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Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co. v. Kunming Branch of Harbin Fucheng Catering Co. Ltd. (A case of dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and unfair competition)
河北三河福成養牛集團總公司訴哈爾濱福成飲食有限公司昆明分公司侵犯注冊商標專用權及不正當競爭糾紛案
【法寶引證碼】
 
  

Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co. v. Kunming Branch of Harbin Fucheng Catering Co. Ltd.
(A case of dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and unfair competition)

Judgment Summary
1.Under Item 1 of Article 1 of theInterpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of Lawsconcerning Hearing of Cases Involving Trademarks Civil Disputes, use of charactersidentical with or similar to others' registered trademark as the name of anenterprise that can easily mislead relevant public shall be held as a conduct causingdamage to the right to the exclusive use of others' registered trademark. UnderParagraph 2 of Article 7 of the Opinions of the State Trademark Office onSeveral Issues concerning the Protection of Service Trademarks, other people'snormal use of a customary mark in the service sector and the normal use oftrade name, individual name, name of geographic location and the site where theservice is provided to present the attributes of the service and introduce theservice items, does not constitute infringement upon the right to the exclusiveuse of the service trademark, except for acts with the obvious purpose ofunfair competition. According to the provisions stated above, an enterpriseshall comply with the principle of good faith when it uses characters identicalwith or similar to others' registered trademark as its trade name on similar oridentical products. Where the actor takes advantage of others' famous trademarkwith the purpose of causing confusion of relevant public about the recognitionon relevant products and arbitrarily simplifies its trade name and used on itsproduct, such act shall be held as acts of infringement upon the right to theexclusive use of others' registered trademark
2. under Article 5 of the Anti-unfairCompetition Law, an operator may not take the following unfair approaches inmarket transactions to the detriment of competitors: (1) counterfeiting others'registered trademark; (2) using without authorization the unique name, packageor decoration of a famous product, or using a name, package or decoration whichis similar to that of a famous product, so as to confuse its product withothers' famous product and make consumers falsely identify its product as thefamous product……”.  Under the provisionsstated above, using without authorization the unique name, package ordecoration of a famous product, or using a name, package or decoration which issimilar to that of a famous product to confuse its product with others' famousproduct and make consumers falsely identify its product as the famous product shallbe held as unfair competition conduct.

BASIC FACTS
Plaintiff: Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co., domiciled at Xingrong Village, Sanhe City, Hebei Province.
Legal representative: Li Gaoqi, chairman of the board of this company.
Defendant: Kunming Branch of Harbin Fucheng Catering Co., Ltd. domiciled at Chajie Street, Kunming City, Yunnan Province.
Person in charge: Chen Mengdi, manager of this branch.
The plaintiff, Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co. (referred to as Sanhe Fucheng Co.) filed a lawsuit with the Intermediate People's Court of Kunming City, Yunnan Province for the dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and for the unfair competition conducted by the defendant, Harbin Fucheng Catering Co., Ltd (referred to as Kunming Fucheng Co.).
The plaintiff, Sanhe Fucheng Co. alleged that: Sanhe Fucheng Co. obtained No.1344801 certificate of trademark registration issued by State Trademark Office in 1999 and enjoyed the right to the exclusive use of “Fucheng” on services such as restaurants and hotels, etc. The defendant, Kunming Fucheng Co. distinctively used the characters “Fucheng” without permission of the plaintiff, Sanhe Fucheng Co. in the advertisement words on the front, left and upper part of the door of the business place, the internal food-ordering cards, the advertisement documents pasted inside the store and the distributed leaflets, and used the name and special decoration of the well-known service “Fucheng Beef Hotpot” of Sanhe Fucheng Co. without authorization, which were serious enough to mislead and confuse the relevant public, and thus infringed the right to the exclusive use of the registered trademark of Sanhe Fucheng Co. and constituted unfair competition. The plaintiff required the court to order Kunming Fucheng Co. to stop the use of the enterprise name with the characters “Fucheng”, immediately stop the various advertisement and propaganda with the characters “Fucheng”, replace the propaganda signboards with the characters “Fucheng” and eliminate the adverse effects, make an apology to Sanhe Fucheng Co. on Kunming Daily and compensate Sanhe Fucheng Co. 200,000 yuan for the economic losses it had suffered.
......

