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No.24 of Twenty-Five Model Cases Published by the Supreme People's Court at the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Implementation of the State Compensation Law: Case of Application for State Compensation Filed by Wang Zhenhong for Acquittal upon Trial of Second Instance by the Intermediate People's Court of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province
最高人民法院发布25起国家赔偿法颁布实施二十五周年典型案例之二十四:王振宏申请河北省秦皇岛市中级人民法院二审无罪国家赔偿案
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No.24 of Twenty-Five Model Cases Published by the Supreme People's Court at the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Implementation of the State Compensation Law: Case of Application for State Compensation Filed by Wang Zhenhong for Acquittal upon Trial of Second Instance by the Intermediate People's Court of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 

最高人民法院发布25起国家赔偿法颁布实施二十五周年典型案例之二十四:王振宏申请河北省秦皇岛市中级人民法院二审无罪国家赔偿案

[Grounds for Selection] 

【入选理由】
Where a claimant to compensation is acquitted due to the amendment to a law, the organ liable for compensation prosecutes the claimant to compensation and takes a custody measure against him or her in accordance with the provisions of the law before amendment, it falls under the circumstances of statutory liability exemption as prescribed in item (3) of Article 19 of the State Compensation Law; however, after the amendment to the law, the continuous restriction of personal freedom of the claimant to compensation has lost the legal basis and the organ liable for compensation should assume the liability of state compensation. 因法律的修改致赔偿请求人被宣告无罪,赔偿义务机关依据修改前的法律规定对其进行追诉并采取羁押措施的,属于国家赔偿法十九条第三项规定的法定免责情形,国家对此不承担赔偿责任;但在法律修改后继续对赔偿请求人限制人身自由则丧失法律依据,赔偿义务机关应对此承担国家赔偿责任。
[Basic Facts] 【基本案情】
On July 9, 2011, Wang Zhenhong was taken into criminal detention on suspicion of withdrawing capital and on August 16 of the same year, he was approved to be arrested. On September 12, 2014, Wang Zhenhong was released on bail pending trial. On December 19, 2013, the Intermediate People's Court of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province sentenced Wang Zhenhong to imprisonment of four years, with a fine of CNY250,000, for withdrawing capital. Wang Zhenhong refused to accept the aforesaid sentence and appealed. On September 24, 2014, the Higher People's Court of Hebei Province entered a judgment and deemed that there are changes in the legal provisions. From March 1, 2014, the company whose legal representative was Wang Zhenhong has no longer been a company governed by the system of registration of paid-in registered capital. In accordance with the provisions of the Interpretation of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Articles 158 and 159 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, the Higher People's Court of Hebei Province acquitted Wang Zhenhong. On these grounds, Wang Zhenhong filed an application for state compensation with the Intermediate People's Court of Qinhuangdao City, but the application was denied. Wang Zhenhong refused to accept the denial and filed an application with the compensation committee of the Higher People's Court of Hebei Province for making a decision on compensation. 王振宏因涉嫌抽逃出资于2011年7月9日被刑事拘留,同年8月16日被批准逮捕,2014年9月12日被取保候审。河北省秦皇岛市中级人民法院于2013年12月19日,判决王振宏犯抽逃出资罪,判处有期徒刑四年,并处罚金25万元。王振宏不服上诉后,河北省高级人民法院于2014年9月24日作出判决,认为法律规定发生变化,自2014年3月1日起,王振宏担任法定代表人的公司已不属于注册资本实缴登记制的公司,根据全国人民代表大会常务委员会《关于〈中华人民共和国刑法〉第一百五十八条、第一百五十九条的解释》的规定,判决王振宏无罪。王振宏据此于2015年3月25日向秦皇岛市中级人民法院申请国家赔偿被驳回。王振宏不服,向河北省高级人民法院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定。
[Judgment] 【裁判结果】
The compensation committee of the Higher People's Court of Hebei Province held that in the trial of second instance for the case of withdrawing capital by the claimant to compensation Wang Zhenhong, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress amended the Company Law and the former system of registration of paid-in registered capital was changed to a system of registration of subscribed registered capital, leading to changes in the definition of the crime of withdrawing capital in Article 195 of the Criminal Law. Therefore, the court of second instance held that the acts of Wang Zhenhong no longer constituted the crime of withdrawing capital and it entered a judgment of second instance that Wang Zhenhong should be acquitted. The amended Company Law came into force on March 1, 2014. The prosecution of any act of withdrawing capital and the taking of any custody measures against the actor in accordance with the relevant previous legal provisions fell under the circumstances of statutory liability exemption as prescribed in item (3) of Article 19 of the State Compensation Law and the Criminal Procedure Law and under such circumstances, the state should not assume the liability of compensation. Although the Interpretation of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Articles 158 and 159 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China was issued and came into force on April 24, 2014, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has reserved time for the implementation of the relevant legal provisions while making a decision on amending the Company Law. Therefore, where an actor that no longer met the constitutive requirements for the crime of withdrawing capital due to the amendment to the Company Law continued to be taken into custody, the legal basis has been lost and the continuous custody of the actor fell under circumstances of erroneous custody and infringement on personal freedom. After the amended Company Law came into force on March 1, 2014, it was illegal to continue the custody of Wang Zhenhong and restriction of his personal freedom and the organ liable for compensation should assume the liability of state compensation. Therefore, the compensation committee of the Higher People's Court of Hebei Province decided to pay Wang Zhenhong CNY55,809.04 as compensation for restriction of personal freedom and CNY10,000 as consolation money for mental distress; and within the scope of impacts of the infringing acts, the Intermediate People's Court of Qinhuangdao City should eliminate adverse impacts on Wang Zhenhong, restore his reputation, and extend a formal apology to him. 河北省高级人民法院赔偿委员会认为,赔偿请求人王振宏抽逃出资案二审期间,因全国人大常委会对公司法作出修改,由原来的注册资本实缴登记制改为认缴登记制,导致刑法一百九十五条抽逃出资罪的含义发生变化,故二审法院认为王振宏的行为不再构成抽逃出资罪,并改判其无罪。修改后的公司法于2014年3月1日起施行,此前依据相关法律规定对抽逃出资行为进行追诉并对行为人采取羁押措施的,属于国家赔偿法十九条第三项和刑事诉讼法规定的法定免责情形,对此国家不承担赔偿责任。虽然《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于〈中华人民共和国刑法〉第一百五十八条、第一百五十九条的解释》于2014年4月24日发布和实施,但因全国人大常委会在作出修改公司法的决定时已经为有关法律规定的实施预留了时间,故对于因公司法修改而不再符合抽逃出资罪构成要件的行为人继续羁押的,已经丧失法律依据,属于错误羁押侵犯人身自由的情形。修改后的公司法于2014年3月1日施行后,继续对王振宏羁押限制人身自由的行为已属违法,赔偿义务机关应对此承担国家赔偿责任。遂决定,赔偿王振宏人身自由赔偿金55809.04元;精神损害抚慰金10000元;由秦皇岛市中级人民法院在侵权行为影响的范围内,为王振宏消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉。
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