| | *注：本篇法规已被修订，新法规名称为《中华人民共和国刑法》（发布日期：1997年3月14日 实施日期：1997年10月1日）
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CRIMINAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on July 1, 1979, promulgated by Order No.5 of the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on July 6, 1979, and effective as of January 1,1980)
CONTENTS
PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER I THE GUIDING IDEOLOGY, TASKS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL LAW
CHAPTER II CRIMES
SECTION 1 CRIMES AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR A CRIME, CRIMINAL ATTEMPT AND DISCONTINUATION OF A CRIME
SECTION 3 JOINT CRIMES
CHAPTER III PUNISHMENTS
SECTION 1 TYPES OF PUNISHMENTS
SECTION 2 PUBLIC SURVEILLANCE
SECTION 3 CRIMINAL DETENTION
SECTION 4 FIXED-TERM IMPRISONMENT AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT
SECTION 5 THE DEATH PENALTY
SECTION 6 FINES
SECTION 7 DEPRIVATION OF POLITICAL RIGHTS
SECTION 8 CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY
CHAPTER IV THE CONCRETE APPLICATION OF PUNISHMENTS
SECTION 1 SENTENCING
SECTION 2 RECIDIVISTS
SECTION 3 VOLUNTARY SURRENDER
SECTION 4 COMBINED PUNISHMENT FOR SEVERAL CRIMES
SECTION 5 SUSPENSION OF SENTENCE
SECTION 6 COMMUTATION OF PUNISHMENT
SECTION 7 PAROLE
SECTION 8 LIMITATION
CHAPTER V OTHER PROVISIONS
PART TWO SPECIFIC PROVISIONS
CHAPTER I CRIMES OF COUNTERREVOLUTION
CHAPTER II CRIMES OF ENDANGERING PUBLIC SECURITY
CHAPTER III CRIMES OF UNDERMINING THE SOCIALIST ECONOMIC ORDER
CHAPTER IV CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON THE RIGHTS OF THE PERSON AND THE DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS OF CITIZENS
CHAPTER V CRIMES OF PROPERTY VIOLATION
CHAPTER VI CRIMES OF OBSTRUCTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC ORDER
CHAPTER VII CRIMES OF DISRUPTING MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY
CHAPTER VIII CRIMES OF DERELICTION OF DUTY
| | 中华人民共和国刑法
（一九七九年七月一日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过
一九七九年七月六日全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长令第五号公布
一九八０年一月一日起施行）
目 录
第一编 总 则
第一章 刑法的指导思想、任务和适用范围
第二章 犯罪
第一节 犯罪和刑事责任
第二节 犯罪的预备、未遂和中止
第三节 共同犯罪
第三章 刑罚
第一节 刑罚的种类
第二节 管制
第三节 拘役
第四节 有期徒刑、无期徒刑
第五节 死刑
第六节 罚金
第七节 剥夺政治权利
第八节 没收财产
第四章 刑罚的具体运用
第一节 量刑
第二节 累犯
第三节 自首
第四节 数罪并罚
第五节 缓刑
第六节 减刑
第七节 假释
第八节 时效
第五章 其他规定
第二编 分则
第一章 反革命罪
第二章 危害公共安全罪
第三章 破坏社会主义经济秩序罪
第四章 侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪
第五章 侵犯财产罪
第六章 妨害社会管理秩序罪
第七章 妨害婚姻、家庭罪
第八章 渎职罪
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PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS
| | 第一编 总 则 |
CHAPTER I THE GUIDING IDEOLOGY, TASKS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE CRIMINAL LAW
| | 第一章 刑法的指导思想、任务和适用范围 |
Article 1. The Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China,
which takes Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought as its guide and the
Constitution as its basis, is formulated in accordance with the
policy of combining punishment with leniency and in the light of the
actual circumstances and concrete experiences of the people of all
China's nationalities in carrying out the people's democratic
dictatorship, led by the proletariat and based on the
worker-peasant alliance, that is, the dictatorship of the
proletariat, and in conducting the socialist revolution and
socialist construction.
