, falsifying evidence, threatening, luring witnesses to contravene facts, change their testimony or make false testimony is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
If witnesses, testimonies, or other evidences provided, shown, used by a defender, law agent are not true but are not falsified purposely, they do not fall into the category of falsifying evidences.
   第三百零六条 【辩护人、诉讼代理人毁灭证据、伪造证据、妨害作证罪】在刑事诉讼中,辩护人、诉讼代理人毁灭、伪造证据,帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据,威胁、引诱证人违背事实改变证言或者作伪证的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
辩护人、诉讼代理人提供、出示、引用的证人证言或者其他证据失实,不是有意伪造的,不属于伪造证据。
Article 307. Whoever stops with violence, threat, bribe, and other methods a witness to testify or instigates others to make false testimony is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever assists the parties concerned in destroying or falsifying evidences is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention if the circumstances are severe.
Any judicial personnel committing the crimes as stated in the previous two paragraphs is to be severely punished.
   第三百零七条 【妨害作证罪;帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪】以暴力、威胁、贿买等方法阻止证人作证或者指使他人作伪证的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
司法工作人员犯前两款罪的,从重处罚。
Article 308. Whoever resorts to persecution and retaliation against a witness is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百零八条 【打击报复证人罪】对证人进行打击报复的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 309. Whoever gathers a crowd to make disturbances, charges a court, or beats judicial personnel, severely disturbs the order of a court is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or to be fined.
   第三百零九条 【扰乱法庭秩序罪】聚众哄闹、冲击法庭,或者殴打司法工作人员,严重扰乱法庭秩序的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。
Article 310. Whoever provides a person who he clearly knows to be a convict witha hiding place, financial and material support, assists him to escape, hides, or protects him by falsifying evidence is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than three years but not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever commits a crime as stated in the previous paragraph and conspires in advance is to be punished as committing a joint crime.
   第三百一十条 【窝藏、包庇罪】明知是犯罪的人而为其提供隐藏处所、财物,帮助其逃匿或者作假证明包庇的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
犯前款罪,事前通谋的,以共同犯罪论处。
Article 311. Whoever refuses to provide information, when the state's public security organs look into relevant situations and collect relevant evidence from him, about other people who he clearly knows have conducted criminal espionage activities is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control if the circumstances are severe.
   第三百一十一条 【拒绝提供间谍犯罪证据罪】明知他人有间谍犯罪行为,在国家安全机关向其调查有关情况、收集有关证据时,拒绝提供,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 312. Whoever conceals, transfers, purchases, or acts as an agent to sell something he clearly knows as booty which have been gained through committing a crime is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
   第三百一十二条 【窝藏、转移、收购、销售赃物罪】明知是犯罪所得的赃物而予以窝藏、转移、收购或者代为销售的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 313. Whoever refuses to carry out a decision or order made by a people's court while he is able to carry it out is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or be fined if the circumstances are severe.
   第三百一十三条 【拒不执行判决、裁定罪】对人民法院的判决、裁定有能力执行而拒不执行,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。
Article 314. Whoever hides, transfers, sells off, purposely destroys property which is already sealed, seized, or frozen is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or be fined if the circumstances are severe.
   第三百一十四条 【非法处置查封、扣押、冻结的财产罪】隐藏、转移、变卖、故意毁损已被司法机关查封、扣押、冻结的财产,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。
Article 315. Criminals who, in accordance with the law, are already under detention and perform one of the following acts which sabotage supervision order are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment if the circumstances are severe:
   第三百一十五条 【破坏监管秩序罪】依法被关押的罪犯,有下列破坏监管秩序行为之一,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑:
(1) beat supervising personnel;
 (一)殴打监管人员的;
(2) organize other people under detention to sabotage supervision order;
 (二)组织其他被监管人破坏监管秩序的;
(3) assemble a crowd to make trouble, thereby disturbing normal supervision order;
 (三)聚众闹事,扰乱正常监管秩序的;
(4) beat, carry out corporal punishment on or instigate other people to beat, carry out corporal punishment on other people under detention.
 (四)殴打、体罚或者指使他人殴打、体罚其他被监管人的。
Article 316. Criminals, defendants, criminal suspects who are already under detention in accordance with the law and who escape are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
Whoever seizes by force criminals, defendants, criminal suspects who are sent under escort is to be sentenced to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are severe, to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百一十六条 【脱逃罪;劫夺被押解人员罪】依法被关押的罪犯、被告人、犯罪嫌疑人脱逃的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
劫夺押解途中的罪犯、被告人、犯罪嫌疑人的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处七年以上有期徒刑。
Article 317. Whoever takes a lead in organizing an attempt to escape from a prison or whoever takes an active part in the attempt is to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment; others who participate in the attempt to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
Whoever takes a lead in staging a riot to escape from a prison or in assembling a crowd to open a prison with tools or whoever takes an active part in the attempt is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; when the circumstances are particularly severe, to death penalty; others who participate in the attempt to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百一十七条 【组织越狱罪;暴动越狱罪;聚众持械劫狱罪】组织越狱的首要分子和积极参加的,处五年以上有期徒刑;其他参加的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
暴动越狱或者聚众持械劫狱的首要分子和积极参加的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处死刑;其他参加的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Section 3. Crimes of Disrupting Administration of the Border
 

第三节 妨害国(边)境管理罪


Article 318. Whoever organizes people to secretly cross the national boundary (border) shall be sentenced to not less than two years and not more than seven years of fixed- term imprisonment and a fine; or not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or to life imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property for any of the following situations:
   第三百一十八条 【组织他人偷越国(边)境罪】组织他人偷越国(边)境的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;有下列情形之一的,处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产:
(1) ringleader who organizes people to secretly cross the national boundary (border);
 (一)组织他人偷越国(边)境集团的首要分子;
(2) repeatedly organizing people to secretly cross the national boundary (border) or organizing a large number of people to secretly cross the national boundary (border);
 (二)多次组织他人偷越国(边)境或者组织他人偷越国(边)境人数众多的;
(3) causing serious injuries and deaths to the people being organized;
 (三)造成被组织人重伤、死亡的;
(4) depriving or restricting personal freedom of the people being organized;
 (四)剥夺或者限制被组织人人身自由的;
(5) resisting investigation by violent or threatening methods;
 (五)以暴力、威胁方法抗拒检查的;
(6) obtaining huge amounts of illegal income;
 (六)违法所得数额巨大的;
(7) other exceptionally serious circumstances.
Whoever commits the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph, killing, harming, raping, and kidnapping and selling the people being organized, or the crimes of killing and harming investigating personnel shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations concerning combined punishment for more than one crime.
 (七)有其他特别严重情节的。
犯前款罪,对被组织人有杀害、伤害、强奸、拐卖等犯罪行为,或者对检查人员有杀害、伤害等犯罪行为的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。
Article 319. Whoever defrauds people, in the name of labor export and economic and trade exchanges or for other reasons, of their exit documents such as passports and visas through fraud and deception for use in organizing people in the secret crossing of the national boundary (border) shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine; and when the circumstances are serious, not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Institutions which commit the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible for the crime and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百一十九条 【骗取出境证件罪】以劳务输出、经贸往来或者其他名义,弄虚作假,骗取护照、签证等出境证件,为组织他人偷越国(边)境使用的,处三年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 320. Whoever provides fake and altered exit and entry documents such as passports and visas, or sells exit and entry documents such as passports and visas, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine; and when the circumstances are serious, not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
   第三百二十条 【提供伪造、变造的出入境证件罪;出售出入境证件罪】为他人提供伪造、变造的护照、签证等出入境证件,或者出售护照、签证等出入境证件的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 321. Whoever transports people secretly across the national boundary (border) shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and criminal detention or control, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine; or not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine for any of the following situations:
   第三百二十一条 【运送他人偷越国(边)境罪】运送他人偷越国(边)境的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;有下列情形之一的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金:
(1) repeatedly involving in transporting activities or transporting a large number of people;
 (一)多次实施运送行为或者运送人数众多的;
(2) using transportation means such as ships and vehicles that do not meet essential safety conditions and that are sufficient to cause serious consequences;
 (二)所使用的船只、车辆等交通工具不具备必要的安全条件,足以造成严重后果的;
(3) obtaining huge amount of illegal income;
 (三)违法所得数额巨大的;
(4) other exceptionally serious circumstances.
Whoever, in the course of transporting people secretly across the national boundary (border), causes heavy injuries and deaths to the people being transported or resists investigation by violent and threatening methods shall be sentenced to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Whoever commits the crimes mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs by killing, harming, raping, and kidnapping and selling the people being transported; or the crimes of killing and harming investigating personnel shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations concerning combined punishment for more than one crime.
 (四)有其他特别严重情节的。
在运送他人偷越国(边)境中造成被运送人重伤、死亡,或者以暴力、威胁方法抗拒检查的,处七年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
犯前两款罪,对被运送人有杀害、伤害、强奸、拐卖等犯罪行为,或者对检查人员有杀害、伤害等犯罪行为的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。
Article 322. Whoever violates the laws and regulations controlling secret crossing of the national boundary (border), and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than one year of fixed-term imprisonment and criminal detention or control.
   第三百二十二条 【偷越国(边)境罪】违反国(边)境管理法规,偷越国(边)境,情节严重的,处一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金。
Article 323. Whoever intentionally sabotages boundary tablets, boundary markers or survey indicators of a permanent nature along the borders of the country shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第三百二十三条 【破坏界碑、界桩罪;破坏永久性测量标志罪】故意破坏国家边境的界碑、界桩或者永久性测量标志的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Section 4. Crimes of Disrupting Administration of Cultural Relics
 

