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Organic Law of the Villagers' Committees of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法 |
| (Adopted at the 5th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on November 4, 1998; amended at the 17th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on October 28, 2010; amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision to Amend the Organic Law of the Villagers Committees of the People's Republic of China and the Organic Law of the Urban Residents Committees of the People's Republic of China adopted at the Seventh Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on December 29, 2018; and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to Amend the Organic Law of the Villagers' Committees of the People's Republic of China adopted at 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress on October 28, 2025) | | （1998年11月4日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过 2010年10月28日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议修订 根据2018年12月29日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法〉〈中华人民共和国城市居民委员会组织法〉的决定》第一次修正 根据2025年10月28日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法〉的决定》第二次修正） |
| Contents | | 目 录 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Chapter II Composition and Duties of the Villagers' Committees | | 第二章 村民委员会的组成和职责 |
| Chapter III Election of the Villagers' Committees | | 第三章 村民委员会的选举 |
| Chapter IV Villagers' Assembly and Villagers' Representatives assembly | | 第四章 村民会议和村民代表会议 |
| Chapter V Democratic Management and Democratic Supervision | | 第五章 民主管理和民主监督 |
| Chapter VI Support for the Work of Villagers' Committees | | 第六章 村民委员会工作的保障 |
| Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions | | 第七章 附 则 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted according to the Constitution to improve the system of primary-level self-government, enable villagers to manage their own affairs well by law, develop primary-level democracy, protect the legitimate rights and interests of villagers, promote all-around rural revitalization, and modernize the primary-level system and capacity for governance. | | 第一条 为了健全基层群众自治制度，由村民依法办理自己的事情，发展基层民主，维护村民的合法权益，促进乡村全面振兴，推进基层治理体系和治理能力现代化，根据宪法，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 A villagers' committee is a primary-level self-government organization in which villagers manage, serve, educate, and oversee themselves, featuring democratic election, consultation, decision-making, management, and supervision. | | 第二条 村民委员会是村民自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督的基层群众性自治组织，实行民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。 |
| A villagers' committee shall manage the public affairs and public welfare undertakings of the village, mediate disputes among villagers, help maintain the public order, and convey villagers' opinions and demands and make suggestions to the people's government. | | 村民委员会办理本村的公共事务和公益事业，调解民间纠纷，协助维护社会治安，向人民政府反映村民的意见、要求和提出建议。 |
| A villagers' committee shall be responsible and report to the villagers' assembly or the villagers' representatives' assembly. | | 村民委员会向村民会议、村民代表会议负责并报告工作。 |
| Article 3 Villagers' committees shall be established in light of the residential distribution and population size of villagers and on the principle of facilitating villager self-government, economic development and primary-level management. | | 第三条 村民委员会根据村民居住状况、人口多少，按照便于村民自治，有利于经济发展和基层治理的原则设立。 |
| The establishment or dissolution of a villagers' committee or a readjustment in the area governed by it shall be proposed by the people's government of a township, a minority ethnic township or a town and submitted to the people's government at the county level for approval after it is discussed and approved by the villagers' assembly. | | 村民委员会的设立、撤销、范围调整，由乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府提出，经村民会议讨论同意，报县级人民政府批准。 |
| A villagers committee may, on the basis of the residential distribution of villagers and the collective ownership relationships of land, establish a number of villagers' groups. | | 村民委员会可以根据村民居住状况、集体土地所有权关系等分设若干村民小组。 |
| Article 4 A villagers' committee shall work under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, uphold and develop whole-process people's democracy, and integrate self-government, rule of law, and rule of virtue. | | 第四条 村民委员会工作坚持中国共产党的领导，坚持和发展全过程人民民主，坚持自治、法治、德治相结合。 |
