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| Four Representative Retrial Cases regarding Protection of Property Rights of Private Enterprises and Rights and Interests of Private Entrepreneurs Issued by the Supreme People's Court | | 最高法发布4个涉民营企业产权和民营企业家权益保护再审典型案例 |
| (November 5, 2025) | | （2025年11月5日） |
| Correcting wrongly decided case involving enterprise property rights in accordance with the law is an important content of safeguarding the rights and interests of private enterprises and private entrepreneurs. On February 17, 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at a symposium on private enterprises that "the lawful rights and interests of private enterprises and private entrepreneurs shall be effectively safeguarded in accordance with the law." The Private Sector Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China that came into effect on May 20, 2025 provides that the private sector shall be equally protected in accordance with the law. The Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development as deliberated and adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee on October 23 put forward "strengthening the law enforcement and judicial protection of property rights." The people's courts have thoroughly implemented the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, remained committed to and implemented the principle of "working unswervingly to consolidate and develop the public sector and encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector," maximized their judicial supervision functions, conducted retrials in accordance with the law to correct wrongly decided cases involving enterprise property rights, and better played the role of the rule of law in consolidating foundations, stabilizing expectations, and delivering long-term benefits. | | 依法再审纠正涉企产权冤错案件是保护民营企业和民营企业家权益的重要内容。今年2月17日，习近平总书记在出席民营企业座谈会时强调“切实依法保护民营企业和民营企业家合法权益”。5月20日施行的民营经济促进法规定要依法平等保护民营经济。10月23日，党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出“强化产权执法司法保护”。人民法院深入贯彻党中央决策部署，坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，充分发挥审判监督职能作用，依法再审纠正涉企产权冤错案件，更好发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用。 |
| "One case outmatches a sheaf of files."For the purpose of further providing guidelines and specifications for safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of private enterprises and private entrepreneurs, the Supreme People's Court ("SPC") today issued four representative retrial cases involving safeguarding the rights and interests of private enterprises and private entrepreneurs, including three criminal cases and one civil case. | | “一个案例胜过一打文件”。为进一步对保护民营企业和民营企业家合法权益提供指引和规范，最高人民法院今日发布4个涉民营企业和民营企业家权益保护再审典型案例，包括3个刑事、1个民事案例。 |
| The representative cases issued this time have the following characteristics: First, remaining committed to the principle of legality. In the case where Xie [REDACTED] and two others who were acquitted upon retrial for falsely declaring registered capital, privately distributing state-owned assets, offering bribes, and seizing assets by taking advantage of one's position, there was a significant adjustment to the capital registration system in the Company Law during the period of trial of second instance. The parties' failure in paid-in registered capital did not violate the provisions of the amended Company Law and they no longer needed to bear criminal liabilities. The people's court strictly adhered to the standards for determining a criminal offense, accurately delimiting the boundary between crime and non-crime, and retried and adjudicated this case in accordance with the law, effectively safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of a private enterprise and the private entrepreneurs. Second, remaining committed to the modesty principle of the Criminal Law. The