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| Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
| (No. 65) | | （第六十五号） |
| The Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China, as revised and adopted at the 19th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 27, 2025, is hereby issued with effect from July 1, 2026. | | 《中华人民共和国民用航空法》已由中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议于2025年12月27日修订通过，现予公布，自2026年7月1日起施行。 |
| Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席 习近平 |
| December 27, 2025 | | 2025年12月27日 |
| Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国民用航空法 |
| (Adopted at the 16th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on October 30, 1995; amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending Some Laws adopted at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision on Amending Five Laws Including the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress on April 24, 2015; amended for the third time in accordance with the Decision of Amending Twelve Laws including the Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China as adopted at the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress on Nov. 7, 2016; amended for the fourth time in accordance with the Decision of the National People's Congress on Amending Eleven Laws including the Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China at the 30th Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on November 4, 2017; amended for the fifth time according to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to Amend Seven Laws Including the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China as adopted at the Seventh Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 29, 2018; amended for the sixth time according to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to Amend Eight Laws including the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China as adopted at the 28th Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on April 29, 2021; and revised at the 19th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress on December 27, 2025) | | （1995年10月30日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议通过 根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正 根据2015年4月24日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国计量法〉等五部法律的决定》第二次修正 根据2016年11月7日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国对外贸易法〉等十二部法律的决定》第三次修正 根据2017年11月4日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国会计法〉等十一部法律的决定》第四次修正 根据2018年12月29日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉等七部法律的决定》第五次修正 根据2021年4月29日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国道路交通安全法〉等八部法律的决定》第六次修正 2025年12月27日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议修订） |
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| Table of Contents | | 目 录 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Chapter II Civil Aircraft | | 第二章 民用航空器 |
| Section 1 Nationality of Civil Aircraft | | 第一节 民用航空器国籍 |
| Section 2 Rights in Civil Aircraft | | 第二节 民用航空器权利 |
| Section 3 Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft | | 第三节 民用航空器适航管理 |
| Chapter III Aviation Personnel | | 第三章 航空人员 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 Flight Crew | | 第二节 机 组 |
| Chapter IV Civil Airports | | 第四章 民用机场 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 Transport Airports | | 第二节 运输机场 |
| Section 3 General Airports | | 第三节 通用机场 |
| Chapter V Air Navigation | | 第五章 空中航行 |
| Section 1 Airspace Management | | 第一节 空域管理 |
| Section 2 Flight Operations Management | | 第二节 飞行管理 |
| Section 3 Flight Support Services | | 第三节 飞行保障 |
| Chapter VI Public Air Transport | | 第六章 公共航空运输 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 Public Air Transport Enterprises | | 第二节 公共航空运输企业 |
| Section 3 Documents of Carriage | | 第三节 运输凭证 |
| Section 4 Carrier Liability | | 第四节 承运人责任 |
| Section 5 Special Provisions on the Performance of Air Transport by Actual Carriers | | 第五节 实际承运人履行航空运输的特别规定 |
| Section 6 Protection of Passenger Rights and Interests | | 第六节 旅客权益保护 |
| Chapter VII General Aviation | | 第七章 通用航空 |
| Chapter VIII Civil Aviation Security | | 第八章 民用航空安全保卫 |
| Chapter IX Search, Rescue, and Accident Investigation | | 第九章 搜寻援救和事故调查 |
| Chapter X Liability in Damages to Third Parties | | 第十章 对第三人损害的赔偿责任 |
| Chapter XI Special Provisions for Foreign Civil Aircraft | | 第十一章 对外国民用航空器的特别规定 |
| Chapter XII Application of Law in Foreign-related Relations | | 第十二章 涉外关系的法律适用 |
| Chapter XIII Development Promotion | | 第十三章 发展促进 |
| Chapter XIV Supervision and Administration | | 第十四章 监督管理 |
| Chapter XV Legal Liabilities | | 第十五章 法律责任 |
| Chapter XVI Supplemental Provisions | | 第十六章 附 则 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purposes of safeguarding national sovereignty over its airspace and civil aviation rights, ensuring the safe and orderly operation of civil aviation activities, and protecting the lawful rights and interests of all parties involved in civil aviation activities, and promoting the high-quality development of civil aviation. | | 第一条 为了维护国家的领空主权和民用航空权利，保障民用航空活动安全、有序进行，保护民用航空活动当事人各方的合法权益，促进民用航空事业高质量发展，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 The airspace above the territorial land and waters of the People's Republic of China is its national airspace, over which the People's Republic of China exercises complete and exclusive sovereignty. | | 第二条 中华人民共和国的领陆和领水之上的空域为中华人民共和国领空。中华人民共和国对领空享有完全的、排他的主权。 |
| Article 3 In developing civil aviation, all relevant entities and individuals shall uphold leadership by the Communist Party of China, adopt a people-centered approach, prioritize safety and security, and ensure the integration of development and security, thereby providing strong support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. | | 第三条 民用航空事业坚持中国共产党的领导，坚持以人民为中心，坚持安全第一，统筹发展和安全，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力支撑。 |
| Article 4 The civil aviation authority under the State Council shall exercise unified supervision and administration over civil aviation activities nationwide. In accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and decisions or orders of the State Council, and within the scope of its authority, the civil aviation authority shall issue provisions and decisions pertaining to civil aviation activities. | | 第四条 国务院民用航空主管部门对全国民用航空活动实施统一监督管理；根据法律、行政法规和国务院的决定、命令，在本部门的权限内，发布有关民用航空活动的规定、决定。 |
| Regional civil aviation administrations established by the civil aviation authority under the State Council shall, upon authorization by the civil aviation authority, supervise civil aviation activities in their respective regions. | | 国务院民用航空主管部门设立的地区民用航空管理机构依照国务院民用航空主管部门的授权，监督管理各该地区的民用航空活动。 |
| Article 5 The civil aviation authority under the State Council shall, together with relevant departments of the State Council, formulate the civil aviation development plan in accordance with the national economic and social development plan and the comprehensive transportation plan. | | 第五条 国务院民用航空主管部门会同国务院有关部门依据国民经济和社会发展规划、综合交通运输规划，编制民用航空发展规划。 |
| Article 6 Any investment in public air transport, general aviation, civil airports, air traffic management, and other relevant fields shall comply with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant provisions of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第六条 投资公共航空运输、通用航空、民用机场、空中交通管理等领域，应当符合法律、行政法规和国务院民用航空主管部门有关规定。 |
