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Several Opinions of the State Council on Speeding up the Development of Circular Economy
[Effective]
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国务院关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见
[现行有效]
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【法宝引证码】
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Several Opinions of the State Council on Speeding up the Development of Circular Economy
(No.22 [2005] of the State Council)
The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, all the ministries and commissions of the State Council, and all the institutions directly under the State Council,
Since the reform and opening-up, China has made positive achievements in boosting resource saving and comprehensive utilization and promoting clean production. However, there is no fundamental change on the traditional extensive way of economic growth, which is of high energy consumption, high discharge and low efficiency, the resource utilization efficiency is very low and environment pollution is serious. Meanwhile, there are such problems as imperfect regulations and policies, unsound systems and mechanisms, and the lagging behind of relevant technical development. In the first 20 years of this century, China will be in a stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, and will face very severe resource and environment situation. In order to grasp the important strategic opportunities, and realize the strategic objective for building an overall well-off society, we shall make great efforts to develop circular economy, and shall, in light of the principle of “reduce, reuse and recycle”, take various effective measures to obtain maximum economic output and minimum waste discharge by minimizing resource consumption and environment cost, so as to realize the consistency of economy, environment and social benefit, and build a resource saving and environmentally-friendly society. Therefore, we bring forward the following opinions.
| | 国务院关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见
（国发[2005]22号）
各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构：
改革开放以来，我国在推动资源节约和综合利用，推行清洁生产方面，取得了积极成效。但是，传统的高消耗、高排放、低效率的粗放型增长方式仍未根本转变，资源利用率低，环境污染严重。同时，存在法规、政策不完善，体制、机制不健全，相关技术开发滞后等问题。本世纪头20年，我国将处于工业化和城镇化加速发展阶段，面临的资源和环境形势十分严峻。为抓住重要战略机遇期，实现全面建设小康社会的战略目标，必须大力发展循环经济，按照“减量化、再利用、资源化”原则，采取各种有效措施，以尽可能少的资源消耗和尽可能小的环境代价，取得最大的经济产出和最少的废物排放，实现经济、环境和社会效益相统一，建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会。为此，提出如下意见。
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I. Guidelines, Basic Principles and Main Objectives for Developing Circular Economy
| | 一、发展循环经济的指导思想、基本原则和主要目标
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1.Guidelines. We shall, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of “Three Represents”, establish and implement the scientific view of development, and shall, targeting improving resource productivity and reducing waste discharge, and taking technological innovation and systemic innovation as the motivity, enhance the consciousness of resource saving and environmental protection, strengthen construction of legal systems, improve policies and measures, and bring into play the role of market mechanism, so as to promote the growth of circular economy.
| | （一）指导思想。以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，树立和落实科学发展观，以提高资源生产率和减少废物排放为目标，以技术创新和制度创新为动力，强化节约资源和保护环境意识，加强法制建设，完善政策措施，发挥市场机制作用，促进循环经济发展。
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2. Basic Principles. We shall stick to taking a new pathway of industrialization, and form a way of production and consumption conducive to resource saving and environment protection; we shall continue to promote the adjustment of economic structure, accelerate technical progress, strengthen supervision and administration, and improve resource utilization efficiency, as well as reduce waste production and discharge; we shall enable the enterprises to become main players, combine government adjustment and control, market guidance and public participation, so as to build a policy system and social atmosphere conducive to boosting the growth of circular economy.
| | （二）基本原则。坚持走新型工业化道路，形成有利于节约资源、保护环境的生产方式和消费方式；坚持推进经济结构调整，加快技术进步，加强监督管理，提高资源利用效率，减少废物的产生和排放；坚持以企业为主体，政府调控、市场引导、公众参与相结合，形成有利于促进循环经济发展的政策体系和社会氛围。
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3. Development Objectives. We shall make efforts to establish a more perfect system of laws and regulations, policy support system, institutional and technological innovation system and stimulus and binding mechanism on the growth of circular economy in 2010. We shall greatly improve resource utilization efficiency, greatly reduce the wastes for final disposal in volume, and establish a large batch of typical enterprises complying with the requirements for the growth of circular economy. We shall promote green consumption, improve the system of recycling and reusing of renewable resources. We shall build a batch of industrial (agricultural) parks and zones and resource-saving and environmentally-friendly cities that comply with the requirements for the growth of circular economy.