case where Ye [REDACTED] was acquitted upon retrial for a contract fraud and the case where Dou [REDACTED] was acquitted upon retrial for seizing assets by taking advantage of his position, embezzling funds, and concealing accounting documents and accounting books were caused by contract disputes. However, the evidence on file may not confirm that the parties had the intent to illegally possess the funds or that there were criminal facts such as seizure of assets by taking advantage of one's position or embezzlement of funds. The people's courts remained committed to the modesty principle of the Criminal Law and accurately distinguished economic disputes from economic crimes, which were conducive to demonstrating the final safeguarding role of the Criminal Law and preventing and correcting the use of criminal means to interfere in economic disputes. Third, remaining committed to the principle of equal protection under the law. In the retrial case of dispute over a sales contract (Shi [REDACTED] and Wang [REDACTED] v. [REDACTED] Mining Company and [REDACTED] United Group, the people's court remained committed to the principle of equal legal status of private and state-owned enterprises, fully demonstrated the people's courts' equal protection of various market participants in accordance with the law, and provided high-quality judicial services for building a unified national market and contributing to the building of a business environment under the rule of law. | | 本次发布的典型案例，具有以下几方面特点：一是坚持罪刑法定原则。谢某等三人虚报注册资本、私分国有资产、行贿、职务侵占再审部分改判无罪案中，原二审期间公司法已对资本注册制度作出了重大调整，当事人没有实缴注册资本的行为未违反修正后公司法的规定，不再需要承担刑事责任。人民法院严格把握刑事犯罪的认定标准，准确划定罪与非罪界限，对此案依法再审裁判，切实维护了民营企业和民营企业家合法权益。二是坚持刑法谦抑性原则。叶某某合同诈骗再审改判无罪案，窦某某职务侵占、挪用资金、隐匿会计凭证、会计账簿再审改判无罪案均由合同纠纷引发，但在案证据并不能证实当事人具有非法占有目的或者存在侵占、挪用等犯罪事实。人民法院坚守刑法谦抑性原则，准确区分经济纠纷与经济犯罪，有利于体现刑法最后的保障作用，防止和纠正利用刑事手段干预经济纠纷。三是坚持依法平等保护原则。史某某、王某某诉某矿业公司、某联合集团企业出售合同纠纷再审案，坚持民营企业和国有企业法律地位平等，充分体现人民法院对各类市场主体的依法平等保护，为构建全国统一大市场，助力建设法治化营商环境提供了优质司法服务。 |
| The issuance of the aforesaid representative cases has fully demonstrated the principle that the people's courts have always remained committed to the principles of seeking truth from facts, correcting errors according to the law, and protecting rights and interests according to the law. In specific cases, they shall uphold the judicial philosophy of basing specific cases on facts and the law, safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of the parties involved, and maintaining social fairness and justice, and provide solid judicial service guarantees for the sustainable, sound, and high-quality development of the private sector. | | 以上典型案例的发布充分体现了人民法院始终坚持实事求是、依法纠错、依法保护的原则，对具体案件以事实为根据、以法律为准绳，维护当事人合法权益和社会公平正义的司法理念，为民营经济持续、健康、高质量发展提供坚实司法服务保障。 |
| General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "The rule of law is the best business environment. What various market participants expect most is equal legal protection. An unjust law enforcement or judicial activity can, at best, damage the rights and interests of the parties involved and at worst, bankrupt them."The issuance of this group of representative cases sends a strong signal of the rule of law, responds promptly to public concerns, and allows private enterprises and private entrepreneurs to focus on starting businesses, operate businesses free of worry, and develop businesses with confidence. At the same time, these cases provide judicial guidance for the people's courts in unifying the application of law, accurately grasping the the boundaries of relevant policies, and trying similar cases in accordance with the law, and demonstrate the people's courts' goal-oriented approach of combining correction with prevention. The people's courts shall always remain committed to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented the Xi Jinping Thought on Rule of Law, fully implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress and its subsequent plenary sessions, effectively implement the Private Sector Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China, and further promote the normalization and institutionalization of the legal identification and correction of wrongly decided cases involving enterprise property rights, so as to provide stronger judicial services and guarantees for accelerating the development of a high-level socialist market economy system. | | 习近平总书记深刻指出：“法治是最好的营商环境。