| Foreign investment in the civil aviation industry shall also comply with the laws and administrative regulations governing foreign investment, as well as the relevant national provisions. | | 外商投资民用航空业的，还应当符合关于外商投资的法律、行政法规和国家有关规定。 |
| Article 7 The state strengthens the construction of civil aviation infrastructure, encourages and supports scientific and technological research, develops civil aviation education, and intensifies the cultivation of professionals in the civil aviation sector to improve civil aviation safety assurance and service quality and promote the high-quality development of civil aviation. | | 第七条 国家加强民用航空基础设施建设，鼓励和支持民用航空科学技术研究，发展民用航空教育事业，加大民用航空专业人才培养力度，提升民用航空安全保障水平和服务质量，推动民用航空事业高质量发展。 |
| Article 8 Civil aviation activities shall be conducted in compliance with environmental protection laws, regulations, and relevant provisions issued by the state to control and reduce pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. | | 第八条 从事民用航空活动应当遵守生态环境保护的法律、法规和国家有关规定，控制并减少污染物和温室气体排放。 |
| Article 9 Entities engaged in the production and operation of civil aviation shall fulfill their responsibility for occupational safety, establish and improve safety policies and regulations, ensure investment in safety safeguards, enhance safety management standards, and establish and enforce a dual prevention mechanism for graded risk management and hazard identification in civil aviation safety to strengthen the overall management of aviation safety and security. | | 第九条 从事民用航空生产经营活动的单位应当落实安全生产主体责任，建立健全安全生产规章制度，保证安全投入，改善安全生产条件，构建实施民用航空安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制，提高民用航空活动安全生产水平。 |
| Article 10 Entities and individuals that have made outstanding contributions in the development of civil aviation, civil aviation safety, and other civil aviation–related work shall receive commendations and awards in accordance with relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 第十条 对在民用航空事业发展、民用航空安全等工作中做出突出贡献的单位和个人，按照国家有关规定给予表彰、奖励。 |
| Chapter II Civil Aircraft | | 第二章 民用航空器 |
| Section 1 Nationality of Civil Aircraft | | 第一节 民用航空器国籍 |
| Article 11 For the purposes of this Law, “civil aircraft” means aircraft other than those used for carrying out military, customs, police, or firefighting and rescue flight missions. | | 第十一条 本法所称民用航空器，是指除用于执行军事、海关、警务、消防救援飞行任务外的航空器。 |
| Article 12 Civil aircraft that have been lawfully registered for nationality with the civil aviation authority under the State Council shall be deemed to have the nationality of the People's Republic of China. The civil aviation authority under the State Council shall issue a nationality registration certificate accordingly. | | 第十二条 经国务院民用航空主管部门依法进行国籍登记的民用航空器，具有中华人民共和国国籍，由国务院民用航空主管部门发给国籍登记证书。 |
| The civil aviation authority under the State Council shall establish and maintain the Civil Aircraft Nationality Register of the People's Republic of China, in which the nationality registration details of civil aircraft shall be recorded in a uniform manner. | | 国务院民用航空主管部门设立中华人民共和国民用航空器国籍登记簿，统一记载民用航空器的国籍登记事项。 |
| Article 13 Civil aircraft shall not possess dual nationality. A civil aircraft that has not been deregistered from its foreign nationality shall not be eligible for nationality registration in the People's Republic of China. | | 第十三条 民用航空器不得具有双重国籍。未注销外国国籍的民用航空器不得在中华人民共和国申请国籍登记。 |
| Article 14 Civil aircraft owned by state organs of the People's Republic of China shall be registered for nationality in the People's Republic of China. | | 第十四条 中华人民共和国国家机构的民用航空器应当进行中华人民共和国国籍登记。 |
| The following civil aircraft may be registered for nationality in the People's Republic of China: | | 下列民用航空器可以进行中华人民共和国国籍登记： |
| (1) Civil aircraft owned by legal persons or unincorporated organizations established in accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China. | | （一）依照中华人民共和国法律设立的法人和非法人组织的民用航空器； |
| (2) Civil aircraft owned by Chinese citizens domiciled within the territory of the People's Republic of China. | | （二）在中华人民共和国境内有住所的中国公民的民用航空器； |
| (3) Other civil aircraft approved for nationality registration by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | （三）国务院民用航空主管部门准予登记的其他民用航空器。 |
| A civil aircraft leased from abroad, where the lessee meets the conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph and the flight crew of the aircraft are provided by the lessee, may apply for nationality registration in the People's Republic of China, provided that the original nationality registration of the aircraft has been deregistered in advance. | | 自境外租赁的民用航空器，承租人符合前款规定且该民用航空器的机组人员由承租人配备的，可以申请进行中华人民共和国国籍登记，但是必须先注销该民用航空器原国籍登记。 |
| Article 15 Civil aircraft that have lawfully obtained the nationality of the People's Republic of China shall bear the prescribed nationality and registration marks. | | 第十五条 依法取得中华人民共和国国籍的民用航空器，应当标明规定的国籍标志和登记标志。 |
| An application for an airworthiness certificate for a civil aircraft may be submitted to the civil aviation authority under the State Council only after the aircraft has obtained the nationality of the People's Republic of China. | | 民用航空器取得中华人民共和国国籍后，方可向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得适航证书。 |
| Section 2 Rights in Civil Aircraft | | 第二节 民用航空器权利 |
| Article 16 The rights in civil aircraft under this Law include rights in the airframe, engines, propellers, radio equipment, and all other items intended for use on civil aircraft, whether installed or temporarily removed. | | 第十六条 本法规定的对民用航空器的权利，包括对民用航空器构架、发动机、螺旋桨、无线电设备和其他一切为了在民用航空器上使用的，无论安装于其上或者暂时拆离的物品的权利。 |
| Article 17 Right holders of civil aircraft may apply for registration of the following rights separately with the civil aviation authority under the State Council; in the absence of such registration, these rights shall not be enforceable against bona fide third parties: | | 第十七条 民用航空器权利人可以就下列权利分别向国务院民用航空主管部门申请办理权利登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人： |
| (1) Ownership of civil aircraft. | | （一）民用航空器所有权； |
| (2) The right to acquire and possess civil aircraft by purchase. | | （二）通过购买行为取得并占有民用航空器的权利； |
| (3) The right to possess civil aircraft under a financial lease or a lease contract with a term of six months or more. | | （三）根据融资租赁合同或者租赁期限为六个月以上的租赁合同占有民用航空器的权利； |
| (4) Mortgage right in civil aircraft. | | （四）民用航空器抵押权。 |
| The transfer of ownership of civil aircraft shall be made by entering into a written contract. | | 转让民用航空器所有权，应当签订书面合同。 |
| A mortgage of civil aircraft shall be registered with the civil aviation authority under the State Council upon joint application by the mortgagee and the mortgagor. | | 民用航空器抵押权登记由抵押权人和抵押人共同向国务院民用航空主管部门申请办理。 |
| Article 18 The civil aviation authority under the State Council shall establish the Register of Rights in Civil Aircraft. All rights in the same civil aircraft shall be registered in the same register. | | 第十八条 国务院民用航空主管部门设立民用航空器权利登记簿。同一民用航空器的权利登记事项应当记载于同一权利登记簿中。 |
| Registered rights in civil aircraft shall be available for public inquiry, reproduction, and extraction. | | 民用航空器权利登记事项，可以供公众查询、复制或者摘录。 |
| Article 19 The nationality or rights registration of a civil aircraft shall not be transferred abroad unless all registered rights have been discharged or the right holders consent thereto, except where the aircraft is subject to a compulsory auction under the law. | | 第十九条 除民用航空器经依法强制拍卖外，在已经登记的民用航空器权利得到补偿或者民用航空器权利人同意之前，民用航空器的国籍登记或者权利登记不得转移至国外。 |