第四节 妨害文物管理罪


Article 324. Whoever intentionally destroys precious cultural relics under state protection or designated cultural relics of state institutions for protecting major cultural relics and provincial-level cultural relics protection departments shall be sentenced to not more than three years in fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; or when the circumstances are serious, not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Whoever intentionally destroys state-protected places of historical interest or scenic beauty, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
Whoever, through negligence, destroys precious cultural relics under state protection or designated cultural relics of state institutions for protecting major cultural relics and provincial-level cultural relics protection departments shall be sentenced to not more than three years in fixed- term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第三百二十四条 【故意损毁文物罪;故意损毁名胜古迹罪;过失损毁文物罪】故意损毁国家保护的珍贵文物或者被确定为全国重点文物保护单位、省级文物保护单位的文物的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
故意损毁国家保护的名胜古迹,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
过失损毁国家保护的珍贵文物或者被确定为全国重点文物保护单位、省级文物保护单位的文物,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 325. Whoever violates laws and regulations on cultural relics protection by secretly selling or giving to foreigners his or her collection of precious cultural relics, the export of which is banned by the state shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Institutions which commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible for the crime and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百二十五条 【非法向外国人出售、赠送珍贵文物罪】违反文物保护法规,将收藏的国家禁止出口的珍贵文物私自出售或者私自赠送给外国人的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,可以并处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 326. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, resells cultural relics, the transaction of which is banned by the state and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine, or when the circumstances are exceptionally serious, not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Institutions which commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible for the crime and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百二十六条 【倒卖文物罪】以牟利为目的,倒卖国家禁止经营的文物,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;情节特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 327. States-owned museums, libraries, and other units that violate the laws and regulations on protection of cultural relics, selling or giving without permission cultural relic objects under state protection to non-state- owned units or individuals are to be sentenced to a fine and persons in direct charge of the units and other persons directly involved in the case for responsibility are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第三百二十七条 【非法出售、私赠文物藏品罪】违反文物保护法规,国有博物馆、图书馆等单位将国家保护的文物藏品出售或者私自送给非国有单位或者个人的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 328. Whoever robs ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects that have historical, artistic, and scientific value are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and are to be sentenced to a fine; when the circumstances are relatively light in nature, the sentence is to be not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or surveillance and the offender is also to be sentenced to a fine; whoever has one of the following cases is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment or death penalty and are in addition to be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property.
   第三百二十八条 【盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬罪;盗掘古人类化石、古脊椎动物化石罪】盗掘具有历史、艺术、科学价值的古文化遗址、古墓葬的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节较轻的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;有下列情形之一的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑,并处罚金或者没收财产:
(1) Robbing ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects slated as selected national cultural relic protection units and province-level cultural relic protection units;
 (一)盗掘确定为全国重点文物保护单位和省级文物保护单位的古文化遗址、古墓葬的;
(2) ringleaders of the gangs engaged in robbing ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects;
 (二)盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬集团的首要分子;
(3) whoever has robbed ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects many times; and
 (三)多次盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬的;
(4) whoever robs ancient cultural ruins and ancient tomb burial objects and whoever steals precious cultural relics or causes great damage on precious cultural relics.
Whoever robs ancient human fossils and ancient vertebrate fossils that have scientific value is to be punished according to the provisions of the preceding article.
 (四)盗掘古文化遗址、古墓葬,并盗窃珍贵文物或者造成珍贵文物严重破坏的。
盗掘国家保护的具有科学价值的古人类化石和古脊椎动物化石的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 329. Whoever seizes and steals state-owned records is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
Whoever violates the provisions of the Archives Law, selling and transferring state-owned records without authorization and when the circumstances are serious is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
Whoever commits the preceding two acts and at the same time, they form the other crimes specified in this law is to be convicted and punished according to the provisions that provide relatively severe punishment.
   第三百二十九条 【盗窃、抢夺国有档案罪;擅自出卖、转让国有档案罪】抢夺、窃取国家所有的档案的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
违反档案法的规定,擅自出卖、转让国家所有的档案,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
有前两款行为,同时又构成本法规定的其他犯罪的,依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。

Section 5. Crimes of Endangering Public Health
 

第五节 危害公共卫生罪


Article 330. Whoever violates the provisions of the Law on Prevention and Cure of Contagious Diseases and has one of the following cases, causing the spread of A-category contagious diseases or causing a serious danger of the spread of contagious diseases is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百三十条 【妨害传染病防治罪】违反传染病防治法的规定,有下列情形之一,引起甲类传染病传播或者有传播严重危险的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑:
(1) The drinking water supplied by water supply units is not up to the hygienic standards set by the state;
 (一)供水单位供应的饮用水不符合国家规定的卫生标准的;
(2) refusing to give sterilization treatment to sewage, pollutants, and excrement and urine contaminated by pathogens of contagious diseases according to the hygienic requirements set by the sanitation and epidemic control organs;
 (二)拒绝按照卫生防疫机构提出的卫生要求,对传染病病原体污染的污水、污物、粪便进行消毒处理的;
(3) allowing or conniving at contagious disease suffers, contagious disease pathogen carriers, and suspected contagious disease sufferers to take up jobs susceptible to spreading contagious diseases that are prohibited to be taken by such persons by the provisions of the public health administrative departments of the State Council; and
 (三)准许或者纵容传染病病人、病原携带者和疑似传染病病人从事国务院卫生行政部门规定禁止从事的易使该传染病扩散的工作的;
(4) refusing to implement the prevention and control measures set by the sanitation and epidemic control organs in accordance with the Law on Prevention and Cure of Contagious Diseases.
Any unit that commits the preceding crimes is to be sentenced to a fine and the person in direct charge of the unit and other persons directly involved in the case for responsibility are to be punished according to the provisions of the preceding article.
The scope of A-category contagious diseases is determined in accordance with the "The Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Cure of Contagious Diseases" and the relevant provisions of the State Council.
 (四)拒绝执行卫生防疫机构依照传染病防治法提出的预防、控制措施的。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
甲类传染病的范围,依照《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》和国务院有关规定确定。
Article 331. Personnel engaged in the testing, storage, carriage, and transporting of contagious diseases' bacterial spawns and viruses violate the relevant provisions of the public health administrative departments of the State Council, causing the spread of contagious diseases' bacterial spawns and viruses and resulting in serious consequences are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百三十一条 【传染病菌种、毒种扩散罪】从事实验、保藏、携带、运输传染病菌种、毒种的人员,违反国务院卫生行政部门的有关规定,造成传染病菌种、毒种扩散,后果严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 332. Whoever violates national border health and quarantine regulations, causing the spread of quarantined contagious diseases or a serious danger of spreading them, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
A unit which violates the crime of the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible to the unit and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be penalized in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百三十二条 【妨害国境卫生检疫罪】违反国境卫生检疫规定,引起检疫传染病传播或者有传播严重危险的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 333. Whoever sells blood illegally by involving others shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine. Whoever, by violent and threatening methods, forces others to sell blood shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine.
Whoever causes harm to others through the act mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be convicted and fined in accordance to stipulations of Article 234 of this law.
   第三百三十三条 【非法组织卖血罪;强迫卖血罪;故意伤害罪】非法组织他人出卖血液的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;以暴力、威胁方法强迫他人出卖血液的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
有前款行为,对他人造成伤害的,依照本法第二百三十四条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 334. Whoever illegally collects and supplies or produces and supplies blood products that do not meet state- stipulated standards, and enough to endanger human health, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and a fine. Whoever causes serious harm to human health shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine; and for whoever causes exceptionally serious consequences, a sentence of not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property.
Departments that have approval from principal state departments to collect and supply blood or produce and supply blood products but do not conduct inspection and tests in accordance with stipulations or violate other operations specifications, causing harm to human health, the unit concerned shall be fined, and principal personnel directly responsible to the unit and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第三百三十四条 【非法采集、供应血液、制作、供应血液制品罪;采集、供应血液、制作、供应血液制品事故罪】非法采集、供应血液或者制作、供应血液制品,不符合国家规定的标准,足以危害人体健康的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;对人体健康造成严重危害的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;造成特别严重后果的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。
经国家主管部门批准采集、供应血液或者制作、供应血液制品的部门,不依照规定进行检测或者违背其他操作规定,造成危害他人身体健康后果的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 335. Medical personnel who fail seriously to carry out their responsibility, causing the death of patients or serious harm to the health of patients shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第三百三十五条 【医疗事故罪】医务人员由于严重不负责任,造成就诊人死亡或者严重损害就诊人身体健康的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 336. Whoever illegally engages in medical practice without obtaining the qualification for medical practice, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine. Whoever causes serious harm to the health of patients shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine. Whoever causes the death of patients shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine.
Whoever conducts unauthorized birth control reversal surgery, fake birth control surgery, and pregnancy termination surgery, or takes out birth control devices from the womb, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or control, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine. Whoever causes serious harm to the health of patients shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine. Whoever causes the death of patients shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine.
   第三百三十六条 【非法行医罪;非法进行节育手术罪】未取得医生执业资格的人非法行医,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;严重损害就诊人身体健康的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;造成就诊人死亡的,处十年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
未取得医生执业资格的人擅自为他人进行节育复通手术、假节育手术、终止妊娠手术或者摘取宫内节育器,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;严重损害就诊人身体健康的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;造成就诊人死亡的,处十年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 337. Whoever violates the stipulations of the Quarantine Law on the Entry and Exit of Animals and Plants, causing major proliferation of animal and plant diseases, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
Units that commit the crime of the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and principal personnel directly responsible to the unit and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be penalized in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百三十七条 【逃避动植物检疫罪】违反进出境动植物检疫法的规定,逃避动植物检疫,引起重大动植物疫情的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。