 

河北三河福成養牛集團總公司訴哈爾濱福成飲食有限公司昆明分公司侵犯注冊商標專用權及不正當競爭糾紛案
【裁判摘要】
一、根據最高人民法院《關于審理商標民事糾紛案件適用法律若幹問題的解釋》第一條第(一)項的規定,將與他人注冊商標相同或相近似的文字作為企業的字號在相同或者類似商品上突出使用,容易使相關公眾產生誤認的屬于給他人注冊商標專用權造成損害的行為。根據國家商標局《關于保護服務商標若幹問題的意見》第七條第二款的規定,他人正常使用服務行業慣用標志,以及正常方式使用商號(字號)、姓名、地名、服務場所名稱,表示服務特點,對服務事項進行說明等不構成侵犯服務商標專用權行為,但具有明顯不正當競爭意圖的除外。根據上述規定,企業將與他人注冊商標相同或相近似的文字作為字號在相同或者類似商品上使用時應遵循誠實信用原則。行為人以攀附他人知名商標,混淆相關公眾對于相關商品的認知為目的,隨意簡化自己的商號在商品上使用的,屬于侵犯他人注冊商標專用權的行為。
二、反不正當競爭法五條規定:“經營者不得采用下列不正當手段從事市場交易,損害競爭對手:(一)假冒他人的注冊商標;(二)擅自使用知名商品特有的名稱、包裝、裝璜,或者使用與知名商品近似的名稱、包裝、裝璜,造成和他人的知名商品相混淆,使購買者誤認為是該知名商品;……”根據上述規定,擅自使用他人知名商品特有的名稱、包裝、裝潢,或者使用與他人知名商品近似的名稱、包裝、裝潢,造成和他人的知名商品相混淆,使消費者誤認為是該知名商品的行為屬不正當競爭行為。
原告:河北三河福成養牛集團總公司。
法定代表人:李高起,該公司董事長。
被告:哈爾濱福成飲食有限公司昆明分公司。
負責人:陳夢迪,該分公司經理。
原告河北三河福成養牛集團總公司 (以下簡稱三河福成公司)因與被告哈爾濱福成飲食有限公司昆明分公司(以下簡稱昆明福成公司)發生侵犯注冊商標專用權及不正當競爭糾紛,向雲南省昆明市中級人民法院提起訴訟。
原告三河福成公司訴稱:三河福成公司于1999年獲得國家商標局頒發的第 1344801號商標注冊證書,對餐館、旅館等服務項目享有“福成”注冊商標專用權。被告昆明福成公司未經原告許可,在其經營場所店門的正面、左側和上方的廣告宣傳文字、店內定餐卡、店內張貼的廣告宣傳資料和散發的宣傳單中突出使用三河福成公司的注冊商標文字“福成”,並擅自使用三河福成公司知名服務“福成肥牛火鍋”的名稱和特有裝潢,足以使相關公眾產生混淆和誤認,侵犯三河福成公司注冊商標專用權,並構成不正當競爭。請求法院判令昆明福成公司停止使用帶有“福成”文字的企業名稱,立即停止帶有“福成”文字的各類廣告宣傳,更換帶有“福成”文字的宣傳招牌,消除影響,在《昆明日報》上向三河福成公司賠禮道歉,並賠償三河福成公司經濟損失人民幣20萬元。
被告昆明福成公司辯稱:第一、涉案第 1344801號注冊商標已于2003年4月7日由原告三河福成公司轉讓給案外人河北三河福成養牛有限公司,該公司現已被注銷,三河福成公司不具備適格的訴訟主體資格,無權提起訴訟。第二、昆明福成公司的行為並不會導致相關公眾產生混淆和誤認。“福成”作為昆明福成公司的企業字號,早在1997年12月就通過了工商行政機關的核准登記,本公司完全是合法使用自己的字號,不侵犯他人的注冊商標專用權,也不構成不正當競爭。請求法院駁回三河福成公司的訴訟請求。
昆明市中級人民法院一審審理查明:
原告三河福成公司系主營畜牧養殖與經營相關服務項目的企業。1999年12月 14日,三河福成公司獲得第1344801號注冊商標專用權。該商標系漢字、拼音加圖形的組合商標(上部為漢字“福成”,下部為漢語拼音fucheng加牛頭形圖案)。該商標核定服務項目為餐館、旅館和動物養殖。三河福成公司開始經營以肥牛為主的火鍋餐飲業,並進行連鎖加盟經營,在這些經營場所的牌匾、店門抬頭上使用了該注冊商標,在商標旁則配合標明“福成肥牛”、“福成”、“福成肥牛城”和“福成肥牛海鮮城”等文字。2003年5月21日,三河福成公司將該注冊商標轉讓給案外人河北三河福成養牛有限公司。2004年8月18日,三河福成養牛有限公司與三河福成公司簽訂注冊商標使用許可合同,約定三河福成公司獲得獨占使用第1344801號注冊商標及單獨提起維權訴訟的權利。同日雙方還簽訂一份授權委托書,重申三河福成公司取得的上述權利。
被告昆明福成公司系哈爾濱福成飲食有限公司(以下簡稱哈爾濱福成公司)的分支機構。哈爾濱福成公司登記成立于1999年6月10日,經營範圍為餐飲和煙酒零售,其同樣經營以肥牛為主的火鍋餐飲業,並且也開始進行連鎖經營。昆明福成公司在其經營場所外懸掛的牌匾上標明“福成火鍋”文字,在店外牆面上標明“福成肥牛火鍋”文字,在其宣傳材料和訂餐卡上寫有“福成肥牛火鍋昆明旗艦店”文字以及哈爾濱福成公司的企業介紹。