| Article 20 A priority interest in civil aircraft means the right of a creditor, in accordance with Article 21 of this Law, to make a claim against the owner or lessee of a civil aircraft and to have priority in payment in respect of that aircraft. | | 第二十条 民用航空器优先权，是指债权人依照本法第二十一条规定，向民用航空器所有人、承租人提出请求，对产生该请求的民用航空器具有优先受偿的权利。 |
| A priority interest in civil aircraft shall take precedence over a mortgage right in civil aircraft. | | 民用航空器优先权先于民用航空器抵押权受偿。 |
| Where a claim specified in Article 21 of this Law is assigned, the corresponding priority interest in civil aircraft shall be transferred accordingly. | | 本法第二十一条规定的债权转移的，其民用航空器优先权随之转移。 |
| Article 21 The following claims shall have a priority interest in civil aircraft: | | 第二十一条 下列各项债权具有民用航空器优先权： |
| (1) Compensation for the rescue of the civil aircraft. | | （一）援救该民用航空器的报酬； |
| (2) Necessary expenses for the preservation and maintenance of the civil aircraft. | | （二）保管维护该民用航空器的必需费用。 |
| Among the claims specified in the preceding paragraph, those arising later shall rank ahead of those arising earlier. Creditors shall, within three months from the date of completion of the rescue operations or preservation and maintenance work, apply to the civil aviation authority under the State Council for the registration of their claims. | | 前款规定的债权，后发生的先受偿；债权人应当自援救或者保管维护工作终了之日起三个月内，就其债权向国务院民用航空主管部门申请登记。 |
| Article 22 A priority interest in civil aircraft shall be exercised through the seizure of the civil aircraft by a people's court. | | 第二十二条 民用航空器优先权应当通过人民法院扣押产生优先权的民用航空器行使。 |
| Article 23 A priority interest in civil aircraft shall terminate three months after the completion of the rescue or preservation and maintenance work, unless the creditor has registered the claim in accordance with Article 21 of this Law and one of the following conditions is met: | | 第二十三条 民用航空器优先权自援救或者保管维护工作终了之日起满三个月时终止；但是，债权人就其债权已经依照本法第二十一条规定登记，并具有下列情形之一的除外： |
| (1) The creditor and the debtor have reached an agreement on the amount of the claim. | | （一）债权人、债务人已经就此项债权的金额达成协议； |
| (2) Legal proceedings concerning the claim have been initiated. | | （二）有关此项债权的诉讼已经开始。 |
| A priority interest in civil aircraft shall not be extinguished by the transfer of ownership of the civil aircraft, except in cases of compulsory auction conducted in accordance with the law. | | 民用航空器优先权不因民用航空器所有权的转让而消灭；但是，民用航空器经依法强制拍卖的除外。 |
| Article 24 For the collective benefit of creditors, expenses incurred in the enforcement of a judgment by a people's court and in the course of an auction shall be paid with priority from the proceeds of the auction of the civil aircraft. | | 第二十四条 为了债权人的共同利益，在执行人民法院判决以及拍卖过程中产生的费用，应当从民用航空器拍卖所得价款中先行拨付。 |
| Section 3 Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft | | 第三节 民用航空器适航管理 |
| Article 25 Entities engaged in the design and design modifications of civil aircraft and of their engines and propellers (collectively, "civil aviation products"), and components of civil aviation products shall establish a corresponding design-assurance system in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council and apply to the civil aviation authority under the State Council for a Design Organization Approval (DOA) certificate. | | 第二十五条 从事民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨（以下统称民用航空产品）和民用航空产品零部件设计、设计更改的机构，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定，建立相应的设计保证系统，并向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得设计机构许可证书。 |
| Entities that have obtained a Design Organization Approval (DOA) certificate may, upon authorization by the civil aviation authority under the State Council, provide technical inspection and related services. | | 取得设计机构许可证书的机构可以接受国务院民用航空主管部门的委托提供技术检查等相关服务。 |
| Article 26 In the design of civil aviation products, a type certificate (TC) shall be applied for in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第二十六条 设计民用航空产品，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得型号合格证书。 |
| In the design of components of civil aviation products, a design approval certificate shall be applied for in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 设计民用航空产品零部件，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得设计许可证书。 |
| Where a civil aviation product that has been issued a type certificate by a foreign authority is imported into China or produced in China for the first time, an application shall be submitted for a type validation approval (TVA) certificate in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 已取得外国颁发的型号合格证书的民用航空产品首次进口中国或者在中国境内生产的，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得型号认可证书。 |
| Where a component of a civil aviation product that has been issued a design approval certificate by a foreign authority is imported into China or produced in China for the first time, an application shall be submitted for a design validation approval (DVA) certificate in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 已取得外国颁发的设计许可证书的民用航空产品零部件首次进口中国或者在中国境内生产的，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得设计认可证书。 |
| Article 27 Any change to the design of civil aviation products for which the corresponding certificates have been obtained in accordance with paragraph 1 or paragraph 3 of Article 26 of this Law shall be carried out by an entity holding a Design Organization Approval (DOA), and an application for and the issuance of a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) or a Modification Design Approval shall be required in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council, except for minor design changes. | | 第二十七条 对依照本法第二十六条第一款、第三款规定已取得相应证书的民用航空产品设计进行更改，应当由取得设计机构许可证书的机构进行，并按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得补充型号合格证书或者改装设计批准证书；但是，相关更改属于设计小改的除外。 |
| If a design change for which a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) has been issued by a foreign authority is to be implemented on civil aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China, an application shall be submitted to the civil aviation authority under the State Council for a Supplemental Type Validation Certificate (STVC). | | 已取得外国颁发的补充型号合格证书的民用航空产品设计更改，拟在具有中华人民共和国国籍的民用航空器上实施的，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得补充型号认可证书。 |
| Entities holding a Design Organization Approval (DOA) certificate may issue certificates of compliance for minor design changes carried out internally. | | 取得设计机构许可证书的机构可以为本单位进行的设计小改签发合格证明。 |
| For the purposes of this Law, "minor design change" means any design change that does not significantly affect the weight, balance, structural strength, reliability, operational characteristics, or other airworthiness-related attributes of a civil aviation product. | | 本法所称设计小改，是指对民用航空产品的重量、平衡、结构强度、可靠性、使用特性以及其他与民用航空产品适航性相关的特性没有显著影响的设计更改。 |
| When an approved design or design change is transferred, the transferee shall hold a Design Organization Approval (DOA) certificate appropriate for the design or design change to be transferred. | | 转让经许可的设计或者设计更改的，受让人应当具备与拟转让的设计或者设计更改相适应的设计机构许可证书。 |
| Article 28 Entities engaged in the production of civil aviation products and components shall establish a production quality system in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council and apply for a Production Organization Approval (POA) certificate. | | 第二十八条 从事民用航空产品和零部件生产的机构，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定建立生产质量系统，并申请取得生产机构许可证书。 |