| | 第一条 中华人民共和国刑法，以马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想为指针，以宪法为根据，依照惩办与宽大相结合的政策，结合我国各族人民实行无产阶级领导的、工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政即无产阶级专政和进行社会主义革命、社会主义建设的具体经验及实际情况制定。
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Article 2. The tasks of the Criminal Law of the People's
Republic of China are to use criminal punishments to
fight against all counterrevolutionary and other criminal acts in
order to defend the system of the dictatorship of the proletariat; to
protect socialist property owned by the whole people and socialist
property collectively owned by the working people; to protect the
citizens' privately owned lawful property; to protect the citizens,
rights of the person and their democratic and other rights; to
maintain public order and order in production, education, scientific
research and other work and in the life of the masses; and to
safeguard the smooth progress of the cause of the socialist
revolution and socialist construction.
| | 第二条 中华人民共和国刑法的任务，是用刑罚同一切反革命和其他刑事犯罪行为作斗争，以保卫无产阶级专政制度，保护社会主义的全民所有的财产和劳动群众集体所有的财产，保护公民私人所有的合法财产，保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，维护社会秩序、生产秩序、工作秩序、教学科研秩序和人民群众生活秩序，保障社会主义革命和社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。
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Article 3. This Law is applicable to anyone who commits a crime
within the territory of the People's Republic of China, unless the
case is covered by special legal provisions.
This Law is also applicable to anyone who commits a crime on board
a ship or airplane of the People's Republic of China.
If the criminal act or its consequence takes place within the
territory of the People's Republic of China, the crime shall be
deemed to have been committed within the territory of the People's
Republic of China.
| | 第三条 凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的，除法律有特别规定的以外，都适用本法。
凡在中华人民共和国船舶或者飞机内犯罪的，也适用本法。
犯罪的行为或者结果有一项发生在中华人民共和国领域内的，就认为是在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪。
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Article 4. This Law is applicable to the citizens of the
People's Republic of China who commit any of the following
crimes outside the territory of the People's Republic of China:
(1) counterrevolution;
(2) counterfeiting national currency (Article 122) and
counterfeiting valuable securities (Article 123);
(3) embezzlement (Article 155), accepting bribes (Article
185) and divulging state secrets (Article 186); and
(4) posing as a state functionary to practise fraud (Article
166) and forging official documents, certificates and seals (Article
167).
| | 第四条 中华人民共和国公民在中华人民共和国领域外犯下列各罪的，适用本法：
（一）反革命罪；
（二）伪造国家货币罪（第一百二十二条），伪造有价证券罪（第一百二十三条）；
（三）贪污罪（第一百五十五条），受贿罪（第一百八十五条），泄露国家机密罪（第一百八十六条）；
（四）冒充国家工作人员招摇撞骗罪（第一百六十六条），伪造公文、证件、印章罪（第一百六十七条）。
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Article 5. This Law is also applicable to any citizen of the
People's Republic of China who commits a crime outside the territory
of the People's Republic of China that is not specified in the
preceding Article, if for that crime this Law prescribes a
minimum punishment of fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
three years; however, this does not apply to a crime that is not
punishable according to the law of the place where it was committed.
| | 第五条 中华人民共和国公民在中华人民共和国领域外犯前条以外的罪，而按本法规定的最低刑为三年以上有期徒刑的，也适用本法；但是按照犯罪地的法律不受处罚的除外。
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Article 6. This Law may be applicable to any foreigner who
commits a crime outside the territory of the People's Republic of
China, against the state of the People's Republic of China or
against its citizens, if for that crime this Law prescribes a
minimum punishment of fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
three years; however, this does not apply to a crime that is not
punishable according to the law of the place where it was committed.
| | 第六条 外国人在中华人民共和国领域外对中华人民共和国国家或者公民犯罪，而按本法规定的最低刑为三年以上有期徒刑的，可以适用本法；但是按照犯罪地的法律不受处罚的除外。
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Article 7. If any person commits a crime outside the territory
of the People's Republic of China for which according to this Law
he would bear criminal responsibility, he may still be dealt with
according to this Law, even if he has already been tried in a foreign
country. However, if he has already received criminal punishment in
the foreign country, he may be exempted from punishment or given a
mitigated punishment.
| | 第七条 凡在中华人民共和国领域外犯罪、依照本法应当负刑事责任的，虽然经过外国审判，仍然可以依照本法处理；但是在外国已经受过刑罚处罚的，可以免除或者减轻处罚。
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Article 8. The problem of the criminal responsibility of
foreigners who enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities shall
be resolved through diplomatic channels.
| | 第八条 享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人的刑事责任问题，通过外交途径解决。
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Article 9. This Law shall enter into force on January 1, 1980.