| | （三）发展目标。力争到2010年建立比较完善的发展循环经济法律法规体系、政策支持体系、体制与技术创新体系和激励约束机制。资源利用效率大幅度提高，废物最终处置量明显减少，建成大批符合循环经济发展要求的典型企业。推进绿色消费，完善再生资源回收利用体系。建设一批符合循环经济发展要求的工业（农业）园区和资源节约型、环境友好型城市。
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4. Major Indicators. We shall make efforts to have the GDP from the output per ton of such 15 kinds of important resources improved by 25% compared with that in 2003, including energy, iron ore, non-ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals mine, and etc., and the energy consumption of GDP per 10 thousand Yuan shall be reduced by more than 18%. The average effective utilization coefficient of agricultural irrigation water shall be improved to 0.5, and the quantity of water intake of industrial added value per 10 thousand Yuan is reduced to 120 cubic meters. The total recycling rate of mineral resources and the rate of comprehensive utilization of coexisting minerals shall be improved to 5 percent respectively. The rate of comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste shall be improved to more than 60%; the proportion of renewable copper, aluminum and lead reaches to 35%, 25% and 30% respectively, and the recycling and reusing of major renewable resources shall be improved to more than 65%. The stacking and disposal of industrial solid waste under control shall be around 0.45 billion tons; and the increasing rate of urban garbage under control shall be around 5%.
(The said relevant indicators shall be adjusted correspondingly according to the Eleventh Five-Year Plan)
| | （四）主要指标。力争到2010年，我国消耗每吨能源、铁矿石、有色金属、非金属矿等十五种重要资源产出的GDP比2003年提高25％左右；每万元GDP能耗下降18％以上。农业灌溉水平均有效利用系数提高到0.5，每万元工业增加值取水量下降到120立方米。矿产资源总回收率和共伴生矿综合利用率分别提高5个百分点。工业固体废物综合利用率提高到60%以上；再生铜、铝、铅占产量的比重分别达到35%、25%、30%，主要再生资源回收利用量提高65％以上。工业固体废物堆存和处置量控制在4.5亿吨左右；城市生活垃圾增长率控制在5%左右。
（注：上述有关指标将根据“十一五”规划作相应调整）
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II. Major Work and Key Links for the Growth of Circular Economy
| | 二、发展循环经济的重点工作和重点环节
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5. Major Work. Firstly, we shall make great efforts to promote saving and reduce consumption, we shall save resources in production, construction, circulation, consumption and other various fields to reduce the consumption of natural resources. Secondly, we shall promote overall clean production and reduce waste generation from the source, so as to realize the transition from end-of-pipe control to pollution control and production process control. Thirdly, we shall make great efforts to carry out comprehensive utilization of resources, and realize the recycling of wastes and the recycling and reusing of renewable resources to the maximum extent. Fourthly, we shall make great efforts to develop environment protection industries, lay emphasis on developing technology and equipment of “reduce, reuse and recycle”, so as to provide technical safeguard for high efficient resource utilization, recycling and reusing and reducing waste discharge.