| Entities holding a Production Organization Approval (POA) certificate may issue certificates of conformity for civil aviation products and components produced internally within the scope of the approval and may, upon authorization by the civil aviation authority under the State Council, provide technical inspection and related services. | | 取得生产机构许可证书的机构可以在许可范围内为本单位生产的民用航空产品和零部件签发合格证明，并可以接受国务院民用航空主管部门的委托提供技术检查等相关服务。 |
| Article 29 Entities that design and produce components for civil aviation products that, when installed in civil aviation products holding an existing type certificate or type validation approval certificate, result only in minor design changes and are not required to obtain a Design Organization Approval (DOA) certificate or a Production Organization Approval (POA) certificate under the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council shall apply to the civil aviation authority under the State Council for a Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA) certificate. | | 第二十九条 仅设计和生产装于已获得型号合格证书或者型号认可证书的民用航空产品后只构成设计小改的民用航空产品零部件，按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定无需取得设计机构许可证书和生产机构许可证书的，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得零部件制造人许可证书。 |
| Article 30 Entities engaged in the maintenance of civil aviation products and components shall apply to the civil aviation authority under the State Council for a Maintenance Organization Approval (MOA) certificate in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第三十条 从事民用航空产品和零部件维修的机构，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得维修机构许可证书。 |
| Article 31 Civil aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall, in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council, apply for and obtain an airworthiness certificate before being operated. Where a civil aircraft has not yet obtained an airworthiness certificate but is required to be flown for purposes such as production test flights, a special flight permit shall be obtained in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council, and the aircraft may be operated within the permitted scope. | | 第三十一条 具有中华人民共和国国籍的民用航空器，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得适航证书，方可飞行。尚未取得适航证书，为生产试飞等目的需要进行飞行的，按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得特许飞行证书后，可以在许可范围内从事飞行活动。 |
| Where a civil aircraft registered in a foreign country is leased for flight activities specified by the civil aviation authority under the State Council, the airworthiness certificate issued by the State of registry shall be subject to review and approval, or a new airworthiness certificate shall be applied for in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council before the aircraft may be flown. | | 租用具有外国国籍的民用航空器从事国务院民用航空主管部门规定的飞行活动，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请对原国籍登记国颁发的适航证书审查认可或者申请取得适航证书，方可飞行。 |
| For the export of civil aircraft, an export certificate of airworthiness may be applied for from the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 出口民用航空器，可以向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得出口适航证书。 |
| Article 32 Entities engaged in the design and production of civil aviation chemical products, or in the supply and testing of aviation fuels, shall apply for the corresponding approval certificates in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第三十二条 从事民用航空化学产品设计、生产和民用航空油料供应、测试的单位，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得相关许可证书。 |
| Article 33 Owners or lessees of civil aircraft shall operate such aircraft within the scope specified in the applicable airworthiness certificate and carry out maintenance and servicing in a proper manner to ensure that the aircraft remains in an airworthy condition. Where civil aviation products and components require maintenance, such maintenance shall be performed by entities or individuals holding the corresponding approvals in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第三十三条 民用航空器的所有人或者承租人应当按照适航证书规定的使用范围使用民用航空器，做好民用航空器的维修保养工作，保证民用航空器处于适航状态；民用航空产品和零部件需要维修的，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定由取得相关许可的机构或者人员实施。 |
| Article 34 Entities and individuals engaged in the design, production, import, maintenance, and flight activities of civil unmanned aircraft shall, in accordance with relevant provisions issued by the state, apply to the civil aviation authority of the State Council for an airworthiness certificate, unless such a certificate is not required under those provisions. | | 第三十四条 从事民用无人驾驶航空器的设计、生产、进口、维修和飞行活动，应当按照国家有关规定向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得适航许可，按照规定无需取得适航许可的除外。 |
| Entities engaged in the production of civil unmanned aircraft shall, in accordance with relevant provisions issued by the state, assign a unique product identification code to each such aircraft. | | 从事民用无人驾驶航空器生产的机构应当按照国家有关规定为其生产的无人驾驶航空器设置唯一产品识别码。 |
| Article 35 The State Council shall formulate regulations on the airworthiness management of civil aircraft in accordance with this Law. | | 第三十五条 国务院根据本法制定民用航空器适航管理规定。 |
| Chapter III Aviation Personnel | | 第三章 航空人员 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Article 36 For the purposes of this Law, "aviation personnel" means the following flight crew and ground personnel engaged in civil aviation activities: | | 第三十六条 本法所称航空人员，是指下列从事民用航空活动的空勤人员和地面人员： |
| (1) Flight personnel, including pilots, flight engineers, cabin crew, and aviation security personnel. | | （一）空勤人员，包括驾驶员、飞行机械员、乘务员、航空安全员； |
| (2) Ground personnel, including civil aircraft maintenance personnel, air traffic controllers, flight dispatchers, aviation telecommunications personnel, aviation information personnel, and aviation meteorological personnel. | | （二）地面人员，包括民用航空器维修人员、空中交通管制员、飞行签派员、航空电信人员、航空情报员、航空气象人员。 |
| Article 37 Cabin crew members shall undergo specialized training and obtain a training qualification certificate issued by a public air transport enterprise. Other aviation personnel shall undergo specialized training and, upon passing the required assessment, obtain a license issued by the civil aviation authority under the State Council before performing their respective duties. | | 第三十七条 乘务员应当接受专门训练，取得公共航空运输企业颁发的训练合格证书，其他航空人员应当接受专门训练，经考核合格，取得国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的执照，方可履行相应的工作职责。 |
| Flight personnel and air traffic controllers shall, before obtaining a license or training qualification certificate, undergo a medical examination conducted by a medical institution that meets the requirements of the civil aviation authority under the State Council and obtain a corresponding medical certificate issued by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 空勤人员和空中交通管制员在取得执照或者训练合格证书前，还应当接受符合国务院民用航空主管部门要求的体格检查单位的检查，并取得国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的体格检查合格证书。 |
| Article 38 During flight activities, pilots, flight engineers, and aviation security personnel shall carry their licenses and medical certificates; cabin crew members shall carry their training qualification certificates and medical certificates. All such personnel shall present the aforementioned certificates for inspection by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第三十八条 从事飞行活动时，驾驶员、飞行机械员和航空安全员应当携带执照和体格检查合格证书，乘务员应当携带训练合格证书和体格检查合格证书，并接受国务院民用航空主管部门的查验。 |
| Article 39 Aviation personnel shall, in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council, undergo training as well as periodic or non-periodic inspections and assessments. They may continue to perform their respective duties only upon passing such inspections and assessments. | | 第三十九条 航空人员应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定接受训练以及定期或者不定期的检查、考核，检查、考核合格后方可继续履行相应的工作职责。 |