If an act committed after the founding of the People's Republic
of China and before the entry into force of this law was not deemed
a crime under the laws, decrees and policies in force at the time,
those laws, decrees and policies shall apply. If the act was deemed a
crime under the laws, decrees and policies in force at that time and
is subject to prosecution under the provisions of SECTION 8, CHAPTER
IV of the General Provisions of this Law, criminal responsibility
shall be investigated according to those laws, decrees and
policies. However, if this Law does not deem it a crime or imposes
a lighter punishment, this Law shall apply.
| | 第九条 本法自一九八０年一月一日起生效。中华人民共和国成立以后本法施行以前的行为，如果当时的法律、法令、政策不认为是犯罪的，适用当时的法律、法令、政策。如果当时的法律、法令、 政策认为是犯罪的，依照本法总则第四章第八节的规定应当追诉的，按照当时的法律、法令、政策追究刑事责任。但是，如果本法不认为是犯罪或者处刑较轻的，适用本法。
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CHAPTER II CRIMES
| | 第二章 犯罪 |
SECTION 1 CRIMES AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
| | 第一节 犯罪和刑事责任 |
Article 10. A crime refers to an act that endangers the
sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state; endangers
the system of the dictatorship of the proletariat; undermines
the socialist revolution and socialist construction; disrupts public
order; violates property owned by the whole people or collectively
owned by the working people; violates the citizens' privately owned
lawful property or infringes upon the citizens' rights of the person
and their democratic and other rights; and any other act that
endangers society and is punishable according to law. However, an act
that is clearly of minor importance and little harm shall not be
considered a crime.
| | 第十条 一切危害国家主权和领土完整，危害无产阶级专政制度， 破坏社会主义革命和社会主义建设，破坏社会秩序，侵犯全民所有的财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产，侵犯公民私人所有的合法财产，侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，以及其他危害社会的行为，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的，都是犯罪；但是情节显著轻微危害不大的，不认为是犯罪。
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Article 11. An intentional crime refers to a crime
committed by a person who clearly knows that his act will
produce socially dangerous consequences but who wishes or allows such
consequences to occur.
Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes.
| | 第十一条 明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生，因而构成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。
故意犯罪，应当负刑事责任。
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Article 12. A negligent crime refers to a crime committed by a
person who should have foreseen that his act would possibly
produce socially dangerous consequences but who fails to do so through
negligence or, having foreseen the consequences, readily believes
that they can be avoided, the result being that these consequences do
occur.
Criminal responsibility shall be borne for negligent crimes only
when the law so provides.
| | 第十二条 应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果，因为疏忽大意而没有预见，或者已经预见而轻信能够避免，以致发生这种结果的，是过失犯罪。
过失犯罪，法律有规定的才负刑事责任。
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Article 13. If an act in fact results in harmful consequences
due to unavoidable or unforeseeable causes rather than intent or
negligence, it shall not be deemed a crime.
| | 第十三条 行为在客观上虽然造成了损害结果， 但是不是出于故意或者过失，而是由于不能抗拒或者不能预见的原因所引起的，不认为是犯罪。
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Article 14. Any person who has reached the age of 16 and who
commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.
Any person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 16
and who commits homicide, inflicting serious bodily injury,
robbery, arson, habitual theft or any other crime seriously
undermining social order shall bear criminal responsibility.
Any person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 18
and who commits a crime shall be given a lighter or mitigated
punishment.