| A rural primary-level Party organization works in accordance with the Party Constitution, leads and supports villagers' committees' exercise of functions and powers, and, under the Constitution and the law, supports and safeguards villagers' self-government activities and direct exercise of their democratic rights. | | 中国共产党在农村的基层组织，按照中国共产党章程进行工作，领导和支持村民委员会行使职权；依照宪法和法律，支持和保障村民开展自治活动、直接行使民主权利。 |
| Article 5 Central and local primary-level self-government guidance and supervision departments are responsible for guiding and supervising work on rural primary-level self-government. | | 第五条 中央和地方基层群众自治指导监督部门负责指导和监督农村基层群众自治工作。 |
| Article 6 The people's government of a township, a minority ethnic township or a town shall guide, support and help villagers' committees in their work, but may not interfere with the affairs that lawfully fall within the scope of self-government by villagers. | | 第六条 乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府对村民委员会的工作给予指导、支持和帮助，但是不得干预依法属于村民自治范围内的事项。 |
| Villagers' committees shall assist the work of the people's governments of the townships, minority ethnic townships and towns. | | 村民委员会协助乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府开展工作。 |
| Article 7 Organizations and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the work on villagers' self-government are commended and rewarded according to relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 第七条 对在村民自治工作中做出突出贡献的组织和个人，按照国家有关规定给予表彰、奖励。 |
| Chapter II Composition and Duties of Villagers' Committees | | 第二章 村民委员会的组成和职责 |
| Article 8 A villagers' committee is composed of 3 to 7 members, including a chairman, vice-chairman (vice-chairmen) and members. | | 第八条 村民委员会由主任、副主任和委员共三至七人组成。 |
| Female membership is required in a villagers' committee. A villagers' committee member is subject to disqualification arising from a close family relationship. | | 村民委员会成员中，应当有妇女成员。村民委员会成员实行近亲属回避。 |
| The post of chairman of a villagers' committee may be held by the head of a village Party organization through legal procedures. The villagers' committee and the leadership of the village Party organization may share members. | | 村民委员会主任可以由村党组织负责人通过法定程序担任。村民委员会成员和村党组织领导班子成员可以交叉任职。 |
| Article 9 A villagers' committee may, when necessary, establish sub-committees on people's mediation, public security, public health, human settlement environment, and the elderly, women, and children's affairs, among others. The members of the villagers' committee may concurrently serve as members of any sub-committee. The villagers' committee in a village with a small population may charge its members respectively with the relevant work instead of establishing sub-committees. | | 第九条 村民委员会根据需要设人民调解、治安保卫、公共卫生、人居环境、老年人和妇女儿童工作等委员会。村民委员会成员可以兼任下属委员会的成员。人口少的村的村民委员会可以不设下属委员会，由村民委员会成员分工负责有关工作。 |
| Article 10 Villagers' committees shall encourage and organize villagers to develop various forms of cooperative economies and other economies, serve and coordinate the production of their villages, and promote the production, construction and economic development in rural areas. | | 第十条 村民委员会应当支持和组织村民依法发展各种形式的合作经济和其他经济，承担本村生产的服务和协调工作，促进农村生产建设和经济发展。 |
| A villagers' committee shall, in accordance with laws and regulations, guide villagers in rationally using natural resources, protecting and improving the ecological environment, and promoting the development of beautiful countryside. | | 村民委员会依照法律规定，引导村民合理利用自然资源，保护和改善生态环境，推进美丽乡村建设。 |
| A villagers' committee shall respect and support the exercise of the right of rural collective economic organizations to conduct economic activities independently in accordance with the law, safeguard the two-tier operating system based on households' conventional usufructs for agricultural operations combining centralization with decentralization, and protect the property rights and other lawful rights and interests of rural collective economic organizations, villagers, households with conventional usufructs for agricultural operations, joint households, or partnerships. Where a rural collective economic organization has not been established, the villagers' committee or villagers' group may, in accordance with the law, perform the functions of the rural collective economic organization on its behalf. | | 村民委员会应当尊重并支持农村集体经济组织依法独立进行经济活动的自主权，维护以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，保障农村集体经济组织和村民、承包经营户、联户或者合伙的财产权和其他合法权益。未设立农村集体经济组织的，村民委员会、村民小组可以依法代行农村集体经济组织的职能。 |