Section 6. Crimes of Undermining Protection of Environmental Resources
 

第六节 破坏环境资源保护罪


Article 338. Whoever releases, dumps, or disposes of radioactive wastes, wastes containing pathogen of contagious diseases, and toxic materials or other dangerous wastes into land, water, and the atmosphere in violation of state stipulations, causing major environment pollution accidents, heavy losses to public and private property, or grave consequences of personal deaths and injuries shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; and in exceptionally serious consequences, not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine.
   第三百三十八条 【重大环境污染事故罪】违反国家规定,向土地、水体、大气排放、倾倒或者处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或者其他危险废物,造成重大环境污染事故,致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者人身伤亡的严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;后果特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 339. Those who dump, store or process solid waste from abroad in the country in violation of state regulations are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. Those whose acts cause serious environmental pollution and major damages to public or private properties or seriously endanger people's health are to be punished by sentence of not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. Those whose acts have especially serious consequences are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Those who import solid waste as raw material without the approval of concerned administrative department of the State Council and cause serious environmental pollution, major damages to public or private properties and or seriously endanger people's health are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Those whose acts are especially serious are to be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. Those who import solid waste in the name of raw material which cannot be used as material are to be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 155 of this Law.
   第三百三十九条 【非法处置进口的固体废物罪;擅自进口固体废物罪;走私固体废物罪】违反国家规定,将境外的固体废物进境倾倒、堆放、处置的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;造成重大环境污染事故,致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者严重危害人体健康的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;后果特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
未经国务院有关主管部门许可,擅自进口固体废物用作原料,造成重大环境污染事故,致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者严重危害人体健康的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;后果特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
以原料利用为名,进口不能用作原料的固体废物的,依照本法第一百五十五条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 340. Those who violate laws and regulations to protect aquatic products and catch aquatic products in forbidden areas or forbidden periods or use tools and methods in violation of regulations in a serious nature are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
   第三百四十条 【非法捕捞水产品罪】违反保护水产资源法规,在禁渔区、禁渔期或者使用禁用的工具、方法捕捞水产品,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。
Article 341. Those who illegally hunt and kill rare and endangered wild animals which are under the state key protection plan or illegally purchase, transport or sell those rare and endangered wild animals and their manufactured products are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine. In especially serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine and confiscation of their properties.
Those who violate hunting law and regulations and use tools and methods which are forbidden to be used in no- hunting zones or periods and thus damage the source of wild animals and if the situation is serious are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.
   第三百四十一条 【非法猎捕、杀害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪;非法收购、运输、出售珍贵濒危野生动物、珍贵、濒危野生动物制品罪】非法猎捕、杀害国家重点保护的珍贵、濒危野生动物的,或者非法收购、运输、出售国家重点保护的珍贵、濒危野生动物及其制品的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。
违反狩猎法规,在禁猎区、禁猎期或者使用禁用的工具、方法进行狩猎,破坏野生动物资源,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。
Article 342. Those who illegally occupy farmland for other uses in violation of land administrative law and regulations in a relatively large area and cause damage to large tracts of farmland are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine or may be sentenced to a simple fine.
   第三百四十二条 【非法占用耕地罪】违反土地管理法规,非法占用耕地改作他用,数量较大,造成耕地大量毁坏的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 343. Those who violate the stipulations of the Mineral Resources Law and start to engage in mining operation without first obtaining a mining permit, those who wantonly enter state mining areas which are important to the national economy or mining areas of other people, those who wantonly excavate special minerals protected by the state and those who continue mining operations and cause damage to mineral resources after receiving a notice to stop such operation are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine or may be sentenced to a simple fine. Those whose operations have caused serious damages to natural resources are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Those who violate the stipulations of Mineral Resources Law and use destructive mining methods to tap mineral resources and have caused serious damages to mineral resources are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and in addition be sentenced to a fine.
   第三百四十三条 【非法采矿罪;破坏性采矿罪】违反矿产资源法的规定,未取得采矿许可证擅自采矿的,擅自进入国家规划矿区、对国民经济具有重要价值的矿区和他人矿区范围采矿的,擅自开采国家规定实行保护性开采的特定矿种,经责令停止开采后拒不停止开采,造成矿产资源破坏的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;造成矿产资源严重破坏的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
违反矿产资源法的规定,采取破坏性的开采方法开采矿产资源,造成矿产资源严重破坏的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金。
Article 344. Those who violate the stipulations of the Forestry Law and engage in illegal logging and damage valuable trees are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.
   第三百四十四条 【非法采伐、毁坏珍贵树木罪】违反森林法的规定,非法采伐、毁坏珍贵树木的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 345. Those who have engaged in illegal logging of forest or other trees in relatively large quantity are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control, and in addition be sentenced to a fine. They may be punished by a simple fine.
If the quantity is quite large, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. If the quantity is especially large, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. Those who violate the stipulations of the Forestry Law and engage in wanton logging of forest or other trees in relatively large quantity are to be sentenced to less than three years fixed- term imprisonment, or criminal detention or control and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. They may also be punished by a simple fine. If the quantity is especially large, the law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.
Those who, in order to make a profit, illegally purchase timber from illegal or wanton logging in a serious manner are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention or control and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. They may also be punished by a simple fine. In especially serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.
Those who engage in illegal and wanton logging of forests or other trees inside state natural protection zones are to be punished in a severe manner.
   第三百四十五条 【盗伐林木罪;滥伐林木罪;非法收购盗伐、滥伐的林木罪】盗伐森林或者其他林木,数量较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;数量巨大的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;数量特别巨大的,处七年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
违反森林法的规定,滥伐森林或者其他林木,数量较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;数量巨大的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
以牟利为目的,在林区非法收购明知是盗伐、滥伐的林木,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
盗伐、滥伐国家级自然保护区内的森林或者其他林木的,从重处罚。
Article 346. If a unit commits the crimes stipulated in Article 338 to 345, the unit will be sentenced to a fine, while the leading person with direct responsibility and other personnel directly responsible for such violations are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations of related articles.
   第三百四十六条 【单位犯破坏环境资源保护罪的处罚规定】单位犯本节第三百三十八条至第三百四十五条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照本节各该条的规定处罚。

Section 7. Crimes of Smuggling, Trafficking, Transporting and Manufacturing Drugs
 

第七节 走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪


Article 347. Those who commit the crimes of smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs, regardless of the quantity of drugs, shall be investigated for their criminal responsibility and punished according to the Criminal Law.
Those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture drugs with one of the following conditions are to be punished by 15 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment or death sentence, and, in addition, confiscation of their properties:
   第三百四十七条 【走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪】走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品,无论数量多少,都应当追究刑事责任,予以刑事处罚。
走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品,有下列情形之一的,处十五年有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑,并处没收财产:
(1) Smuggling, trafficking, transporting or manufacturing opium with a quantity of more than 1,000 grams [ke 0344], heroin or methylaniline [jia ji ben bing an 3946 1015 0058 0014 5143] with a quantity of more than 50 grams or other narcotics with a large quantify;
 (一)走私、贩卖、运输、制造鸦片一千克以上、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺五十克以上或者其他毒品数量大的;
(2) The principal leaders of criminal groups engaged in smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs;
 (二)走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品集团的首要分子;
(3) Those who use arms to cover up smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs;
 (三)武装掩护走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的;
(4) Those who use violence to resist inspection, detention or arrest in serious situation; and
 (四)以暴力抗拒检查、拘留、逮捕,情节严重的;
(5) Those who take part in organized international drug trafficking activities.
Those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture opium with a quantity less than 1,000 grams but more than 200 grams, those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture heroin or methylaniline with a quantity less than 50 grams but more than 10 grams, and those who deal with other drugs in large quantity are to be sentenced to more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.
Those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture opium with a quantity less than 200 grams, those who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture heroin or methylaniline with a quantity less than 10 grams, or those who deal with a small quantity of other drugs are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, detention or control, and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. In more serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.
Units which commit the crimes as stated in (2), (3) and (4) above are to be penalized with a fine. Their leading personnel directly responsible for those acts and other directly responsible personnel are to be punished in accordance with the above sections of this article.
Those who utilize or urge youngsters to engage in smuggling, trafficking, transporting or manufacturing drugs or selling drugs to youngsters are to be punished in a heavier manner.
As to those who commit crimes repeatedly, the quantities of drugs involved in smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing will be combined in the judgment for sentencing.
 (五)参与有组织的国际贩毒活动的。
走私、贩卖、运输、制造鸦片二百克以上不满一千克、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺十克以上不满五十克或者其他毒品数量较大的,处七年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
走私、贩卖、运输、制造鸦片不满二百克、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺不满十克或者其他少量毒品的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
单位犯第二款、第三款、第四款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照各该款的规定处罚。
利用、教唆未成年人走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品,或者向未成年人出售毒品的,从重处罚。
对多次走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品,未经处理的,毒品数量累计计算。
Article 348. Those who illegally hold more than 1,000 grams of opium or more than 50 grams of heroin or methylaniline or large quantities of other drugs are to be sentenced to more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine. Those who illegally hold more than 200 grams but less than 1,000 grams of opium or hold more than 10 grams of heroin but less than 50 grams of methylaniline or hold a large quantity of other drugs are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or detention or control and, in addition, be sentenced to paying a fine. In serious cases, the law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and, in addition, be sentenced to paying a fine.
   第三百四十八条 【非法持有毒品罪】非法持有鸦片一千克以上、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺五十克以上或者其他毒品数量大的,处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金;非法持有鸦片二百克以上不满一千克、海洛因或者甲基苯丙胺十克以上不满五十克或者其他毒品数量较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 349. Those who provide cover for criminals who have engaged in smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing drugs and those who hide, move or conceal drugs and properties of criminals are to be sentenced to less than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, detaining or control. In serious cases, they are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Anti-drug smuggling personnel or other workers of state organs who shield or harbor criminal elements who smuggle, sell, transport, or make drugs, are to be severely punished according to stipulations of the above paragraph.
Those who conspire with others in advance to commit crimes stipulated in the above two paragraphs of this article are to be handled as accomplices of smuggling, trafficking, transporting, or making drugs.
   第三百四十九条 【包庇毒品犯罪分子罪;窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品、毒赃罪】包庇走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的犯罪分子的,为犯罪分子窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品或者犯罪所得的财物的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
缉毒人员或者其他国家机关工作人员掩护、包庇走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的犯罪分子的,依照前款的规定从重处罚。
犯前两款罪,事先通谋的,以走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪的共犯论处。
Article 350. Those violating the state's regulations to illegally transport or hand carry into or out of the country acetic oxide, ethyl ether, chloroform, or other raw materials or elixirs for making drugs; and those violating the state's regulations to illegally sell or buy the aforementioned materials within the country, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine. Those involved in large amounts of drugs are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison, in addition to paying a fine.
Those providing aforementioned materials to those whom they know are making drugs are to be handled as accomplices to the making of drugs.
Units committing crimes stipulated in the above two paragraphs are to be fined, and their persons directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the case are to be punished according to stipulations of the above two paragraphs.
   第三百五十条 【走私制毒物品罪;非法买卖制毒物品罪】违反国家规定,非法运输、携带醋酸酐、乙醚、三氯甲烷或者其他用于制造毒品的原料或者配剂进出境的,或者违反国家规定,在境内非法买卖上述物品的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;数量大的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
明知他人制造毒品而为其提供前款规定的物品的,以制造毒品罪的共犯论处。
单位犯前两款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前两款的规定处罚。
Article 351. Illegal growing of opium poppy, marijuana, or other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted is to be forcibly eliminated. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fine:
   第三百五十一条 【非法种植毒品原植物罪】非法种植罂粟、大麻等毒品原植物的,一律强制铲除。有下列情形之一的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金:
(1) Those growing more than 500 but fewer than 3,000 opium poppy plants, or those growing relatively large numbers of other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted;
 (一)种植罂粟五百株以上不满三千株或者其他毒品原植物数量较大的;
(2) those who grow again after their cases have been settled by a public security organ;
 (二)经公安机关处理后又种植的;
(3) those refusing and resisting elimination of their crops.
Those illegally growing more than 3,000 opium poppy plants or large numbers of other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison, in addition to paying a fine or having their property confiscated.
Those illegally growing opium poppy plants or other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted but voluntarily wiping them out before reaping them may be exempted from punishment.
 (三)抗拒铲除的。
非法种植罂粟三千株以上或者其他毒品原植物数量大的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。
非法种植罂粟或者其他毒品原植物,在收获前自动铲除的,可以免除处罚。
Article 352. Those illegally selling, buying, transporting, hand carrying, or those who are illegally in possession of non-sterilized seeds or saplings of opium poppy or other kinds of plants from which drugs are extracted, if the amounts are relatively large, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine; or are to be fined.
   第三百五十二条 【非法买卖、运输、携带、持有毒品原植物种子、幼苗罪】非法买卖、运输、携带、持有未经灭活的罂粟等毒品原植物种子或者幼苗,数量较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金。
Article 353. Those who lure, instigate, or trick others into taking or injecting drugs are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to three to seven years in prison in addition to paying a fine.
Those forcing others to take or inject drugs are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison in addition to paying a fine.
Those luring, instigating, tricking, or forcing minors into taking or injecting drugs are to be severely punished.
   第三百五十三条 【引诱、教唆、欺骗他人吸毒罪;强迫他人吸毒罪】引诱、教唆、欺骗他人吸食、注射毒品的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
强迫他人吸食、注射毒品的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
引诱、教唆、欺骗或者强迫未成年人吸食、注射毒品的,从重处罚。
Article 354. Those harboring others who take or inject drugs are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine.
   第三百五十四条 【容留他人吸毒罪】容留他人吸食、注射毒品的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金。
Article 355. Personnel who produce, transport, manage, or use according to law narcotics or drugs for mental sickness under the state's control and who, in violation to the state's regulations, provide those who take or inject drugs with addictive narcotics or drugs for mental sickness that are under the state's control are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention, in addition to fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to three to seven years in prison in addition to paying a fine. Those providing addictive narcotics or drugs for mental sickness that are under the state's control to criminal elements engaging in smuggling or trafficking drugs or, with the purpose of making profits, to those taking or injecting drugs, are to be convicted and punished according to article 347 of this law.
Units committing crime stipulated in the above paragraph are to be fined, and their persons directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the case are to be punished according to stipulations of the above paragraph.
   第三百五十五条 【非法提供麻醉药品、精神药品罪】依法从事生产、运输、管理、使用国家管制的麻醉药品、精神药品的人员,违反国家规定,向吸食、注射毒品的人提供国家规定管制的能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品、精神药品的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。向走私、贩卖毒品的犯罪分子或者以牟利为目的,向吸食、注射毒品的人提供国家规定管制的能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品、精神药品的,依照本法第三百四十七条的规定定罪处罚。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 356. Those who have been convicted of smuggling, trafficking, transporting, or making drugs, or who are illegally in possession of drugs, and who again commit the crime stipulated in this section, are to be severely punished.
   第三百五十六条 【毒品犯罪的再犯】因走私、贩卖、运输、制造、非法持有毒品罪被判过刑,又犯本节规定之罪的,从重处罚。
Article 357. Drugs as mentioned in this law refer to opium, heroin, ice, morphine, marijuana, cocaine, and other addictive narcotics and drugs for mental sickness that are under the state's control.
The amounts of drugs are to be calculated according to the verified amounts of drugs smuggled, sold, transported, or made, or the amounts illegally in possession, and are not to be calculated in terms of the pureness of the drugs.
   第三百五十七条 【毒品的范围及毒品数量的计算原则】本法所称的毒品,是指鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺(冰毒)、吗啡、大麻、可卡因以及国家规定管制的其他能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品和精神药品。
毒品的数量以查证属实的走私、贩卖、运输、制造、非法持有毒品的数量计算,不以纯度折算。