If a person is not punished because he has not reached the age of
16, the head of his family or his guardian shall be ordered to
discipline and educate him. When necessary, he may also be taken in
by the government for re-education.
| | 第十四条 已满十六岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事责任。
已满十四岁不满十六岁的人，犯杀人、重伤、抢劫、放火、惯窃罪或者其他严重破坏社会秩序罪，应当负刑事责任。
已满十四岁不满十八岁的人犯罪，应当从轻或者减轻处罚。
因不满十六岁不处罚的，责令他的家长或者监护人加以管教；在必要的时候，也可以由政府收容教养。
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Article 15. If a mental patient causes dangerous consequences at
a time when he is unable to recognize or control his own conduct,
he shall not bear criminal responsibility, but his family members or
guardian shall be ordered to keep him under strict surveillance and
arrange for his medical treatment.
Any person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature
shall bear criminal responsibility if he commits a crime when he is in
a normal mental state.
Any intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear
criminal responsibility.
| | 第十五条 精神病人在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果的，不负刑事责任；但是应当责令他的家属或者监护人严加看管和医疗。
间歇性的精神病人在精神正常的时候犯罪，应当负刑事责任。
醉酒的人犯罪，应当负刑事责任。
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Article 16. Any deaf-mute or blind person who commits a crime
may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from
punishment.
| | 第十六条 又聋又哑的人或者盲人犯罪，可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚。
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Article 17. Criminal responsibility shall not be borne for an
act that a person undertakes in justifiable defence to avert an
immediate and unlawful infringement of the public interest or of
his own or another person's rights of the person or other rights.
Criminal responsibility shall be borne if justifiable defence
exceeds the limits of necessity and causes undue harm; however,
consideration shall be given to a mitigated punishment or exemption
from punishment.
| | 第十七条 为了使公共利益、本人或者他人的人身和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的正当防卫行为，不负刑事责任。
正当防卫超过必要限度造成不应有的危害的，应当负刑事责任；但是应当酌情减轻或者免除处罚。
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Article 18. Criminal responsibility shall not be borne for an
act that a person is compelled to commit in an emergency to
avert an immediate danger to the public interest or to his own or
another person's rights of the person or other rights.
Criminal responsibility shall be borne if an act committed in an
emergency to avert danger exceeds the limits of necessity and
causes undue harm; however, consideration shall be given to a
mitigated punishment or exemption from punishment.
The provisions of the first paragraph of this Article with
respect to averting danger to oneself shall not apply to a person who
is charged with specific responsibility in his post or profession.
| | 第十八条 为了使公共利益、本人或者他人的人身和其他权利免受正在发生的危险，不得已采取的紧急避险行为，不负刑事责任。
紧急避险超过必要限度造成不应有的危害的，应当负刑事责任；但是应当酌情减轻或者免除处罚。
第一款中关于避免本人危险的规定，不适用于职务上、业务上负有特定责任的人。
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SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR A CRIME, CRIMINAL ATTEMPT AND
DISCONTINUATION OF A CRIME
| | 第二节 犯罪的预备、未遂和中止 |
Article 19. Preparation for a crime refers to the preparation
of the instruments or the creation of the conditions for a crime.
An offender who prepares for a crime may, in comparison with
one who completed the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated
punishment or be exempted from punishment.
| | 第十九条 为了犯罪，准备工具、制造条件的，是犯罪预备。
对于预备犯，可以比照既遂犯从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
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Article 20. A criminal attempt refers to a case where an
offender has already begun to commit a crime but is prevented from
completing it for reasons independent of his will.
An offender who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with
one who completed the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
| | 第二十条 已经着手实行犯罪， 由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的， 是犯罪未遂。
对于未遂犯，可以比照既遂犯从轻或者减轻处罚。
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Article 21. Discontinuation of a crime refers to cases where,
in the process of committing a crime, the offender voluntarily
discontinues the crime or voluntarily and effectively prevents the
consequences of the crime from occurring.
An offender who discontinues a crime shall be exempted from
punishment or be given a mitigated punishment.
| | 第二十一条 在犯罪过程中，自动中止犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的，是犯罪中止。
对于中止犯，应当免除或者减轻处罚。
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SECTION 3 JOINT CRIMES
| | 第三节 共同犯罪 |
Article 22. A joint crime refers to an intentional crime
committed by two or more persons jointly.