| Article 11 A villagers' committee shall publicize the Constitution, laws, regulations and Party and state policies, provide support for and propel villagers to fulfill their obligations as prescribed by law, safeguard their lawful rights and interests, support and guide them in practicing the core socialist values, forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, develop culture and education, popularize science and technology, promote gender equality and family harmony, care for the elderly, left-behind children, persons with disabilities, and villagers in need, enhance solidarity and mutual assistance, change outdated customs, and foster rural social etiquette and civility. | | 第十一条 村民委员会应当宣传宪法、法律、法规，宣传党和国家的政策，支持和推动村民履行法律规定的义务，维护村民的合法权益，支持和引导村民践行社会主义核心价值观，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，发展文化教育，普及科技知识，促进男女平等和家庭和睦，关心关爱老年人、留守儿童、残疾人和困难村民，增强团结互助，推进移风易俗，培育文明乡风。 |
| A villagers' committee shall assist in organizing villagers' participation in crime prevention and control, assist in handling public complaints and in resolving conflicts, assist in community corrections and in helping and educating ex-convicts, and assist in effectively responding to emergencies. | | 村民委员会应当协助组织村民参与群防群治，协助处理信访事项和协调化解矛盾纠纷，协助做好社区矫正工作和刑满释放人员帮教工作，协助做好突发事件应对工作。 |
| A villagers' committee shall support and guide the participation of social organizations, social workers, volunteers and other social forces in rural governance and services. | | 村民委员会应当支持和引导社会组织、社会工作者、志愿者等社会力量参与乡村治理和服务。 |
| In villages inhabited by multiple ethnic groups, the villagers' committee shall support and guide all ethnic villagers in enhancing unity, mutual respect, and mutual assistance. | | 多民族村民居住的村，村民委员会应当支持和引导各民族村民增进团结、互相尊重、互相帮助。 |
| Article 12 A villagers' committee and its members shall observe the Constitution, laws, regulations and Party and state policies, abide by the villagers' charter of self-government as well as village regulations and folk constitutions and organize the implementation thereof, and execute the decisions or resolutions of the villagers' assembly or villagers' representatives' assembly. They shall be impartial in handling affairs, honest in performing duties, warmhearted in serving villagers and subject to the supervision of villagers. | | 第十二条 村民委员会及其成员应当遵守宪法、法律、法规，遵守党和国家的政策，遵守并组织实施村民自治章程、村规民约，执行村民会议、村民代表会议的决定、决议，办事公道，廉洁奉公，热心为村民服务，接受村民监督。 |
| Article 13 A villagers' committee is a primary-level self-government organization with the status of a legal person, whose chairman is its legal representative. The villagers' committee may engage in civil activities necessary for the performance of their functions, but may not grant security. | | 第十三条 村民委员会具有基层群众性自治组织法人资格，村民委员会主任为法定代表人。村民委员会可以从事为履行职能所需要的民事活动，但是不得提供担保。 |
| Chapter III Election of Villagers' Committees | | 第三章 村民委员会的选举 |
| Article 14 The chairman, vice-chairman (vice-chairmen) and members of a villagers' committee shall be directly elected by villagers. No organization or individual may designate, appoint or replace any member of a villagers' committee. | | 第十四条 村民委员会主任、副主任和委员，由村民直接选举产生。任何组织或者个人不得指定、委派或者撤换村民委员会成员。 |
| The term of office for a villagers committee is five years, and a new committee shall be elected at the expiration of the five years without delay. Members of a villagers committee may continue to hold office when reelected. | | 村民委员会每届任期五年，届满应当及时举行换届选举。村民委员会成员可以连选连任。 |
| Article 15 Election of a villagers' committee shall be organized by a villagers' electoral committee. | | 第十五条 村民委员会的选举，由村民选举委员会主持。 |
| A villagers' electoral committee is composed of a chairman and members who shall be elected at the villagers' assembly, the villagers' representatives' assembly or the villagers' group assembly. | | 村民选举委员会由主任、副主任和委员组成，由村民会议、村民代表会议或者各村民小组会议推选产生。 |
| A villagers' electoral committee is composed of a chairman, vice chairman (vice-chairmen) and members who shall be elected at the villagers' assembly, the villagers' representatives' assembly or the villagers' group assembly. | | 村民选举委员会成员或者其近亲属被提名为村民委员会成员候选人的，应当退出村民选举委员会。 |
| A member of the villagers' electoral committee or his or her close relative shall withdraw from the electoral committee if he or she is nominated as a candidate for a member of the villagers' committee. | | 村民选举委员会成员退出村民选举委员会或者因其他原因出缺的，按照原推选结果依次递补，也可以另行推选。 |
| Article 16 Any villager who has attained to the age of 18 shall have the right to elect and stand for election, regardless of his/her ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property and time of residence, with the exception of those who have been deprived of political rights in accordance with law. | | 第十六条 年满十八周岁的村民，不分民族、种族、性别、职业、家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况、居住期限，都有选举权和被选举权；但是，依照法律被剥夺政治权利的人除外。 |
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