Section 8. The Crime of Organizing, Forcing, Seducing, Harboring, or Introducing Prostitution
 

第八节 组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪


Article 358. Those organizing others for or forcing others into prostitution are to be sentenced to five to 10 years in prison in addition to having to pay a fine. Those falling in one or more of the following cases are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison or given a life sentence, in addition to a fine or confiscation of property:
   第三百五十八条 【组织卖淫罪;强迫卖淫罪;协助组织卖淫罪】组织他人卖淫或者强迫他人卖淫的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;有下列情形之一的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产:
(1) Those committing serious crimes of organizing others for prostitution;
 (一)组织他人卖淫,情节严重的;
(2) those forcing young girls under the age of 14 into prostitution;
 (二)强迫不满十四周岁的幼女卖淫的;
(3) those forcing more than one person into prostitution and those repeatedly forcing others into prostitution;
 (三)强迫多人卖淫或者多次强迫他人卖淫的;
(4) those forcing others who were raped by them into prostitution;
 (四)强奸后迫使卖淫的;
(5) those causing severe injuries, death, or other serious consequences to those who are forced into prostitution.
Those committing one or more of the above crimes, if the case is especially serious, are to be given a life sentence or sentenced to death, in addition to confiscation of property.
Those helping others organize people for prostitution are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison in addition to a fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to five to 10 years in prison in addition to being fined.
 (五)造成被强迫卖淫的人重伤、死亡或者其他严重后果的。
有前款所列情形之一,情节特别严重的,处无期徒刑或者死刑,并处没收财产。
协助组织他人卖淫的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 359. Those harboring prostitution or seducing or introducing others into prostitution are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison in addition to a fine.
Those seducing young girls under 14 years of age into prostitution are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison in addition to a fine.
   第三百五十九条 【引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪;引诱幼女卖淫罪】引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
引诱不满十四周岁的幼女卖淫的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 360. Those engaging in prostitution or visiting a whorehouse knowing that they are suffering from syphilis, clap, or other serious venereal diseases are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to having to pay a fine.
Those who visit young girl prostitutes under 14 years of age are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison an addition to paying a fine.
   第三百六十条 【传播性病罪;嫖宿幼女罪】明知自己患有梅毒、淋病等严重性病卖淫、嫖娼的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金。
嫖宿不满十四周岁的幼女的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 361. Personnel of hotels, restaurants, entertainment industry, taxi companies, and other units who take advantage of their units' position to organize, force, seduce, harbor, or introduce others to prostitution are to be convicted and punished according to articles 358 and 359 of this law.
Main persons in charge of the aforementioned units who commit crimes stipulated in the above paragraph are to be severely punished.
   第三百六十一条 【特定单位的人员组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫的处理规定】旅馆业、饮食服务业、文化娱乐业、出租汽车业等单位的人员,利用本单位的条件,组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的,依照本法第三百五十八条、第三百五十九条的规定定罪处罚。
前款所列单位的主要负责人,犯前款罪的,从重处罚。
Article 362. Personnel of hotels, restaurants, entertainment industry, taxi companies, or other units who inform law offenders and criminals while public security personnel are checking prostitution and whorehouse visiting activities, if the case is serious, are to be convicted and punished according to article 310 of this law.
   第三百六十二条 【窝藏、包庇罪】旅馆业、饮食服务业、文化娱乐业、出租汽车业等单位的人员,在公安机关查处卖淫、嫖娼活动时,为违法犯罪分子通风报信,情节严重的,依照本法第三百一十条的规定定罪处罚。

Section 9. The Crime of Producing, Selling, or Disseminating Obscene Materials
 

第九节 制作、贩卖、传播淫秽物品罪


Article 363. Those producing, reproducing, publishing, selling, or disseminating obscene materials with the purpose of making profits are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison in addition to having to pay a fine. If the case is especially serious, they are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison or given life sentence, in addition to a fine or confiscation of property.
Those providing others with international standard book numbers [ISBN] for publishing obscene books or magazines are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to having to pay a fine; or are to be fined. Those providing others with ISBNs knowing that they are going to use them for publishing obscene books or magazines are to be punished according to the above stipulations.
   第三百六十三条 【制作、复制、出版、贩卖、传播淫秽物品牟利罪;为他人提供书号出版淫秽书刊罪】以牟利为目的,制作、复制、出版、贩卖、传播淫秽物品的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。
为他人提供书号,出版淫秽书刊的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金;明知他人用于出版淫秽书刊而提供书号的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 364. Those disseminating obscene books, magazines, films, audio and video recordings, pictures, or other kinds of obscene materials, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance.
Those organizing the broadcasting or showing of obscene motion pictures, video films, or other kinds of audio and video recordings are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to having to pay a fine. If the case if serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison in addition to paying a fine.
Those producing or reproducing and organizing the broadcasting or showing of obscene motion pictures, video tapes, or other kinds of audio and video recordings are to be severely punished according to stipulations in paragraph two of this article.
Those broadcasting or showing obscene materials to minors under 18 years of age are to be severely punished.
   第三百六十四条 【传播淫秽物品罪;组织播放淫秽音像制品罪】传播淫秽的书刊、影片、音像、图片或者其他淫秽物品,情节严重的,处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
组织播放淫秽的电影、录像等音像制品的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
制作、复制淫秽的电影、录像等音像制品组织播放的,依照第二款的规定从重处罚。
向不满十八周岁的未成年人传播淫秽物品的,从重处罚。
Article 365. Those organizing an obscene performance are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance, in addition to paying a fine. If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison in addition to having to pay a fine.
   第三百六十五条 【组织淫秽表演罪】组织进行淫秽表演的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
Article 366. Units committing crimes stipulated in articles 363, 354, or 365 of this section are to be fined, and their main persons directly in charge and other personnel directly responsible for the case are to be punished according to stipulations of respective articles.
   第三百六十六条 【单位犯本节规定之罪的处罚】单位犯本节第三百六十三条、第三百六十四条、第三百六十五条规定之罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照各该条的规定处罚。
Article 367. Obscene materials mentioned in this law refer to erotic books, magazines, motion pictures, video tapes, audio tapes, pictures, and other obscene materials that graphically describe sexual intercourse or explicitly publicize pornography.
Scientific products about physiological or medical knowledge are not obscene materials.
Literary and artistic works of artistic value that contain erotic contents are not regarded as obscene materials.
   第三百六十七条 【淫秽物品的范围】本法所称淫秽物品,是指具体描绘性行为或者露骨宣扬色情的诲淫性的书刊、影片、录像带、录音带、图片及其他淫秽物品。
有关人体生理、医学知识的科学著作不是淫秽物品。
包含有色情内容的有艺术价值的文学、艺术作品不视为淫秽物品。