A negligent crime committed by two or more persons jointly shall
not be punished as a joint crime; those who should bear criminal
responsibility shall be individually punished according to the crimes
they have committed.
| | 第二十二条 共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。
二人以上共同过失犯罪，不以共同犯罪论处；应当负刑事责任的，按照他们所犯的罪分别处罚。
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Article 23. A principal criminal refers to any person who
organizes and leads a criminal group in carrying out criminal
activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.
A principal criminal shall be given a heavier punishment unless
otherwise stipulated in the Specific Provisions of this Law.
| | 第二十三条 组织、领导犯罪集团进行犯罪活动的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的，是主犯。
对于主犯，除本法分则已有规定的以外，应当从重处罚。
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Article 24. An accomplice refers to any person who plays a
secondary or auxiliary role in a joint crime.
An accomplice shall, in comparison with a principal criminal, be
given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
| | 第二十四条 在共同犯罪中起次要或者辅助作用的，是从犯。
对于从犯，应当比照主犯从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
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Article 25. A person who is compelled or induced to
participate in a crime shall, according to the circumstances of his
crime and in comparison with an accomplice, be given a mitigated
punishment or be exempted from punishment.
| | 第二十五条 对于被胁迫、被诱骗参加犯罪的，应当按照他的犯罪情节，比照从犯减轻处罚或者免除处罚。
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Article 26. A person who instigates others to commit a crime
shall be punished according to the role he has played in the joint
crime. Anyone who instigates a person under the age of 18 to commit a
crime shall be given a heavier punishment.
If the instigated person has not committed the instigated
crime, the instigator may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
| | 第二十六条 教唆他人犯罪的，应当按照他在共同犯罪中所起的作用处罚。教唆不满十八岁的人犯罪的，应当从重处罚。
如果被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪，对于教唆犯，可以从轻或者减轻处罚。
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CHAPTER III PUNISHMENTS
| | 第三章 刑罚 |
SECTION 1 TYPES OF PUNISHMENTS
| | 第一节 刑罚的种类 |
Article 27. Punishments are divided into principal
punishments and supplementary punishments.
| | 第二十七条 刑罚分为主刑和附加刑。
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Article 28. The principal punishments are as follows:
(1) Public surveillance;
(2) Criminal detention;
(3) Fixed-term imprisonment;
(4) Life imprisonment; and
(5) The death penalty.
| | 第二十八条 主刑的种类如下：
（一）管制；
（二）拘役；
（三）有期徒刑；
（四）无期徒刑；
（五）死刑。
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Article 29. The supplementary punishments are as follows:
(1) Fines;
(2) Deprivation of political rights; and
(3) Confiscation of property.
Supplementary punishments may be imposed independently.
| | 第二十九条 附加刑的种类如下：
（一）罚金；
（二）剥夺政治权利；
（三）没收财产。
附加刑也可以独立适用。
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Article 30. Deportation may be imposed independently or
supplementarily to a foreigner who commits a crime.
| | 第三十条 对于犯罪的外国人，可以独立适用或者附加适用驱逐出境。
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Article 31. If a victim has suffered economic losses as a
result of a crime, the criminal shall, in addition to receiving a
criminal sanction according to law, be sentenced to make compensation
for the economic losses in the light of the circumstances.
| | 第三十一条 由于犯罪行为而使被害人遭受经济损失的，对犯罪分子除依法给予刑事处分外，并应根据情况判处赔偿经济损失。
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Article 32. If the circumstances of a person's crime are minor
and do not require punishment, he may be exempted from criminal
sanctions; however, he may, according to the different
circumstances of each case, be reprimanded or ordered to make a
statement of repentance, offer an apology, pay compensation for the
losses or be subject to administrative sanctions by the competent
department.
| | 第三十二条 对于犯罪情节轻微不需要判处刑罚的， 可以免予刑事处分， 但可以根据案件的不同情况，予以训诫或者责令具结悔过、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失，或者由主管部门予以行政处分。
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SECTION 2 PUBLIC SURVEILLANCE
| | 第二节 管 制 |
Article 33. The term of public surveillance shall not be
less than three months and not more than two years.