| Employers of aviation personnel shall, in accordance with relevant provisions, establish and improve labor protection and health management systems to ensure that such personnel maintain sound physical and mental conditions. | | 航空人员所属单位应当按照规定建立完善的航空人员劳动保护、健康管理制度，为航空人员保持良好的身体和心理状态提供保障。 |
| Article 40 Institutions that provide license and qualification training for civil aircraft pilots, maintenance personnel, and flight dispatchers shall apply for the corresponding approval certificates in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council, and shall conduct training in accordance with the approved training syllabus and within the scope of the approval. | | 第四十条 为民用航空器驾驶员、维修人员、飞行签派员提供执照及资格训练的机构，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定申请取得相应许可证书，并在许可的范围内按照训练大纲实施训练。 |
| Article 41 Flight simulation training equipment intended to meet the training, examination, or inspection requirements for civil aircraft pilots shall be evaluated by the civil aviation authority under the State Council and obtain a flight simulation training device qualification certificate before being put into use. | | 第四十一条 用于满足民用航空器驾驶员训练、考试或者检查要求的飞行模拟训练设备，应当通过国务院民用航空主管部门的鉴定，取得飞行模拟训练设备合格证书，方可投入使用。 |
| Section 2 Flight Crew | | 第二节 机 组 |
| Article 42 The flight crew of a civil aircraft shall consist of the pilot-in-command and other flight personnel. The pilot-in-command shall be a pilot who possesses the technical qualifications and experience necessary to independently operate the relevant type of civil aircraft. | | 第四十二条 民用航空器机组由机长和其他空勤人员组成。机长应当由具有独立驾驶该型号民用航空器的技术和经验的驾驶员担任。 |
| The composition and staffing of the flight crew shall comply with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 机组的组成和人员数额，应当符合国务院民用航空主管部门的规定。 |
| Article 43 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for the operation of the civil aircraft and shall faithfully perform duties to ensure the safety of the aircraft, its occupants, and its property. | | 第四十三条 民用航空器的操作由机长负责，机长应当严格履行职责，保护民用航空器及其所载人员和财产的安全。 |
| All persons on board the civil aircraft shall comply with any order issued by the pilot-in-command within the scope of the pilot-in-command's authority. | | 机长在其职权范围内发布的命令，民用航空器所载人员都应当执行。 |
| Article 44 Before a flight, the pilot-in-command shall conduct the necessary inspections of the civil aircraft; the aircraft shall not be permitted to take off without such inspections. | | 第四十四条 飞行前，机长应当对民用航空器实施必要的检查；未经检查，不得起飞。 |
| If the pilot-in-command determines that the civil aircraft, the airport, or the meteorological conditions fail to comply with applicable requirements and cannot ensure flight safety, the pilot-in-command may refuse takeoff. | | 机长发现民用航空器、机场、气象条件等不符合规定，不能保证飞行安全的，有权拒绝起飞。 |
| Article 45 If, during a flight, any act damages the civil aircraft, disrupts order on board, endangers the safety of persons or property on board, or otherwise jeopardizes flight safety, the pilot-in-command may take reasonable measures, including necessary restraint, provided that flight safety is not compromised, and where necessary, may request or authorize passengers to provide assistance. | | 第四十五条 飞行中，对于任何破坏民用航空器、扰乱民用航空器内秩序、危害民用航空器所载人员或者财产安全以及其他危及飞行安全的行为，在保证安全的前提下，机长有权采取包括必要的管束措施在内的合理措施，必要时可以请求或者授权旅客提供协助。 |
| In the event of special circumstances during a flight, the pilot-in-command may take any appropriate measures necessary to ensure the safety of the civil aircraft and its occupants. | | 飞行中，遇到特殊情况时，为保证民用航空器及其所载人员的安全，机长有权对民用航空器作出处置。 |
| Article 46 If the pilot-in-command determines that any crew member is unfit to perform flight duties, the pilot-in-command may propose personnel adjustments to ensure flight safety. | | 第四十六条 机长发现机组人员不适宜执行飞行任务的，为保证飞行安全，有权提出调整。 |
| Article 47 Where a civil aircraft is in distress, the pilot-in-command may take all necessary measures and shall direct the crew members and other persons on board the civil aircraft to take rescue measures. In an emergency requiring evacuation of a civil aircraft in distress, the pilot-in-command shall take measures to organize the safe evacuation of passengers first; no crew member may leave the civil aircraft without the permission of the pilot-in-command; and the pilot-in-command shall be the last to leave the civil aircraft. | | 第四十七条 民用航空器遇险时，机长有权采取一切必要措施，并指挥机组人员和民用航空器上其他人员采取抢救措施。在必须撤离遇险民用航空器的紧急情况下，机长应当采取措施，首先组织旅客安全离开民用航空器；未经机长允许，机组人员不得擅自离开民用航空器；机长应当最后离开民用航空器。 |
| Article 48 In the event of an accident involving a civil aircraft, the pilot-in-command shall promptly and truthfully report the circumstances of the accident to the civil aviation authority under the State Council, either directly or through the air traffic control unit. | | 第四十八条 民用航空器发生事故，机长应当直接或者通过空中交通管制单位，将事故情况及时、如实报告国务院民用航空主管部门。 |
| Article 49 Upon receiving a distress signal from a vessel or another aircraft, or upon discovering a vessel, aircraft, or persons in distress, the pilot-in-command shall promptly report the situation to the nearest air traffic control unit and provide reasonable assistance, if feasible. | | 第四十九条 机长收到船舶或者其他航空器的遇险信号，或者发现遇险的船舶、航空器及其人员，应当将遇险情况及时报告就近的空中交通管制单位并给予可能的合理的援助。 |
| Article 50 If the pilot-in-command becomes unable to perform duties during a flight, the pilot next in command shall act as the pilot-in-command. Before takeoff at the next stopping place, the owner or lessee of the civil aircraft shall appoint a new pilot-in-command to assume the role. | | 第五十条 飞行中，机长因故不能履行职务的，由仅次于机长职务的驾驶员代理机长；在下一个经停地起飞前，民用航空器所有人或者承租人应当指派新机长接任。 |
| Article 51 For civil aircraft operated by a single pilot without other flight personnel, the provisions concerning the pilot-in-command set forth in this Section shall apply to that pilot. | | 第五十一条 只有一名驾驶员，不需配备其他空勤人员的民用航空器，本节对机长的规定，适用于该驾驶员。 |
| Chapter IV Civil Airports | | 第四章 民用机场 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Article 52 For the purposes of this Law, "civil airport" means a designated area used for the takeoff, landing, taxiing, parking, and other activities of civil aircraft, and includes ancillary buildings, devices, and facilities. | | 第五十二条 本法所称民用机场，是指供民用航空器起飞、降落、滑行、停放以及进行其他活动使用的划定区域，包括附属的建筑物、装置和设施。 |
| Civil airports are classified into public air transport airports (“transport airports") and general aviation airports ("general airports"). | | 民用机场分为公共航空运输机场（以下简称运输机场）和通用航空机场（以下简称通用机场）。 |
| Airports jointly used for both civilian and military purposes shall be subject to separate regulations formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. | | 军民合用机场由国务院、中央军事委员会另行制定管理办法。 |
| The use and management of temporary landing sites are governed by relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 临时起降场地的使用和管理，按照国家有关规定执行。 |
| Article 53 The planning, construction, and operation of civil airports shall be coordinated and rationally structured. National defense requirements shall be fulfilled in accordance with the law. Safety and operational efficiency shall be enhanced, and the development of civil aviation shall be advanced in coordination with ecological and environmental protection. | | 第五十三条 民用机场的规划、建设和运行应当统筹安排、合理布局，依法落实国防要求，提高安全水平和运行效率，促进民用航空发展与生态环境保护相协调。 |