Chapter VII Crimes of Endangering the Interests of National Defense
 

第七章 危害国防利益罪


Article 368. Those who use methods of violence or threat to obstruct military personnel from carrying out their duties in accordance with the law are to be sentenced to not more then three years of fixed-term imprisonment, or criminal detention or control and may, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.
Those who intentionally obstruct military actions of the armed forces and cause serious consequences are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.
   第三百六十八条 【阻碍军人执行职务罪;阻碍军事行动罪】以暴力、威胁方法阻碍军人依法执行职务的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。
故意阻碍武装部队军事行动,造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 369. Those who sabotage weapons and equipment, military facilities or military communications are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed- term imprisonment or criminal detention or control. Those who sabotage important weapons and equipment, military facilities or military communications are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Those whose crimes are especially serious are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment or death. During war times, the punishment will be more severe.
   第三百六十九条 【破坏武器装备、军事设施、军事通信罪】破坏武器装备、军事设施、军事通信的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;破坏重要武器装备、军事设施、军事通信的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。战时从重处罚。
Article 370. Those who knowingly supply unqualified weapons and equipment and other military facilities to armed units are to be sentenced to not more than five years fixed- term imprisonment or criminal detention. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than five years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. In especially serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment or death.
Those who commit the above-mentioned crimes and cause serious consequences due to negligence are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention. Those who commit above- mentioned crimes and cause especially serious consequences due to negligence are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
If a unit commits crimes noted in section one of this article, the unit will be sentenced to a fine. Leading personnel of the unit having direct responsibility and other personnel directly responsible for the crimes are to be punished in accordance with section one of this article.
   第三百七十条 【故意提供不合格武器装备、军事设施罪;过失提供不合格武器装备、军事设施罪】明知是不合格的武器装备、军事设施而提供给武装部队的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
过失犯前款罪,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
单位犯第一款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照第一款的规定处罚。
Article 371. The principal leaders of those who assemble a crowd to charge military forbidden zones and seriously disrupt order in military forbidden zones are to be sentenced to more than five years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Other active participants are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control or deprivation of political rights.
The principal leaders of those who assemble a crowd to seriously disrupt order in military administrative zones, hamper operation in the military administrative zones and cause serious losses are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment. Other active participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprivation of political rights.
   第三百七十一条 【聚众冲击军事禁区罪;聚众扰乱军事管理区秩序罪】聚众冲击军事禁区,严重扰乱军事禁区秩序的,对首要分子,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;对其他积极参加的,处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
聚众扰乱军事管理区秩序,情节严重,致使军事管理区工作无法进行,造成严重损失的,对首要分子,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑;对其他积极参加的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
Article 372. Those who pose as military personnel and engage in cheating and bluffing are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprivation of political rights. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百七十二条 【冒充军人招摇撞骗罪】冒充军人招摇撞骗的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 373. Those who instigate military personnel to escape from the unit to which they belong or knowingly employ those escaped military personnel are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control if the situation is serious.
   第三百七十三条 【煽动军人逃离部队罪;雇用逃离部队军人罪】煽动军人逃离部队或者明知是逃离部队的军人而雇用,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
Article 374. Those who play favoritism and commit irregularities in conscription work or receive and deliver unqualified enlisted men are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention if the situation is serious. Those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less then seven years fixed-term imprisonment if the consequences are especially serious.
   第三百七十四条 【接送不合格兵员罪】在征兵工作中徇私舞弊,接送不合格兵员,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 375. Those who forge, alter, buy or sell, steal or rob documents, certificates and seals of armed units are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control or deprivation of political rights. If the situation is serious, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Those who illegally produce, buy or sell uniform, vehicle licenses and other military signs of armed forces are to be sentenced to not more three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control if the situation is serious, and, in addition, be sentenced to a fine.
Units which commit the crime of paragraph two of this article are to be sentenced to a fine. The principal leading persons responsible for the crime and other directly responsible personnel are to be punished in accordance with paragraph two of this article.
   第三百七十五条 【伪造、变造、买卖武装部队公文、证件、印章罪;盗窃、抢夺武装部队公文、证件、印章罪;非法生产、买卖军用标志罪】伪造、变造、买卖或者盗窃、抢夺武装部队公文、证件、印章的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
非法生产、买卖武装部队制式服装、车辆号牌等专用标志,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金。
单位犯第二款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照该款的规定处罚。
Article 376. Reserve service personnel who refuse or evade conscription or military training in times of war are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention if the situation is serious.
Citizens who refuse or evade conscription in times of war are to be sentenced to not more two years of fixed-term imprisonment if the situation is serious.
   第三百七十六条 【战时拒绝、逃避征召、军事训练罪;战时拒绝、逃避服役罪】预备役人员战时拒绝、逃避征召或者军事训练,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
公民战时拒绝、逃避服役,情节严重的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 377. Those who intentionally provide false enemy information and thus cause serious consequences are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Those whose acts cause especially serious consequences are to be sentenced to more then 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment.
   第三百七十七条 【战时故意提供虚假敌情罪】战时故意向武装部队提供虚假敌情,造成严重后果的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;造成特别严重后果的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
Article 378. Those who create rumors and undermine the morale of the armed forces are to be sentenced to not more three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than three years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百七十八条 【战时造谣扰乱军心罪】战时造谣惑众,扰乱军心的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 379. Those who knowingly provide shelter, properties and things for escaped military personnel in times of war are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention if the situation is serious.
   第三百七十九条 【战时窝藏逃离部队军人罪】战时明知是逃离部队的军人而为其提供隐蔽处所、财物,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 380. Units which refuse or intentionally delay military orders for supplies in times of war are to be sentenced to a fine. The principal leading responsible personnel and other persons directly responsible for the crimes are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention. In serious cases, those law offenders are to be sentenced to more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.
   第三百八十条 【战时拒绝、故意延误军事订货罪】战时拒绝或者故意延误军事订货,情节严重的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成严重后果的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 381. Those who refuse military requisition in times of war are to be sentenced to more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention if the situation is serious.
   第三百八十一条 【战时拒绝军事征用罪】战时拒绝军事征用,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Chapter VIII Graft and Bribery
 

第八章 贪污贿赂罪


Article 382. State personnel who take advantage of their office to misappropriate, steal, swindle or use other illegal means to acquire state properties constitute the crime of graft.
Those who are entrusted by state organs, state companies, state enterprises, state undertakings and mass organizations to administer and operate state properties but take advantage of their office to misappropriate, steal, swindle or use other illegal means to acquire state properties also constitute the crime of graft.
Those who collaborate with those personnel as listed in the aforementioned two paragraphs and join the crime are considered as committing a joint crime.
   第三百八十二条 【贪污罪】国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,侵吞、窃取、骗取或者以其他手段非法占有公共财物的,是贪污罪。
受国家机关、国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体委托管理、经营国有财产的人员,利用职务上的便利,侵吞、窃取、骗取或者以其他手段非法占有国有财物的,以贪污论。
与前两款所列人员勾结,伙同贪污的,以共犯论处。
Article 383. Those who commit the crime of graft are to be punished according to the following stipulations depending on the seriousness of their cases:
   第三百八十三条 【对犯贪污罪的处罚规定】对犯贪污罪的,根据情节轻重,分别依照下列规定处罚:
(1) Individuals who have engaged in graft with an amount of more than 100,000 yuan are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and may, in addition, have their properties confiscated. In especially serious cases, those offenders are to be sentenced to death and, in addition, have their properties confiscated.
 (一)个人贪污数额在十万元以上的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,可以并处没收财产;情节特别严重的,处死刑,并处没收财产。
(2) Individuals who have engaged in graft with an amount of more than 50,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan are to be sentenced to more than 5 years of fixed-term imprisonment and may, in addition, have their properties confiscated. In especially serious cases, those offenders are to be sentenced to life imprisonment and, in addition, have their properties confiscated.
 (二)个人贪污数额在五万元以上不满十万元的,处五年以上有期徒刑,可以并处没收财产;情节特别严重的,处无期徒刑,并处没收财产。
(3) Individuals who have engaged in graft with an amount of more than 5,000 yuan but less than 50,000 yuan are to be sentenced to more than one year but less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment. In serious cases, those offenders are to be sentenced to more than seven years but less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment. Individuals who have engaged in graft with a amount of more than 1,000 yuan but less than 10,000 yuan may receive a reduced punishment or be exempted from punishment if they express repentance after having committed crimes and actively returning the illegally obtained money. However, they will receive administrative action to be decided by the unit to which they belong or the higher administrative organ.