一審爭議焦點為:1.原告三河福成公司是否為適格原告;2.被告昆明福成公司實施的行為屬于在合理使用範圍內對企業名稱的正當使用,還是屬于侵犯他人注冊商標權。

昆明市中級人民法院一審認為:
一、關于原告三河福成公司是否為適格原告的問題。《中華人民共和國商標法》 (以下簡稱商標法)第五十三條規定:“有本法第五十二條所列侵犯注冊商標專用權行為之一,引起糾紛的,由當事人協商解決;不願協商或者協商不成的,商標注冊人或者利害關系人可以向人民法院起訴,也可以請求工商行政管理部門處理。……”最高人民法院《關于審理商標民事糾紛案件適用法律若幹問題的解釋》第四條規定:“商標法五十三條規定的利害關系人,包括注冊商標使用許可合同的被許可人、注冊商標財產權利的合法繼承人等。在發生注冊商標專用權被侵害時,獨占使用許可合同的被許可人可以向人民法院提起訴訟;排他使用許可合同的被許可人可以和商標注冊人共同起訴,也可以在商標注冊人不起訴的情況下,自行提起訴訟;普通使用許可合同的被許可人經商標注冊人明確授權,可以提起訴訟。”根據上述規定,注冊商標的利害關系人享有相應的訴權,利害關系人的範圍包括注冊商標許可使用合同的被許可人,獨占使用許可合同的被許可人可以向人民法院提起訴訟。三河福成公司系涉案注冊商標獨占使用許可合同的被許可人,是本案適格原告。
二、關于被告昆明福成公司實施的行為是屬于在合理使用範圍內對企業名稱的正當使用,還是屬于侵犯他人注冊商標權的問題。
首先,根據《中華人民共和國民法通則》第九十九條之規定,法人享有名稱權。本案中,被告昆明福成公司企業名稱權取得時間先于原告三河福成公司第1344801號注冊商標專用權取得的時間。注冊商標專用權和企業名稱權均屬受法律保護的民事權利,不論注冊商標專用權還是企業名稱權,權利人在行使的時候都應遵循誠實信用原則,避免因不當使用而造成權利沖突。
第二,根據《中華人民共和國公司法》第十四條的規定,設立分公司是法人的合法權利,哈爾濱福成公司登記設立被告昆明福成公司作為其分支機構,並在該分支機構名稱中使用涉案企業名稱並無不當,原告三河福成公司要求昆明福成公司停止使用帶有“福成”文字的企業名稱沒有法律依據。
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