| Article 54 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the sites and master plans for civil airports within their administrative areas into their territorial spatial plans for coordinated arrangement. In order to meet the requirements of airport operational safety, national defense, and ecological and environmental protection, they shall, in accordance with the law, impose planning controls on surrounding areas and designate zones in which the construction of noise-sensitive buildings is prohibited or restricted. | | 第五十四条 县级以上地方人民政府应当将本行政区域内民用机场场址和总体规划纳入本级国土空间规划统筹安排，并根据机场运行安全、国防要求以及生态环境保护的需要，依法对周边区域实行规划控制，依法划定噪声敏感建筑物禁止建设区域和限制建设区域。 |
| Article 55 For the construction or expansion of a civil airport, a project announcement shall be issued by the local people's government at or above the county level in the area where the airport is located. | | 第五十五条 新建、扩建民用机场，应当由民用机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府发布项目建设公告。 |
| The announcement specified in the preceding paragraph shall be published in major local media and posted in the surrounding areas of the civil airport to be constructed or expanded. | | 前款规定的公告应当在当地主要媒体上发布，并在拟新建、扩建机场周围地区张贴。 |
| Article 56 The local people's government at or above the county level in the area where a civil airport is located shall, in conjunction with the regional civil aviation administrative authority, delineate the civil airport obstacle-free zone in accordance with relevant state regulations and make such zone publicly available. | | 第五十六条 民用机场所在地有关地方人民政府应当会同地区民用航空管理机构，按照国家有关规定划定民用机场净空保护区域，并向社会公布。 |
| It is prohibited to engage in the following activities that compromise obstacle clearance within the legally designated areas of civil airports or within the obstacle-free zone: | | 禁止在依法划定的民用机场范围内和民用机场净空保护区域内从事下列妨碍民用机场净空保护的行为： |
| (1) Constructing buildings or other facilities such as shooting ranges or depots for high explosives that may endanger flight safety. | | （一）修建靶场、强烈爆炸物仓库等影响飞行安全的建筑物或者其他设施； |
| (2) Constructing buildings or facilities that fail to meet the obstacle clearance requirements of the airport. | | （二）修建不符合机场净空要求的建筑物或者设施； |
| (3) Installing lights, lasers, signs, or objects that interfere with the operation of the airport's visual navigation aids. | | （三）设置影响机场目视助航设施使用的灯光、激光、标志或者物体； |
| (4) Planting vegetation that may endanger flight safety or interfere with the operation of airport navigational aids. | | （四）种植影响飞行安全或者影响机场助航设施使用的植物； |
| (5) Releasing birds that may endanger flight safety, or launching unmanned free balloons, tethered balloons, or other airborne objects. | | （五）放飞影响飞行安全的鸟类，升放无人驾驶的自由气球、系留气球或者其他升空物体； |
| (6) Emitting large volumes of smoke, dust, flames, exhaust gases, or other substances that may endanger flight safety. | | （六）排放大量烟雾、粉尘、火焰、废气等影响飞行安全的物质； |
| (7) Engaging in other activities prohibited by laws or administrative regulations. | | （七）法律、行政法规禁止的其他行为。 |
| Article 57 The local radio regulatory authority in the area where a civil airport is located shall, in conjunction with the regional civil aviation administrative authority, delineate the civil airport electromagnetic environment protection zone in accordance with relevant national radio management regulations and standards, and make such zone publicly available. | | 第五十七条 民用机场所在地地方无线电管理机构应当会同地区民用航空管理机构，按照国家无线电管理的有关规定和标准划定民用机场电磁环境保护区域，并向社会公布。 |
| Within the electromagnetic environment protection zones of civil airports as lawfully designated, the following acts that affect the electromagnetic environment of civil airports are prohibited: | | 禁止在依法划定的民用机场电磁环境保护区域内从事下列影响民用机场电磁环境的行为： |
| (1) Establishing or using radio stations without approval. | | （一）未经批准设置、使用无线电台（站）； |
| (2) Installing or using equipment, instruments, or devices that interfere with the use of civil aviation radio stations. | | （二）设置、使用影响民用航空无线电台（站）使用的设备、仪器、装置； |
| (3) Constructing or installing railways, highways, embankments, power facilities, overhead metallic lines, metal accumulations, or other buildings or facilities that interfere with the use of civil aviation radio stations. | | （三）修建、设置影响民用航空无线电台（站）使用的铁路、公路、堤坝、电力设施、架空金属线、金属堆积物等建筑物或者其他设施； |
| (4) Carrying out terrain-altering activities, such as excavation, sand mining, or stone quarrying, that affect the propagation of civil aviation radio signals. | | （四）开展影响民用航空无线电信号传播的掘土、采砂、采石等改变地形地貌的活动； |
| (5) Other acts prohibited by laws or administrative regulations. | | （五）法律、行政法规禁止的其他行为。 |
| Article 58 Before the issuance of a project announcement for the construction of a civil airport, any buildings, structures, trees, lighting facilities, radio stations, or other obstacles located within the legally designated area of the civil airport or within the obstacle-free zone or the electromagnetic environment protection zone that may affect flight safety shall be removed within the prescribed time limit. Where the parties concerned fail to remove them within the prescribed time limit and still fail to do so after being urged, the local people's government at or above the county level in the area where the airport is located shall remove them in accordance with the law. Compensation or other remedial measures shall be provided in accordance with the law for any losses thereby incurred. | | 第五十八条 民用机场项目建设公告发布前，在依法划定的民用机场范围内和民用机场净空保护区域、电磁环境保护区域内存在的可能影响飞行安全的建筑物、构筑物、树木、照明设施、无线电台（站）和其他障碍物体，应当在规定的期限内清除；当事人逾期未清除，经催告仍不清除的，由机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府依法予以清除。对由此造成的损失，应当依法给予补偿或者采取其他补救措施。 |
| Article 59 If, after the issuance of a project announcement for the construction of a civil airport, any entity or individual, in violation of this Law or relevant regulations, constructs, plants, or installs any obstacle that may affect flight safety within the legally designated area of the civil airport or within the obstacle-free zone or the electromagnetic environment protection zone, the local people's government at or above the county level in the area where the airport is located shall issue an administrative decision requiring the party concerned to remove the obstacle, restore the original condition, or perform other acts necessary to eliminate the interference within a prescribed time limit. If the party concerned fails to comply within the prescribed time limit, and after being urged, still fails to do so, the local people's government at or above the county level in the area where the airport is located shall carry out the required actions on behalf of the party in accordance with the law. Any losses caused by the obstacle, as well as the costs incurred as a result of the substitute performance, shall be borne by the entity or individual that constructed, planted, or installed the obstacle. | | 第五十九条 民用机场项目建设公告发布后，任何单位或者个人违反本法和有关法规的规定，在依法划定的民用机场范围内和民用机场净空保护区域、电磁环境保护区域内修建、种植或者设置可能影响飞行安全的障碍物体的，由机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府作出要求当事人在规定期限内履行排除妨碍、恢复原状等义务的行政决定，当事人逾期不履行，经催告仍不履行的，由机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府依法代履行。障碍物体造成的损失以及代履行的费用，由修建、种植或者设置该障碍物体的单位或者个人承担。 |
| Article 60 Civil airport operators shall, in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council, establish necessary facilities and take appropriate measures to maintain operational order and ensure the operational safety of civil airports. | | 第六十条 民用机场运营人应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定，设置必要设施、采取适当措施，维护民用机场运营秩序、保障民用机场运营安全。 |
| Article 61 The state shall, in accordance with the law, designate controlled airspace for unmanned aircraft over civil airports and within a defined range of surrounding areas, and make such designation publicly available. | | 第六十一条 国家在民用机场以及周边一定范围的区域依法划定无人驾驶航空器管制空域，并向社会公布。 |