 (三)个人贪污数额在五千元以上不满五万元的,处一年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处七年以上十年以下有期徒刑。个人贪污数额在五千元以上不满一万元,犯罪后有悔改表现、积极退赃的,可以减轻处罚或者免予刑事处罚,由其所在单位或者上级主管机关给予行政处分。
(4) Individuals who have engaged in graft with an amount of less than 5,000 yuan, with the situation being serious, are to be sentenced to less than two years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention. In lighter cases, they will be given administrative action to be decided by the unit to which they belong or the higher administrative organ.
Toward those who have committed repeated crimes of graft, all amounts of graft of unhandled cases are to be added in meting out punishment.
 (四)个人贪污数额不满五千元,情节较重的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节较轻的,由其所在单位或者上级主管机关酌情给予行政处分。
对多次贪污未经处理的,按照累计贪污数额处罚。
Article 384. State personnel who take advantage of their office and misappropriate public funds for personal use or illegal activities or misappropriate large amounts of public funds without returning the money within three months are guilty of the crime of embezzlement and are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention. In serious cases, those offenders are to be sentenced to more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment. Those who misappropriate a large amount of public funds without returning the money are to be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment.
Those who misappropriate funds for relief of natural disasters, flood prevention, preferential treatment to military dependents, helping the poor and aid supplies for personal use are to be punished in a severe manner.
   第三百八十四条 【挪用公款罪】国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,挪用公款归个人使用,进行非法活动的,或者挪用公款数额较大、进行营利活动的,或者挪用公款数额较大、超过三个月未还的,是挪用公款罪,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑。挪用公款数额巨大不退还的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
挪用用于救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济款物归个人使用的,从重处罚。
Article 385. State personnel who take advantage of their office to demand money and things from other people or if they illegally accept money and things from other people and give favors to the latter are guilty of the crime of bribery.
State personnel in their economic operation accept various kinds of kickback and handling fees for their personal use in violation of state provisions also guilty of the crime of bribery and are to be punished accordingly.
   第三百八十五条 【受贿罪】国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,索取他人财物的,或者非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益的,是受贿罪。
国家工作人员在经济往来中,违反国家规定,收受各种名义的回扣、手续费,归个人所有的,以受贿论处。
Article 386. Whoever commits the crime of accepting bribes is to be punished on the basis of Article 383 of this law according to the amount of bribes and the circumstances. A heavier punishment shall be given to whoever demands a bribe.
   第三百八十六条 【对犯受贿罪的处罚规定】对犯受贿罪的,根据受贿所得数额及情节,依照本法第三百八十三条的规定处罚。索贿的从重处罚。
Article 387. State organs, state-owned companies, enterprises, institutions, and people's organizations which exact or illegally accept articles of property from other people and try to obtain gain for other people shall be sentenced to a fine if the circumstances are serious; moreover, their personnel who are directly in charge and other personnel who are directly held responsible for the crime are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or to criminal detention.
In economic activities, should the units listed in the preceding paragraph secretly accept, outside the account, kickback or service charges of various types, they are to be punished as having accepted a bribe on the basis of the provisions in the preceding paragraph.
   第三百八十七条 【单位受贿罪】国家机关、国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体,索取、非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益,情节严重的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
前款所列单位,在经济往来中,在帐外暗中收受各种名义的回扣、手续费的,以受贿论,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 388. State functionaries who help trustors to seek illegitimate gain, exact or accept articles of property from trustors by taking advantage of the facilities created by their authority of office or position, or through the action related to the post of other state functionaries, shall be dealt with according to the crime of accepting bribes.
   第三百八十八条 【受贿罪】国家工作人员利用本人职权或者地位形成的便利条件,通过其他国家工作人员职务上的行为,为请托人谋取不正当利益,索取请托人财物或者收受请托人财物的,以受贿论处。
Article 389. An act of giving state functionaries articles of property in order to seek illegitimate gain shall be considered a crime of offering bribes.
In economic activities, whoever gives articles of property to state functionaries in violation of state provisions, when the amount is fairly large, or gives a kickback or service charges of various types to state functionaries in violation of state provisions is to be dealt with as committing the crime of offering bribes.
Whoever gives articles of property to state functionaries due to extortion but receives no illegitimate gain shall not be considered as committing the crime of offering bribes.
   第三百八十九条 【行贿罪】为谋取不正当利益,给予国家工作人员以财物的,是行贿罪。
在经往来中,违反国家规定,给予国家工作人员以财物,数额较大的,或者违反国家规定,给予国家工作人员以各种名义的回扣、手续费的,以行贿论处。
因被勒索给予国家工作人员以财物,没有获得不正当利益的,不是行贿。
Article 390. Whoever commits the crime of offering bribes is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or to criminal detention; whoever offers bribes to seek illegitimate gain, when the circumstances are serious, or causes great damage to state interests, is to be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, or to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment when the circumstances are extremely serious, and may in addition be sentenced to confiscation of property.
Before prosecution, offenders in offering bribes who take the initiative to admit their crime may receive a lighter punishment or be exempted from punishment.
   第三百九十条 【对犯行贿罪的处罚】对犯行贿罪的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;因行贿谋取不正当利益,情节严重的,或者使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,可以并处没收财产。
行贿人在被追诉前主动交待行贿行为的,可以减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
Article 391. To seek illegitimate gain, whoever gives articles of property to state organs, state-owned companies, enterprises, institutions, and people's organizations, or in economic activities gives kickbacks or service charges in violation of state provisions, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or to criminal detention.
Whichever unit commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is to be sentenced to a fine, and the responsible persons who are directly in charge of the unit or other personnel who are held directly responsible for the crime shall be punished on the basis of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百九十一条 【对单位行贿罪】为谋取不正当利益,给予国家机关、国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体以财物的,或者在经济往来中,违反国家规定,给予各种名义的回扣、手续费的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 392. Whoever introduces bribery to state functionaries, when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or to criminal detention.
Before prosecution, if the person introducing bribery to state functionaries takes the initiative to admit his/her crime, he or she may receive a lighter punishment or be exempted from punishment.
   第三百九十二条 【介绍贿赂罪】向国家工作人员介绍贿赂,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
介绍贿赂人在被追诉前主动交待介绍贿赂行为的,可以减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
Article 393. To seek illegitimate gain, any unit which offers bribes or gives kickback or service charges to state functionaries in violation of state provisions, when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to a fine, and the personnel directly in charge of the unit or other personnel who are directly held responsible for the crime are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed- term imprisonment or to criminal detention. In case the income obtained illegally through bribery is received by an individual, the individual shall be punished according to the crime stipulated in Article 389 and Article 390 of this law.
   第三百九十三条 【单位行贿罪】单位为谋取不正当利益而行贿,或者违反国家规定,给予国家工作人员以回扣、手续费,情节严重的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。因行贿取得的违法所得归个人所有的,依照本法第三百八十九条、第三百九十条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 394. State functionaries who accept gifts in the course of carrying out official duties at home or in intercourse with foreign countries but who fail to turn over the gifts to the state in accordance with state provisions, when the amount is fairly large, shall be punished in accordance with the crimes stated in Article 382 and Article 383 of this law.
   第三百九十四条 【贪污罪】国家工作人员在国内公务活动或者对外交往中接受礼物,依照国家规定应当交公而不交公,数额较大的,依照本法第三百八十二条、第三百八十三条的规定定罪处罚。
Article 395. When the property or expenses of state functionaries clearly exceed their legitimate income, when the difference is huge, they shall be ordered to explain the sources of their property. When state functionaries fail to explain the legitimacy of their property, that part of property shall be considered an illegal income, and they themselves shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or to criminal detention, and the difference must be handed over to the state.
State functionaries who have savings deposits in foreign countries must declare their deposits according to state provisions. Those who hide their deposits of this nature by not declaring them are to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment or to criminal detention; when the circumstances are not serious, they shall be given administrative punishment by the unit to which they belong or by a competent organ of a higher level according to the circumstance.
   第三百九十五条 【巨额财产来源不明罪;隐瞒境外存款罪】国家工作人员的财产或者支出明显超过合法收入,差额巨大的,可以责令说明来源。本人不能说明其来源是合法的,差额部分以非法所得论,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,财产的差额部分予以追缴。
国家工作人员在境外的存款,应当依照国家规定申报。数额较大、隐瞒不报的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节较轻的,由其所在单位或者上级主管机关酌情给予行政处分。
Article 396. State organs, state-owned companies, enterprises, business units, and mass organizations which violate state regulations by privately distributing state assets to groups of individuals in the name of the units, where the amounts involved are fairly large, the principal personnel directly responsible and other personnel with direct responsibility shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; and when huge amounts are involved, not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment, and may in addition be sentenced to a fine.
Judicial organizations and administrative and law enforcement organizations which violate state stipulations by privately distributing to groups of individuals fines and confiscated goods that should be turned over to the higher authorities, shall be punished in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百九十六条 【私分国有资产罪;私分罚没财物罪】国家机关、国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体,违反国家规定,以单位名义将国有资产集体私分给个人,数额较大的,对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;数额巨大的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。
司法机关、行政执法机关违反国家规定,将应当上缴国家的罚没财物,以单位名义集体私分给个人的,依照前款的规定处罚。