各类市场主体最期盼的是平等法律保护。一次不公正的执法司法活动，对当事人而言，轻则权益受损，重则倾家荡产。”本批典型案例的发布，释放强烈法治信号，及时回应社会关切，让民营企业和民营企业家专心创业、安心经营、放心发展；同时，为人民法院统一法律适用，准确把握政策界限，依法审理同类案件提供了裁判指引，体现了人民法院纠防结合的目标导向。人民法院要始终坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平法治思想，全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，贯彻实施好民营经济促进法，进一步推动涉企产权冤错案件依法甄别纠正常态化机制化，为加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制提供更加有力的司法服务和保障。 |
| Table of Contents | | 目录 |
| Ⅰ. Acquittal of Xie [REDACTED] and Two Others upon Retrial for Falsely Declaring Registered Capital, Privately Distributing State-owned Assets, Offering Bribes, and Seizing Assets by Taking Advantage of Their Positions | | 1.谢某等三人虚报注册资本、私分国有资产、行贿、职务侵占再审部分改判无罪案 |
| Ⅱ. Acquittal of Ye [REDACTED] upon Retrial for a Contract Fraud | | 2.叶某某合同诈骗再审改判无罪案 |
| Ⅲ. Acquittal of Dou [REDACTED] upon Retrial for Seizing Assets by Taking Advantage of One's Position, Embezzling Funds, and Concealing Accounting Vouchers and Books | | 3.窦某某职务侵占、挪用资金、隐匿会计凭证、会计账簿再审改判无罪案 |
| IV. Shi [REDACTED] and Wang [REDACTED] v. [REDACTED] Mining Company and [REDACTED] United Group (Retrial Case of Dispute over an Enterprise Sales Contract) | | 4.史某某、王某某诉某矿业公司、某联合集团企业出售合同纠纷再审案 |
| Ⅰ. Acquittal of Xie [REDACTED] and Two Others upon Retrial for Falsely Declaring Registered Capital, Privately Distributing State-owned Assets, Offering Bribes, and Seizing Assets by Taking Advantage of Their Positions | | 1.谢某等三人虚报注册资本、私分国有资产、行贿、职务侵占再审部分改判无罪案 |
| Basic Facts | | 基本案情 |
| Defendant of the original trial Xie [REDACTED] was the chairman of the board and general manager of [REDACTED] Group Company, defendant of the original trial Yang [REDACTED] was the deputy general manager thereof; and defendant of the original trial Zhao [REDACTED] was the CFO thereof. In September 2004, Xie [REDACTED] and Yang [REDACTED] decided to register and establish [REDACTED] Real Estate Company. By using the loan in an amount of 8 million yuan obtained by Zhao [REDACTED] from [REDACTED] Credit Union in the name of renovation of shanty towns instigated by him, Xie [REDACTED] falsely declared that [REDACTED] Group Company invested 6 million yuan and Yang [REDACTED] invested 2 million yuan, obtained a capital verification report, and then repaid the loan. On February 15, 2007, [REDACTED] Real Estate Company was deregistered. | | 原审被告人谢某系某集团公司董事长兼总经理，原审被告人杨某某系副总经理，原审被告人赵某某系财务总监。2004年9月，谢某、杨某某决定注册成立某房产公司。谢某使用其指使赵某某从某信用社以棚户区改造为名获得的贷款800万元，虚报某集团公司出资600万元，杨某某出资200万元，取得验资报告后即归还贷款。2007年2月15日，某房产公司被注销。 |
| ．．．．．． | | （私分国有资产、行贿、职务侵占事实略） |
| | 裁判结果 |
| | 一审法院于2010年1月27日作出判决，以虚报注册资本罪判处谢某有期徒刑一年，并处罚金，并与其所犯贪污罪、行贿罪、职务侵占罪所判刑罚并罚；以虚报注册资本罪判处赵某某、杨某某拘役二个月，并处罚金。谢某提出上诉。二审法院于2014年7月29日作出判决，将一审判决对谢某犯贪污罪的定罪量刑部分改判为私分国有资产罪及相应刑罚，其余维持原判。原审裁判生效后，检察机关提出再审检察建议。辽宁省高级人民法院决定再审。 |
| | 辽宁省高级人民法院再审认为，经第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议修正的《中华人民共和国公司法》，自2014年3月1日起施行。2014年4月24日，第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议通过了《关于〈中华人民共和国刑法〉第一百五十八条、第一百五十九条的解释》。本案原审生效判决作出时间在公司法修正及相关立法解释出台之后，故应适用修正后的公司法及相关立法解释。按照修正后的公司法及立法解释等相关规定，除法律、行政法规以及国务院决定对公司注册资本实缴另有规定的以外，将公司注册资本从实缴登记制改为认缴登记制。本案涉及的某房产公司不属于注册资本实缴制的公司范围，2014年3月1日以后，不应对原审被告人以虚报注册资本罪追究刑事责任。辽宁省高级人民法院于2022年12月13日作出再审判决，维持对谢某犯私分国有资产罪、行贿罪、职务侵占罪的定罪量刑；宣告谢某不构成虚报注册资本罪，赵某某、杨某某无罪。 |
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