| Civil airports shall possess appropriate capabilities to prevent and respond to unmanned aircraft and shall, in accordance with the law, be equipped with necessary detection and countermeasure equipment. The deployment and use of such equipment shall be subject to the supervision and guidance of the competent authorities and shall strictly comply with the prescribed authorities and procedures. | | 民用机场应当具备相应的对无人驾驶航空器的防范和处置能力，依法配备必要的探测、反制设备，在有关机关的监督和指导下严格按照规定的权限和程序使用。 |
| Article 62 The scheduling of civil aircraft operations at civil airports shall be coordinated within the limits of airport capacity in accordance with the principles of openness, fairness, and impartiality. Specific administrative measures shall be formulated by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第六十二条 民用航空器在民用机场运行的时刻应当按照公开、公平、公正的原则，在机场容量范围内协调配置。具体管理办法由国务院民用航空主管部门制定。 |
| Article 63 Civil aircraft that use civil airports and their navigation aids shall pay usage fees and service fees. The standards for such fees shall be formulated by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第六十三条 民用航空器使用民用机场及其助航设施，应当缴纳使用费、服务费；使用费、服务费的收费标准，由国务院民用航空主管部门制定。 |
| Article 64 The decommissioning or repurposing of a civil airport shall be carried out only after approval has been obtained in accordance with relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 第六十四条 民用机场废弃或者改作他用，应当按照国家有关规定办理报批手续。 |
| Section 2 Transport Airports | | 第二节 运输机场 |
| Article 65 The national layout and construction plan for transport airports shall be formulated by the development and reform department under the State Council in conjunction with the civil aviation authority under the State Council, and shall be implemented upon approval in accordance with procedures prescribed by the State. | | 第六十五条 全国运输机场的布局和建设规划，由国务院发展改革部门会同国务院民用航空主管部门制定，并按照国家规定的程序，经批准后组织实施。 |
| People's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government shall, based on the national layout and construction plan for transport airports, formulate construction plans for transport airports within their respective administrative regions. Upon approval in accordance with procedures prescribed by the State, such construction shall be incorporated into their respective plans for national economic and social development. | | 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当根据全国运输机场布局和建设规划，制定本行政区域内的运输机场建设规划，并按照国家规定的程序报经批准后，将运输机场建设工作纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划。 |
| Article 66 The construction, renovation, and expansion of transport airports shall comply with the legally formulated layout and construction plan for transport airports, as well as the applicable technical standards, and shall be implemented upon approval in accordance with relevant national regulations. | | 第六十六条 新建、改建和扩建运输机场，应当符合依法制定的运输机场布局和建设规划以及相关技术标准，按照国家有关规定报经批准后实施。 |
| Approval shall not be granted to any transport airport construction project that fails to comply with the legally formulated layout and construction plan for transport airports. | | 不符合依法制定的运输机场布局和建设规划的运输机场建设项目，不得批准。 |
| Article 67 A transport airport shall obtain an airport operating license in accordance with the law before it may be opened for operation. | | 第六十七条 运输机场应当依法取得机场运营许可证，方可开放运营。 |
| Article 68 The establishment of an international airport shall be proposed by the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central government in the area where the airport is located, and shall be subject to approval by the State Council. | | 第六十八条 设立国际机场，由机场所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府报请国务院批准。 |
| An international airport shall meet the conditions for international navigation. Port inspection duties shall be undertaken, in accordance with the law, by immigration, customs, and other port inspection authorities. The construction of port inspection infrastructure shall comply with national standards for port inspection infrastructure and for core public health capacities at ports. | | 国际机场应当具备国际通航条件，口岸查验工作由移民管理、海关等口岸查验机构依法承担。口岸查验基础设施建设应当符合国家口岸查验基础设施建设标准和口岸公共卫生核心能力建设标准。 |
| The opening of an international airport for use shall be publicly announced by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. Data on international airports shall be uniformly released by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 国际机场的开放使用，由国务院民用航空主管部门对外公告；国际机场资料由国务院民用航空主管部门统一对外提供。 |
| Section 3 General Airports | | 第三节 通用机场 |
| Article 69 General airports shall be subject to classified and hierarchical administration based on their business types, construction scales, and applicable standards. Specific measures shall be formulated by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第六十九条 通用机场根据业务类型、建设规模和标准，实施分类分级管理，具体办法由国务院民用航空主管部门制定。 |
| Article 70 People's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government shall, based on population, land, airspace resources, transportation, industrial foundation, and other conditions within their respective administrative regions, promote the construction of general airports in light of local circumstances, and reasonably determine the construction scales and applicable standards for such airports. | | 第七十条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当综合考虑本行政区域内人口、土地、空域资源、交通运输、产业基础等条件，因地制宜推进通用机场建设，合理确定通用机场建设规模和标准。 |
| Article 71 The development and reform departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government shall organize the preparation of general airport layout plans for their respective administrative regions. Such plans shall be submitted to the people's governments at the same level for approval after obtaining the consent of the regional civil aviation administrative authorities and other relevant entities. | | 第七十一条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府发展改革部门组织编制本行政区域内通用机场布局规划，征得地区民用航空管理机构和其他相关单位同意后，报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准。 |
| The construction, renovation, and expansion of general airports shall be subject to approval, verification, or filing by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, based on the general airport layout plans and in accordance with relevant national regulations. | | 新建、改建和扩建通用机场，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据通用机场布局规划，按照国家有关规定审批、核准或者备案。 |
| Relevant departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and administration of the quality and work safety of general airport construction projects within their administrative regions. | | 县级以上地方人民政府有关部门应当加强对本行政区域内通用机场建设工程的质量和安全生产监督管理。 |
| Article 72 General airports that are open to the public as specified by the civil aviation authority under the State Council shall obtain an airport operating license in accordance with the law before they may be opened for operation. | | 第七十二条 国务院民用航空主管部门规定的对公众开放的通用机场应当依法取得机场运营许可证，方可开放运营。 |
| Other general airports shall be filed in accordance with the regulations of the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 其他通用机场应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定进行备案。 |
| Chapter V Air Navigation | | 第五章 空中航行 |
| Section 1 Airspace Management | | 第一节 空域管理 |
| Article 73 The state exercises unified management over airspace. The national air traffic management authority shall, in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant provisions issued by the state, manage airspace resources nationwide. | | 第七十三条 国家对空域实行统一管理。国家空中交通管理机构依照法律、行政法规和国家有关规定管理全国空域资源。 |