Chapter IX Crimes of Dereliction of Duty
 

第九章 渎职罪


Article 397. State personnel who abuse their power or neglect their duties, causing great losses to public property and the state's and people's interests, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; and when the circumstances are exceptionally serious, not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment. Where there are separate stipulations under this law, these stipulations shall be followed. State personnel who practice favoritism and commit irregularities and the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and when the circumstances are exceptionally serious, not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Where there are separate stipulations under this law, these stipulations shall be followed.
   第三百九十七条 【滥用职权罪;玩忽职守罪】国家机关工作人员滥用职权或者玩忽职守,致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。本法另有规定的,依照规定。
国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊,犯前款罪的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。本法另有规定的,依照规定。
Article 398. State personnel who violate the stipulations of the Law of Protection of State Secrets and intentionally or negligently reveal state secrets, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; and when the circumstances are exceptionally serious, not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Non-state personnel who commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in consideration of the circumstances and in accordance with the stipulations of the preceding paragraph.
   第三百九十八条 【故意泄露国家秘密罪;过失泄露国家秘密罪】国家机关工作人员违反保守国家秘密法的规定,故意或者过失泄露国家秘密,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
非国家机关工作人员犯前款罪的,依照前款的规定酌情处罚。
Article 399. Judicial personnel who act with partiality and defeat the ends of justice and bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends, subjecting to prosecution persons they clearly know to be innocent or intentionally protecting from prosecution persons they clearly know to be guilty, or, intentionally go against facts and laws in criminal trials to render judgments that misuse the law, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and when the circumstances are serious, not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; and in exceptionally serious circumstances, not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Whoever intentionally goes against facts and laws in civil and administrative trials to render judgments that misuse the law, and when the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment; and in exceptionally serious circumstances, not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.
Judicial personnel who take bribes and bend the law and commit the crimes mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs, and meanwhile constituting the crimes mentioned in Article 385 of this law, shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the stipulations for a heavier penalty.
   第三百九十九条 【徇私枉法罪;枉法裁判罪】司法工作人员徇私枉法、徇情枉法,对明知是无罪的人而使他受追诉、对明知是有罪的人而故意包庇不使他受追诉,或者在刑事审判活动中故意违背事实和法律作枉法裁判的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑。
在民事、行政审判活动中故意违背事实和法律作枉法裁判,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
司法工作人员贪赃枉法,有前两款行为的,同时又构成本法第三百八十五条规定之罪的,依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。
Article 400. Judicial work personnel who release without authority crime suspects, accused persons, or criminals from custody shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; or -- for cases of a serious nature -- with imprisonment of over five years and less than 10 years; or -- for cases of an extraordinary serious nature – with imprisonment of over 10 years.
Judicial work personnel who, because of serious irresponsibility, cause the escape of crime suspects, accused persons, or criminals from custody resulting in severe consequences, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; or -- for cases causing extraordinary serious consequences -- with imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years.
   第四百条 【私放在押人员罪;失职致使在押人员脱逃罪】司法工作人员私放在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或者罪犯的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑。
司法工作人员由于严重不负责任,致使在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或者罪犯脱逃,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别严重后果的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 401. Judicial work personnel who, because of favoritism and malpractice, offer commutation, parole, or out-of-prison enforcement for offenses that fail to meet requirements of such commutation, parole, or out-of-prison enforcement, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; or -- for cases of a serious nature -- with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years.
   第四百零一条 【徇私舞弊减刑、假释、暂予监外执行罪】司法工作人员徇私舞弊,对不符合减刑、假释、暂予监外执行条件的罪犯,予以减刑、假释或者暂予监外执行的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 402. Administrative law enforcement personnel who, because of favoritism and malpractice, fail to refer cases to judicial organs for establishing criminal liabilities under the law, shall -- in cases of a serious nature -- be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; or -- where serious consequences have been caused -- with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years.
   第四百零二条 【徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪】行政执法人员徇私舞弊,对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的不移交,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 403. State organ work personnel under relevant competent state departments, who, because of favoritism, malpractice, and abuse of powers, approve or register the incorporation or registration of companies that fail to meet conditions required by law, or approve their applications for issuance of shares or bonds, or listing resulting in serious losses to public property and interests of the state and the people, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years.
Personnel directly in charge of a department of a higher level that forcibly order registration organs or their work personnel to commit acts of the preceding paragraph shall be punished according to provisions of the preceding paragraph.
   第四百零三条 【滥用管理公司、证券职权罪】国家有关主管部门的国家机关工作人员,徇私舞弊,滥用职权,对不符合法律规定条件的公司设立、登记申请或者股票、债券发行、上市申请,予以批准或者登记,致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
上级部门强令登记机关及其工作人员实施前款行为的,对其直接负责的主管人员,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 404. Work personnel of tax organs, who, because of favoritism and malpractice, fail to impose or impose less mandatory taxes resulting in serious losses of state revenues, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; or -- in cases causing extraordinary serious losses -- with imprisonment of over five years.
   第四百零四条 【徇私舞弊不征、少征税款罪】税务机关的工作人员徇私舞弊,不征或者少征应征税款,致使国家税收遭受重大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别重大损失的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 405. Work personnel of tax organs, who, in violation of provisions under the law and administrative rules, cause great losses to state interests in handling work relating to sale of invoices, tax offsetting, and export tax refund as a result of favoritism and malpractice, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; or -- in cases causing extraordinary serious losses to state interests -- with imprisonment of over five years.
Other state organ work personnel, who, in violation of state stipulations, practice favoritism and malpractice in work relating to export tax refunds, including provision of customs declaration bills for export goods, and verification and cancellation of exchange earnings through export, resulting in serious losses to state interests, shall be punished according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
   第四百零五条 【徇私舞弊发售发票、抵扣税款、出口退税罪;违法提供出口退税证罪】税务机关的工作人员违反法律、行政法规的规定,在办理发售发票、抵扣税款、出口退税工作中,徇私舞弊,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;致使国家利益遭受特别重大损失的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
其他国家机关工作人员违反国家规定,在提供出口货物报关单、出口收汇核销单等出口退税凭证的工作中,徇私舞弊,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Article 406. Work personnel of state organs, who, because of serious irresponsibility, have been deceived in the course of entering or executing agreements, resulting in serious losses to state interests, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; or -- for cases causing extraordinary serious losses to state interests -- with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years.
   第四百零六条 【国家机关工作人员签订、履行合同失职罪】国家机关工作人员在签订、履行合同过程中,因严重不负责任被诈骗,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;致使国家利益遭受特别重大损失的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 407. Work personnel of departments in charge of forest industry, who, in violation of provisions under the Forest Law, issue logging licenses in excess of approved annual quotas or indiscriminately issue logging licenses, shall -- in cases of a serious nature that cause severe damages to forests -- be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years.
   第四百零七条 【违法发放林木采代许可证罪】林业主管部门的工作人员违反森林法的规定,超过批准的年采伐限额发放林木采伐许可证或者违反规定滥发林木采伐许可证,情节严重,致使森林遭受严重破坏的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 408. Work personnel of state organs in charge of environmental protection and supervision, whose serious irresponsibility has resulted in serious consequences, including severe environmental pollution that causes serious damages to public and private property or human casualties, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years.
   第四百零八条 【环境监管失职罪】负有环境保护监督管理职责的国家机关工作人员严重不负责任,导致发生重大环境污染事故,致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者造成人身伤亡的严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 409. Government work personnel of public health administrative departments engaging in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, whose serious irresponsibility has resulted in the communication and spread of infectious diseases, shall -- in cases of a serious nature --be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years.
   第四百零九条 【传染病防治失职罪】从事传染病防治的政府卫生行政部门的工作人员严重不负责任,导致传染病传播或者流行,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 410. State organ work personnel, who practice favoritism and malpractice, violate land management rules, and abuse powers in illegally approving land acquisition and occupation, or illegally leasing out land use rights at a price lower than market value, shall -- in cases of a serious nature -- be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; or -- for cases causing extraordinary heavy losses to state or collective interests -- with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years.
   第四百一十条 【非法批准征用、占用土地罪;非法低价出让国有土地使用权罪】国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊,违反土地管理法规,滥用职权,非法批准征用、占用土地,或者非法低价出让国有土地使用权,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;致使国家或者集体利益遭受特别重大损失的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 411. Customs work personnel who practice favoritism and malpractice in conniving smuggling, shall, -- for cases of a serious nature-- be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; or -- for cases of an extraordinary serious nature -- be punished with imprisonment of over five years.
   第四百一十一条 【放纵走私罪】海关工作人员徇私舞弊,放纵走私,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 412. Work personnel with state commercial inspection departments or organizations, who practice favoritism and malpractice and forge inspection results, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; or -- for cases of a serious nature -- with imprisonment of over five years and less than 10 years.
Work personnel mentioned in the preceding paragraph, who, because of serious irresponsibility, fail to inspect goods requiring inspection, or delay inspection and issuance of certificates, or wrongly issue certificates resulting in serious losses to state interests, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years.
   第四百一十二条 【商检徇私舞弊罪;商检失职罪】国家商检部门、商检机构的工作人员徇私舞弊,伪造检验结果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成严重后果的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
前款所列人员严重不负责任,对应当检验的物品不检验,或者延误检验出证、错误出证,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 413. Quarantine personnel with animal and plant quarantine organs, who practice favoritism and malpractice in forging quarantine results, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; or -- in cases with serious consequences -- with imprisonment of over five years and less than 10 years.
Work personnel mentioned in the preceding paragraph, who, because of serious irresponsibility, fail to carry out quarantine on goods requiring quarantine, or delay quarantine and issuance of certificates, or wrongly issue certificates resulting in serious losses to state interests, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years.
   第四百一十三条 【动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪;动植物检疫失职罪】动植物检疫机关的检疫人员徇私舞弊,伪造检疫结果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成严重后果的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
前款所列人员严重不负责任,对应当检疫的检疫物不检疫,或者延误检疫出证、错误出证,致使国家利益遭受重大损失的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 414. State organ work personnel charged with the responsibility of establishing liabilities of criminal acts relating to the sale of fake and shoddy merchandise, who practice favoritism and malpractice and fail to perform their duties under the law, shall -- in cases of a serious nature -- be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years.
   第四百一十四条 【放纵制售伪劣商品犯罪行为罪】对生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪行为负有追究责任的国家机关工作人员,徇私舞弊,不履行法律规定的追究职责,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 415. State organ work personnel charged with the responsibility of handling passports, visas, and other exit/entry documents, who knowingly grant exit/entry documents to personnel attempting to cross state (border) lines illegally; or state organ work personnel of frontier defense or customs, who knowingly let go personnel who try to cross state (border) lines illegally, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; or -- in cases of a serious nature – with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years.
   第四百一十五条 【办理偷越国(边)境人员出入境证件罪;放行偷越国(边)境人员罪】负责办理护照、签证以及其他出入境证件的国家机关工作人员,对明知是企图偷越国(边)境的人员,予以办理出入境证件的,或者边防、海关等国家机关工作人员,对明知是偷越国(边)境的人员,予以放行的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 416. State organ personnel charged with the responsibility of rescuing abducted or kidnapped women and children, who fail to act at the request of the abducted or kidnapped women or children or members of their family or at information received from members of the public, resulting in serious consequences, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years.
State organ work personnel with rescue responsibility, who take advantage of their duties to obstruct rescue operations, shall be punished with imprisonment of over two years and less than seven years; or -- for less serious cases -- with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than two years.
   第四百一十六条 【不解救被拐卖、绑架妇女、儿童罪;阻碍解救被拐卖、绑架妇女儿童罪】对被拐卖、绑架的妇女、儿童负有解救职责的国家机关工作人员,接到被拐卖、绑架的妇女、儿童及其家属的解救要求或者接到其他人的举报,而对被拐卖、绑架的妇女、儿童不进行解救,造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
负有解救职责的国家机关工作人员利用职务阻碍解救的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑;情节较轻的,处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 417. State organ personnel charged with the responsibility of investigating and banning criminal activities, who send secret information or tip off criminal elements, or provide facility to help them evade punishment, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; or -- in cases of a serious nature – with imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years.
   第四百一十七条 【帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚罪】有查禁犯罪活动职责的国家机关工作人员,向犯罪分子通风报信、提供便利,帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 418. State organ work personnel who practice favoritism and malpractice in recruiting government functionaries or students, shall – in cases of a serious nature -- be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years.
   第四百一十八条 【招收公务员、学生徇私舞弊罪】国家机关工作人员在招收公务员、学生工作中徇私舞弊,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 419. State personnel who cause damage to or loss of precious cultural relics through serious irresponsibility shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention if the circumstances are serious.
   第四百一十九条 【失职造成珍贵文物损毁、流失罪】国家机关工作人员严重不负责任,造成珍贵文物损毁或者流失,后果严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Chapter X Crimes of Violation of Duty by Military Personnel
 