| | （五）重点工作。一是大力推进节约降耗，在生产、建设、流通和消费各领域节约资源，减少自然资源的消耗。二是全面推行清洁生产，从源头减少废物的产生，实现由末端治理向污染预防和生产全过程控制转变。三是大力开展资源综合利用，最大程度实现废物资源化和再生资源回收利用。四是大力发展环保产业，注重开发减量化、再利用和资源化技术与装备，为资源高效利用、循环利用和减少废物排放提供技术保障。
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6. Key Links. Firstly, we shall plan the development of mineral resources as a whole in the link of resource development, popularize advanced and applicable mining technology, technique and equipment, improve the mining recovery rate, and the extraction ration in ore dressing and smelting, and make great efforts to promote the comprehensive utilization of tailings and mullocks, so as to greatly increase the rate of comprehensive recycling and re-utilization of resources. Secondly, we shall strengthen management on the consumption of energy, raw materials, water, and other resources in the link of resource consumption in such key sectors as metallurgy, non-ferrous metals, electric power, coal, petrol-chemical, chemical, construction materials (construction), light industry, textile and agriculture, and etc., and make great efforts to reduce consumption and improve resource utilization rate. Thirdly, we shall strengthen pollution control and process control in the link of waste generation, promote the reasonable extension of industrial chains in different sectors, strengthen recycling and reusing on various kinds of waste, and promote the “zero emission” of enterprise waste; we shall speed up the construction of reclaimed water utilization facilities and the reducing and recycling and reusing of urban garbage and sludge, so as to reduce final disposal of waste in volume. Fourthly, we shall make great efforts to recycle and reuse various waste resources in the link of recycled resource generation, and support the reproducing of waste electro-mechanical products; we shall establish the system of separate waste collection and sorting, and perfect incessantly the system of recycling and reusing of renewable resources. Fifthly, we shall advocate greatly ways of consumption that are conducive to saving energy and protecting environment in the consumption link, encourage using products with energy efficiency label, certified products of energy saving and water saving and green label products, green food and organic food, reduce the over-packaging of products for sales and the use of once-off products. The government institutions shall implement green procurement.
| | （六）重点环节。一是资源开采环节要统筹规划矿产资源开发，推广先进适用的开采技术、工艺和设备，提高采矿回采率、选矿和冶炼回收率，大力推进尾矿、废石综合利用，大力提高资源综合回收利用率。二是资源消耗环节要加强对冶金、有色、电力、煤炭、石化、化工、建材（筑）、轻工、纺织、农业等重点行业能源、原材料、水等资源消耗管理，努力降低消耗，提高资源利用率。三是废物产生环节要强化污染预防和全过程控制，推动不同行业合理延长产业链，加强对各类废物的循环利用，推进企业废物“零排放”；加快再生水利用设施建设以及城市垃圾、污泥减量化和资源化利用，降低废物最终处置量。四是再生资源产生环节要大力回收和循环利用各种废旧资源，支持废旧机电产品再制造；建立垃圾分类收集和分选系统，不断完善再生资源回收利用体系。五是消费环节要大力倡导有利于节约资源和保护环境的消费方式，鼓励使用能效标识产品、节能节水认证产品和环境标志产品、绿色标志食品和有机标志食品，减少过度包装和一次性用品的使用。政府机构要实行绿色采购。
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III. Strengthening Macro-control over the Growth of Circular Economy
| | 三、加强对循环经济发展的宏观指导
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7.The growth of circular economy shall be regarded as the important guideline for compiling relevant schemes. Governments at all levels and the relevant departments concerned shall compile the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the various regional plans, municipal overall plans and the special plans for the sustainable utilization of mineral resources, energy efficiency, water saving and comprehensive utilization of resources and etc. under the guidance of the theory of circular economy, and make analysis on resource consumption, saving, recycling and reusing, waste emission and environmental status, and clarify the target, emphasis and policies and measures.
| | （七）把发展循环经济作为编制有关规划的重要指导原则。各级政府及有关部门要用循环经济理念指导编制“十一五”规划和各类区域规划、城市总体规划，以及矿产资源可持续利用、节能、节水、资源综合利用等专项规划，对资源消耗、节约、循环利用、废物排放和环境状况作出分析，明确目标、重点和政策措施。
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8.The evaluation indicators system of circular economy (EISCE) and statistical accounting system shall be established. The National Development and Reform Commission shall, together with the National Bureau of Statistics, State Administration of Environmental Protection and other relevant departments, accelerate the research on establishing evaluation indicators system of circular economy, and have it brought into the national economic and social development plan, and establish statistical accounting system of circular economy. The relevant departments of the local people's governments at all levels shall positively carry out statistical accounting on circular economy, and strengthen analysis on major indicators of circular economy.
．．．．．． | | （八）建立循环经济评价指标体系和统计核算制度。发展改革委要会同统计局、环保总局等有关部门加快研究建立循环经济评价指标体系，逐步纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，并建立循环经济的统计核算制度。地方各级人民政府有关部门要积极开展循环经济的统计核算，加强对循环经济主要指标的分析。
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