| Article 74 The division of airspace shall take into account the needs of civil aviation, national defense security, the development of the low-altitude economy, and the public interest to ensure the rational, secure, sufficient, and effective utilization of airspace. | | 第七十四条 划分空域，应当兼顾民用航空和国防安全、低空经济发展需要以及公众利益，使空域得到合理、安全、充分、有效利用。 |
| Article 75 Specific measures for the administration of airspace shall be formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. | | 第七十五条 空域管理的具体办法，由国务院、中央军事委员会制定。 |
| Section 2 Flight Management | | 第二节 飞行管理 |
| Article 76 Within a designated controlled airspace, a single air traffic control unit shall be responsible for the air traffic control of aircraft operating in that airspace. | | 第七十六条 在一个划定的管制空域内，由一个空中交通管制单位负责该空域内的航空器的空中交通管制。 |
| Article 77 Civil aircraft conducting flight activities within controlled airspace shall obtain clearance from the air traffic control unit in accordance with relevant regulations. | | 第七十七条 民用航空器在管制空域内进行飞行活动，应当按照有关规定取得空中交通管制单位的许可。 |
| Article 78 Civil aircraft engaged in flight operations shall carry the following documents: | | 第七十八条 从事飞行的民用航空器，应当携带下列文件： |
| (1) The nationality registration certificate of the civil aircraft. | | （一）民用航空器国籍登记证书； |
| (2) The airworthiness certificate of the civil aircraft. | | （二）民用航空器适航证书； |
| (3) The corresponding licenses, training qualification certificates, and medical certificates of the flight crew. | | （三）机组人员的相应执照、训练合格证书和体格检查合格证书； |
| (4) The flight logbook of the civil aircraft. | | （四）民用航空器航行记录簿； |
| (5) The radio station license, for civil aircraft equipped with radio equipment. | | （五）装有无线电设备的民用航空器，其无线电台执照； |
| (6) The list of passengers on board the civil aircraft and their places of departure and destination. | | （六）载有旅客的民用航空器，其所载旅客姓名及其出发地点和目的地点的清单； |
| (7) The cargo manifest and detailed declaration form, for civil aircraft carrying cargo. | | （七）载有货物的民用航空器，其所载货物的舱单和明细的申报单； |
| (8) Other documents that are required to be carried as required by the flight mission. | | （八）根据飞行任务应当携带的其他文件。 |
| Where a civil aircraft fails to carry, in accordance with relevant regulations, the documents listed in the preceding paragraph, the civil aviation authority under the State Council or its authorized regional civil aviation administrative authority may prohibit the aircraft from taking off. | | 民用航空器未按规定携带前款所列文件的，国务院民用航空主管部门或者其授权的地区民用航空管理机构可以禁止该民用航空器起飞。 |
| Article 79 Civil aircraft shall operate along the routes and at the altitudes assigned by the air traffic control unit. Where it is necessary to deviate from the assigned route or change altitude, clearance shall be obtained from the air traffic control unit. | | 第七十九条 民用航空器应当按照空中交通管制单位指定的航路和飞行高度飞行，因故确需偏离指定的航路或者改变飞行高度飞行的，应当取得空中交通管制单位的许可。 |
| Civil aircraft shall comply with the airport flight procedures and operational standards prescribed by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 民用航空器应当遵守国务院民用航空主管部门规定的机场飞行程序和运行标准。 |
| Article 80 Civil aircraft operating within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall comply with the unified flight rules. | | 第八十条 在中华人民共和国境内飞行的民用航空器，必须遵守统一的飞行规则。 |
| Civil aircraft conducting visual flight operations shall comply with the visual flight rules and maintain a safe distance from other aircraft and ground obstacles. | | 进行目视飞行的民用航空器，应当遵守目视飞行规则，并与其他航空器、地面障碍物体保持安全距离。 |
| Civil aircraft conducting instrument flight operations shall comply with the instrument flight rules. | | 进行仪表飞行的民用航空器，应当遵守仪表飞行规则。 |
| Flight rules shall be formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. | | 飞行规则由国务院、中央军事委员会制定。 |
| Article 81 The flight time, duty period, and rest period of civil aircraft crew members shall comply with the regulations set by the civil aviation authority under the State Council. | | 第八十一条 民用航空器机组人员的飞行时间、值勤时间、休息时间应当符合国务院民用航空主管部门的规定。 |
| Civil aircraft crew members who are affected by alcoholic beverages, anesthetics, or other drugs that impair their ability to perform their duties shall not be permitted to perform flight operations. | | 民用航空器机组人员受到酒精类饮料、麻醉剂或者其他药物的影响，损及工作能力的，不得执行飞行任务。 |
| Article 82 Civil aircraft shall not enter prohibited airspace except as specifically authorized by relevant provisions issued by the state; nor shall they enter restricted airspace unless in compliance with the prescribed conditions. | | 第八十二条 民用航空器除按照国家有关规定经特别批准外，不得飞入空中禁区；除遵守规定的限制条件外，不得飞入空中限制区。 |
| The prohibited airspace and restricted airspace referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be designated in accordance with relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 前款规定的空中禁区和空中限制区，按照国家有关规定划定。 |
| Article 83 Civil aircraft shall not fly over urban areas, except in any of the following circumstances: | | 第八十三条 民用航空器不得飞越城市上空；但是，有下列情形之一的除外： |
| (1) It is necessary for takeoff, landing, or designated flight paths. | | （一）起飞、降落或者指定的航路所必需； |
| (2) The altitude is sufficient to enable the aircraft to exit the urban airspace in an emergency without endangering the safety of persons or property on the ground. | | （二）飞行高度足以使该航空器在发生紧急情况时离开城市上空，而不致危及地面上的人员、财产安全； |
| (3) Clearance is obtained in accordance with state procedures. | | （三）按照国家规定的程序获得批准。 |
| Article 84 During flight, civil aircraft shall not release objects, except in any of the following circumstances: | | 第八十四条 飞行中，民用航空器不得投掷物品；但是，有下列情形之一的除外： |
| (1) It is necessary for flight safety. | | （一）飞行安全所必需； |
| (2) It is necessary for rescue missions or other flight tasks that serve the public interest. | | （二）执行救助任务或者符合社会公共利益的其他飞行任务所必需。 |
| Article 85 Civil aircraft may not enter or exit the airspace of the People's Republic of China without approval. | | 第八十五条 民用航空器未经批准不得飞入或者飞出中华人民共和国领空。 |
| Relevant authorities may take necessary measures to prevent civil aircraft from entering or exiting the airspace of the People's Republic of China without approval, depending on the specific circumstances. | | 对未经批准正在飞入或者飞出中华人民共和国领空的民用航空器，有关部门有权根据具体情况采取必要措施，予以制止。 |
| Section 3 Flight Support | | 第三节 飞行保障 |
| Article 86 Air traffic control units shall provide air traffic services to aircraft in flight in accordance with their duties, including air traffic control services, flight information services, and alerting services. | | 第八十六条 空中交通管制单位应当按照分工为飞行中的航空器提供空中交通服务，包括空中交通管制服务、飞行情报服务和告警服务。 |
| The provision of air traffic control services is intended to prevent collisions between civil aircraft and other aircraft or obstacles, maintain air traffic order, and improve traffic efficiency. | | 提供空中交通管制服务，旨在防止民用航空器同其他航空器或者障碍物体相撞，维持空中交通秩序，提高通行效率。 |
| The provision of flight information services is intended to provide information and advice to ensure safe and efficient flight operations. | | 提供飞行情报服务，旨在提供有助于安全和有效地实施飞行的情报和建议。 |
| The provision of alerting services is intended to notify relevant authorities when civil aircraft require search and rescue and to assist those authorities in conducting search and rescue as needed. | | 提供告警服务，旨在当民用航空器需要搜寻援救时，通知有关部门，并根据要求协助进行搜寻援救。 |
| Article 87 When an air traffic control unit discovers that a civil aircraft has deviated from its assigned route or lost its bearing, it shall promptly take all necessary measures to return the aircraft to its route. | | 第八十七条 空中交通管制单位发现民用航空器偏离指定航路、迷失航向时，应当迅速采取一切必要措施，使其回归航路。 |
| ．．．．．． | | ．．．．．． |
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