第十章 军人违反职责罪


Article 420. Acts by military personnel of endangering national and military interests in violation of their duties which are punishable by law are considered crimes in violation of duty by military personnel.
   第四百二十条 【军人违反职责罪的概念】军人违反职责,危害国家军事利益,依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的行为,是军人违反职责罪。
Article 421. Those who endanger military operations in defiance of orders in wartime shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. If they cause major losses in combat or battle, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
   第四百二十一条 【战时违抗命令罪】战时违抗命令,对作战造成危害的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 422. Those who endanger military operations by deliberately concealing military information, providing false military information, refusing to relay military orders, or relaying false military orders shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. If they cause major losses in combat or battle, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
   第四百二十二条 【隐瞒、谎报军情罪;拒传、假传军令罪】故意隐瞒、谎报军情或者拒传、假传军令,对作战造成危害的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 423. Those who care for nothing but their own lives on the battleground and lay down their arms and surrender to the enemy of their own accord shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment.
Those who work for the enemy after their surrender shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
   第四百二十三条 【投降罪】在战场上贪生怕死,自动放下武器投降敌人的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
投降后为敌人效劳的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 424. Those who flee from battle shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years in prison and not more than 10 years in prison. If they cause major losses in combat or battle, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
   第四百二十四条 【战时临阵脱逃罪】战时临阵脱逃的,处三年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 425. Commanders and personnel on duty who cause serious consequences by leaving their posts without permission or by neglecting their duties shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. In the event of especially serious consequences, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison.
Those who commit the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph in wartime shall be sentenced to not less than five years in prison.
   第四百二十五条 【擅离、玩忽军事职守罪】指挥人员和值班、值勤人员擅离职守或者玩忽职守,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
战时犯前款罪的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 426. Those who obstruct commanders or personnel on duty from performing their duties through violence or intimidation shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years in prison. In the event of serious injuries or deaths, or other especially serious circumstances, they shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death. If they commit these acts in wartime, they shall be given stiff punishment.
   第四百二十六条 【阻碍执行军事职务罪】以暴力、威胁方法,阻碍指挥人员或者值班、值勤人员执行职务的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑;致人重伤、死亡的,或者有其他特别严重情节的,处无期徒刑或者死刑。战时从重处罚。
Article 427. Those who cause serious consequences by abusing their powers and directing their subordinates to engage in activities in violation of their duties shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison.
   第四百二十七条 【指使部属违反职责罪】滥用职权,指使部属进行违反职责的活动,造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 428. Commanders who cause serious consequences by turning away from battle or acting passively in combat in defiance of orders shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison. In the event of major losses in combat or battle, or other especially serious circumstances, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years in prison.
   第四百二十八条 【违令作战消极罪】指挥人员违抗命令,临阵畏缩,作战消极,造成严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑;致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失或者有其他特别严重情节的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 429. The commanders of those who cause friendly forces to suffer major losses by not coming to their rescue on the battleground, although they know that they are in imminent danger, are asking for rescue, and can be rescued, shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison.
   第四百二十九条 【拒不救援友邻部队罪】在战场上明知友邻部队处境危急请求救援,能救援而不救援,致使友邻部队遭受重大损失的,对指挥人员,处五年以下有期徒刑。
Article 430. Those who endanger national and military interests by leaving their posts without permission, fleeing the country, or defecting while outside the country during the course of performing official duties shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention.
If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years in prison. In the event of desertion by aircraft or on board vessels, or other especially serious circumstances, those involved shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
   第四百三十条 【军人叛逃罪】在履行公务期间,擅离岗位,叛逃境外或者在境外叛逃,危害国家军事利益的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
驾驶航空器、舰船叛逃的,或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 431. Those who illegally obtain military secrets by stealing, spying, or buying such secrets shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison.
Those who steal, spy, or buy military secrets for overseas institutions, organizations, or personnel, and illegally provide such secrets to them shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
   第四百三十一条 【非法获取军事秘密罪;为境外窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供军事秘密罪】以窃取、刺探、收买方法,非法获取军事秘密的,处五年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑。
为境外的机构、组织、人员窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供军事秘密的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 432. Those who leak military secrets by design or by accident in violation of laws and regulations on protecting state secrets shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention if the circumstances are serious. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison.
Those who commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph in wartime shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment.
   第四百三十二条 【故意泄露军事秘密罪;过失泄露军事秘密罪】违反保守国家秘密法规,故意或者过失泄露军事秘密,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
战时犯前款罪的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
Article 433. Those who fabricate rumors to mislead people and shake the morale of troops in wartime shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison.
Those who fabricate rumors to mislead people and shake the morale of troops in collusion with the enemy shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment. If the circumstances are especially serious, they may be sentenced to death.
   第四百三十三条 【战时造谣惑众罪】战时造谣惑众,动摇军心的,处三年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
勾结敌人造谣惑众,动摇军心的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑;情节特别严重的,可以判处死刑。
Article 434. Those who inflict injuries on themselves to eschew military duties in wartime shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison.
   第四百三十四条 【战时自伤罪】战时自伤身体,逃避军事义务的,处三年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 435. Those who desert their troops in violation of military service laws and regulations shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention if the circumstances are serious.
Those who commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph in wartime shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison.
   第四百三十五条 【逃离部队罪】违反兵役法规,逃离部队,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
战时犯前款罪的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 436. Those who violate regulations on the use of weaponry in circumstances that are so serious as to constitute accidents through negligence that result in serious injuries or deaths or that cause other serious consequences shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. If the consequences are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison.
   第四百三十六条 【武器装备肇事罪】违反武器装备使用规定,情节严重,因而发生责任事故,致人重伤、死亡或者造成其他严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 437. Those who cause serious consequences by changing the prescribed ways of using weaponry in violation of weaponry management regulations shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison.
   第四百三十七条 【擅自改变武器装备编配用途罪】违反武器装备管理规定,擅自改变武器装备的编配用途,造成严重后果的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成特别严重后果的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
Article 438. Those who steal or snatch weaponry or war materiel shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more than 10 years in prison. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
Those who steal or snatch firearms, ammunition, or explosives shall be punished in accordance with the provisions in Article 127 of this law.
   第四百三十八条 【盗窃、抢夺武器装备、军用物资罪;盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪】盗窃、抢夺武器装备或者军用物资的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物的,依照本法第一百二十七条的规定处罚。
Article 439. Those who illegally sell or transfer military weaponry shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In the event of selling or transferring large quantities of weaponry, or other especially serious circumstances, they shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death.
   第四百三十九条 【非法出卖、转让武器装备罪】非法出卖、转让军队武器装备的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑;出卖、转让大量武器装备或者有其他特别严重情节的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 440. Those who abandon weaponry in defiance of orders shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention. In the event of abandoning important weaponry or large quantities of weaponry, or other serious circumstances, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years in prison.
   第四百四十条 【遗弃武器装备罪】违抗命令,遗弃武器装备的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;遗弃重要或者大量武器装备的,或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 441. In the event of failure to promptly report loss of weaponry, or other serious circumstances, those involved shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention.
   第四百四十一条 【遗失武器装备罪】遗失武器装备,不及时报告或者有其他严重情节的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
Article 442. In the event of selling or transferring military real estate without permission in violation of relevant provisions, and if the circumstances are serious, the people directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. If the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison.
   第四百四十二条 【擅自出卖、转让军队房地产罪】违反规定,擅自出卖、转让军队房地产,情节严重的,对直接责任人员,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 443. Those who abuse their powers and maltreat their subordinates in vicious circumstances that result in serious injuries or give rise to other serious consequences shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention. If deaths result, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years in prison.
   第四百四十三条 【虐待部属罪】滥用职权,虐待部属,情节恶劣,致人重伤或者造成其他严重后果的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;致人死亡的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 444. Persons directly responsible for the intentional abandonment of injured or sick servicemen on battlefields, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison.
   第四百四十四条 【遗弃伤病军人罪】在战场上故意遗弃伤病军人,情节恶劣的,对直接责任人员,处五年以下有期徒刑。
Article 445. Those working in medical aid or medical treatment positions during wartime who refuse to save or treat seriously injured or critically sick servicemen when conditions permit them to do so are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. If the case results in serious disability, death, or other grave consequences of the injured or sick servicemen, those responsible are to be sentenced to five to 10 years in prison.
   第四百四十五条 【战时拒不救治伤病军人罪】战时在救护治疗职位上,有条件救治而拒不救治危重伤病军人的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;造成伤病军人重残、死亡或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
Article 446. Those cruelly injuring innocent residents or looting innocent residents' money or other property on military action areas are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison. If the case if serious, they are to be sentenced to five to 10 years in prison. If the case is extraordinarily serious, they are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in prison, given a life sentence, or sentenced to death.
   第四百四十六条 【战时残害居民、掠夺居民财物罪】战时在军事行动地区,残害无辜居民或者掠夺无辜居民财物的,处五年以下有期徒刑;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑;情节特别严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
Article 447. Those releasing prisoners of war without authorization are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison. Those releasing important prisoners of war or many prisoners of war, or those involved in other serious cases, are to be sentenced to five years or more in prison.
   第四百四十七条 【私放俘虏罪】私放俘虏的,处五年以下有期徒刑;私放重要俘虏、私放俘虏多人或者有其他严重情节的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Article 448. Those mistreating prisoners of war, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison.
   第四百四十八条 【虐待俘虏罪】虐待俘虏,情节恶劣的,处三年以下有期徒刑。
Article 449. During wartime, convicted servicemen who are sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, who pose no practical dangers, and whose sentence is suspended, are allowed to redeem themselves by good service. If they prove to have done meritorious service, their original sentence may be rescinded and they may not be considered to have committed a crime.
   第四百四十九条 【战时缓刑】在战时,对被判处三年以下有期徒刑没有现实危险宣告缓刑的犯罪军人,允许其戴罪立功,确有立功表现时,可以撤销原判刑罚,不以犯罪论处。
Article 450. This chapter applies to active duty military officers, civilian cadres, soldiers, and cadets with military status of the Chinese People's Liberation Army [PLA]; active duty military officers, civilian cadres, soldiers, and cadets with military status in the Chinese People's Armed Police; and personnel of the reserve force and other personnel carrying out military tasks.
   第四百五十条 【本章适用的主体范围】本章适用于中国人民解放军的现役军官、文职干部、士兵及具有军籍的学员和中国人民武装警察部队的现役警官、文职干部、士兵及具有军籍的学员以及执行军事任务的预备役人员和其他人员。
Article 451. Wartime as mentioned in this chapter refers to the time after the state has declared the state of war, troops have been assigned with combat missions, or when the country is suddenly attacked by enemy.
The time during which troops carry out marshal law missions or handle emergency violence is considered wartime.
   第四百五十一条 【战时的概念】本章所称战时,是指国家宣布进入战争状态、部队受领作战任务或者遭敌突然袭击时。
部队执行戒严任务或者处置突发性暴力事件时,以战时论。

Supplementary Articles
 

附则


Article 452. This law will go into effect as of October 1, 1997.
Regulations, supplementary provisions, and decisions made by the National People's Congress Standing Committee that are listed in appendix one of this law have either been included in this law or are no longer applicable; therefore they are to be nullified as of the date when this law goes into effect.
Supplementary provisions and decisions made by the National People's Congress Standing Committee that are listed in appendix two of this law are to be retained. Among them, provisions governing administrative punishment and measures continue to be effective; provisions governing criminal liability have been included in this law and therefore provisions in this law will apply as of the date when this law goes into effect.

   第四百五十二条 【生效日期】本法自1997年10月1日起施行。
列于本法附件一的全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的条例、补充规定和决定,已纳入本法或者已不适用,自本法施行之日起,予以废止。
列于本法附件二的全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的补充规定和决定予以保留。其中,有关行政处罚和行政措施的规定继续有效;有关刑事责任的规定已纳入本法,自本法施行之日起,适用本法规定。

Appendix I

The following regulations, supplementary provisions, and decisions, made by National People's Congress Standing Committee, have either been included in this law or are no longer applicable; therefore they are to be nullified as of the date when this law goes into effect

 附件一


全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的下列条例、补充规定和决定,已纳入本法或者已不适用,自本法施行之日起,予以废止:

1. PRC Provisional Regulations on Punishing Military Personnel for Violation of Duty;
 1.中华人民共和国惩治军人违反职责罪暂行条例
2. Decision on Severely Punishing Criminals Seriously Undermining the Economy;
 2.关于严惩严重破坏经济的罪犯的决定
3. Decision on Severely Punishing Criminal Elements Seriously Compromising Social Order;
 3.关于严惩严重危害社会治安的犯罪分子的决定
4. Supplementary Provisions on Cracking Down on the Crime of Smuggling;
 4.关于惩治走私罪的补充规定
5. Supplementary Provisions on Cracking Down on the Crime of Corruption or Bribery;
 5.关于惩治贪污罪贿赂罪的补充规定
6. Supplementary Provisions on Cracking Down on the Crime of Letting Out State Secrets;
 6.关于惩治泄露国家秘密犯罪的补充规定
7. Supplementary Provisions on Cracking Down on the Crime of Killing Rare and Endangered Wildlife That Are Selectively Under the State's Protection;
 7.关于惩治捕杀国家重点保护的珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的补充规定
8. Decision on Cracking Down on the Crime of Insulting the PRC National Flag or Emblem;
 8.关于惩治侮辱中华人民共和国国旗国徽罪的决定
9. Supplementary Provisions on Cracking Down on the Crime of Robbing Ancient Cultural Ruins or Ancient Tombs;
 9.关于惩治盗掘古文化遗址古墓葬犯罪的补充规定
10. Decision on Punishing Criminal Elements Hijacking Aviation Vehicles;
 10.关于惩治劫持航空器犯罪分子的决定
11. Supplementary Provisions on Cracking Down on the Crime of Counterfeiting Registered Trade Marks;
 11.关于惩治假冒注册商标犯罪的补充规定
12. Decision on Cracking Down on the Crime of Producing or Selling Counterfeit or Inferior Commodities;
 12.关于惩治生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪的决定
13. Decision on Cracking Down on the Crime of Infringing on Copyright;
 13.关于惩治侵犯著作权的犯罪的决定
14. Decision on Cracking Down on the Crime of Violating the Company Law;
 14.关于惩治违反公司法的犯罪的决定
15. Decision on Handling Escaped Criminals Under Reform Through Labor or People Under Education Through Labor, or Those Who Commit Crimes Again.
 15.关于处理逃跑或者重新犯罪的劳改犯和劳教人员的决定

Appendix II
The following supplementary provisions and decisions, made by the National People's Congress Standing Committee, are to be retained. Among them, provisions governing administrative punishment and measures continue to be effective; provisions governing criminal liability have been included in this law and therefore provisions in this law will apply as of the date when this law goes into effect.
 

附件二


全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的下列补充规定和决定予以保留,其中,有关行政处罚和行政措施的规定继续有效;有关刑事责任的规定已纳入本法,自本法施行之日起,适用本法规定:

1. Decision on Prohibiting Drugs;
 1.关于禁毒的决定
2. Decision on Punishing Criminal Elements Committing Smuggling, Producing, Selling, or Disseminating Obscene Materials;
 2.关于惩治走私、制作、贩卖、传播淫秽物品的犯罪分子的决定
3. Decision on Punishing Criminal Elements Committing Abduction and Selling or Kidnapping of Women or Children;
 3.关于严惩拐卖、绑架妇女、儿童的犯罪分子的决定
4. Decision on Strictly Prohibiting Prostitution and Whorehouse Visiting;
 4.关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定
5. Supplementary Provisions on Cracking Down on the Crime of Evading Taxes or Refusing to Pay Taxes;
 5.关于惩治偷税、抗税犯罪的补充规定
6. Supplementary Provisions on Severely Cracking Down on the Crime of Organizing People to Illegally Cross National Borders (Frontiers) or of Illegally Shipping People Across National Borders (Frontiers);
 6.关于严惩组织、运送他人偷越国(边)境犯罪的补充规定
7. Decision on Cracking Down on the Crime of Undermining the Financial Order;
 7.关于惩治破坏金融秩序犯罪的决定
8. Decision on Cracking Down on the Crime of the Fraudulent Issuance of, Forging, or Illegally Selling Invoices Exclusively for Value-Added Taxes.

 8.关于惩治虚开、伪造和非法出售增值税专用发票犯罪的决定

     
     
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