Public surveillance shall be decided by the judgment of a people's
court and executed by a public security organ.
| | 第三十三条 管制的期限，为三个月以上二年以下。
管制由人民法院判决，由公安机关执行。
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Article 34. A criminal who is sentenced to public
surveillance must observe the following rules during the term in
which his sentence is being executed:
(1) observe laws and decrees, submit to supervision by the
masses and actively participate in collective productive labour or work;
(2) report regularly on his own activities to the organ
executing the public surveillance; and
(3) report and obtain approval from the organ executing the
public surveillance for any change in residence or departure from the
area.
Criminals sentenced to public surveillance shall, while engaged in
labour, receive equal pay for equal work.
| | 第三十四条 被判处管制的犯罪分子，在执行期间，必须遵守下列规定：
（一）遵守法律、法令，服从群众监督，积极参加集体劳动生产或者工作；
（二）向执行机关定期报告自已的活动情况；
（三）迁居或者外出必须报经执行机关批准。
对于被判处管制的犯罪分子，在劳动中应当同工同酬。
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Article 35. Upon the expiration of a term of public
surveillance, the executing organ shall immediately announce the
termination of public surveillance to the criminal sentenced to
public surveillance and to the masses concerned.
| | 第三十五条 被判处管制的犯罪分子，管制期满，执行机关应即向本人和有关的群众宣布解除管制。
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Article 36. A term of public surveillance shall be counted
from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is
held in custody before the execution of the judgment, each day
spent in custody shall be considered as two days of the term sentenced.
| | 第三十六条 管制的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算；判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期二日。
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SECTION 3 CRIMINAL DETENTION
| | 第三节 拘 役 |
Article 37. A term of criminal detention shall not be less than
15 days and not more than 6 months.
| | 第三十七条 拘役的期限，为十五日以上六个月以下。
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Article 38. Where a criminal is sentenced to criminal
detention, his sentence shall be executed by the public security organ
in the vicinity.
During the period of execution, a criminal sentenced to criminal
detention may go home for one to two days each month; an appropriate
remuneration may be given to those who participate in labour.
| | 第三十八条 被判处拘役的犯罪分子，由公安机关就近执行。
在执行期间，被判处拘役的犯罪分子每月可以回家一天至两天；参加劳动的，可以酌量发给报酬。
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Article 39. A term of criminal detention shall be counted from
the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is
held in custody before the execution of the judgment, each day
in custody shall be considered as one day of the term sentenced.
| | 第三十九条 拘役的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算；判决以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期一日。
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SECTION 4 FIXED-TERM IMPRISONMENT AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT
| | 第四节 有期徒刑、无期徒刑 |
Article 40. A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall not be less
than 6 months and not more than 15 years.
| | 第四十条 有期徒刑的期限，为六个月以上十五年以下。
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Article 41. A criminal sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
or life imprisonment shall serve his sentence in prison or another
place for reform through labour. Anyone who is able to work shall
undergo reform through
labour.
| | 第四十一条 被判处有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子，在监狱或者其他劳动改造场所执行；凡有劳动能力的，实行劳动改造。
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Article 42. A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall be counted
from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is
held in custody before the execution of the judgment, each day
in custody shall be considered as one day of the term sentenced.
| | 第四十二条 有期徒刑的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算；判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期一日。
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SECTION 5 THE DEATH PENALTY
| | 第五节 死 刑 |
Article 43. The death penalty shall only be applied to
criminals who have committed the most heinous crimes. If the
immediate execution of a criminal punishable be death is not deemed
necessary, a two-year suspension of execution may be pronounced
simultaneously with the imposition of the death sentence; the
criminal shall undergo reform through labour and the results shall be
observed.
All death sentences except for those that according to law
should be decided by the Supreme People's Court, shall be submitted
to the Supreme People's Court for approval. Death sentences with a
suspension of execution may be decided or approved by a higher people's
court.
| | 第四十三条 死刑只适用于罪大恶极的犯罪分子。 对于应当判处死刑的犯罪分子， 如果不是必须立即执行的，可以判处死刑同时宣告缓期二年执行，实行劳动改造， 以观后效。
死刑除依法由最高人民法院判决的以外，都应当报请最高人民法院核准。死刑缓期执行的，可以由高级人民法院判决或者核准。
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Article 44. The death penalty shall not be imposed on persons
who had not reached the age of 18 at the time the crime was
committed or to women who are pregnant at the time of trial. Persons
who had reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18 may be
sentenced to death with a two-year suspension of execution if the
crime committed was particularly serious.
| | 第四十四条 犯罪的时候不满十八岁的人和审判的时候怀孕的妇女，不适用死刑。已满十六岁不满十八岁的，如果所犯罪行特别严重，可以判处死刑缓期二年执行。
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Article 45. The death penalty shall be executed by means of
shooting.
| | 第四十五条 死刑用枪决的方法执行。
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Article 46. If a person sentenced to death with a
suspension of execution shows true repentance during the period
of suspension, his punishment shall be commuted to life
imprisonment upon the expiration of that two-year period; if he shows
true repentance and performs meritorious service, his punishment shall
be commuted to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 15 years and
not more than 20 years upon the expiration of that two-year period;
if it is verified that he has resisted reform in a flagrant
manner, the death penalty shall be executed upon the order or
approval of the Supreme People's Court.
| | 第四十六条 判处死刑缓期执行的，在死刑缓期执行期间，如果确有悔改，二年期满以后，减为无期徒刑；如果确有悔改并有立功表现，二年期满以后，减为十五年以上二十年以下有期徒刑；如果抗拒改造情节恶劣、查证属实的，由最高人民法院裁定或者核准，执行死刑。
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Article 47. The term of suspension of execution of a death
penalty shall be counted from the date the judgment becomes final.
The term of a fixed-term imprisonment that is commuted from a
death penalty with suspension of execution shall be counted from
the date the commutation of sentence is ordered.
| | 第四十七条 死刑缓期执行的期间，从判决确定之日起计算。死刑缓期执行减为有期徒刑的刑期，从裁定减刑之日起计算。
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SECTION 6 FINES
| | 第六节 罚 金 |
Article 48. The amount of any fine imposed shall be
determined according to the circumstances of the crime.
| | 第四十八条 判处罚金，应当根据犯罪情节决定罚金数额。
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Article 49. A fine may be paid in a lump sum or in installments
within the time limit specified in the judgment. If a fine is not
paid upon the expiration of that time limit, the payment shall be
compelled. If a person has true difficulties in paying because of
an unavoidable disaster, the fine may be reduced or remitted according
to the circumstances.
| | 第四十九条 罚金在判决指定的期限内一次或者分期缴纳。期满不缴纳的，强制缴纳。如果由于遭遇不能抗拒的灾祸缴纳确实有困难的，可以酌情减少或者免除。
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SECTION 7 DEPRIVATION OF POLITICAL RIGHTS
| | 第七节 剥夺政治权利 |
Article 50. Deprivation of political rights refers to
deprivation of the following rights:
(1) the right to vote and to stand for election;
(2) the right provided for in Article 45 of the Constitution;
(3) the right to hold a position in a state organ; and
(4) the right to hold a leading position in any enterprise,
institution or people's organization.
| | 第五十条 剥夺政治权利是剥夺下列权利：
（一）选举权和被选举权；
（二）宪法第四十五条规定的各种权利；（注）
（三）担任国家机关职务的权利；
（四）担任企业、事业单位和人民团体领导职务的权利。
|
Article 51. A term of deprivation of political rights shall not
be less than one year and not more than five years, except as
stipulated in Article 53 of this Law.
If a person sentenced to public surveillance is deprived of
political rights as a supplementary punishment, the term of
deprivation of political rights shall be the same as the term
of public surveillance, and the punishments shall be executed
simultaneously.
| | 第五十一条 剥夺政治权利的期限，除本法第五十三条规定外，为一年以上五年以下。
判处管制附加剥夺政治权利的，剥夺政治权利的期限与管制的期限相等，同时执行。
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Article 52. Counterrevolutionaries shall be sentenced to
deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment; where
necessary, criminals who seriously undermine public order may also
be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary
punishment.
| | 第五十二条 对于反革命分子应当附加剥夺政治权利；对于严重破坏社会秩序的犯罪分子，在必要的时候，也可以附加剥夺政治权利。
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Article 53. Criminals who are sentenced to death or to
life imprisonment shall be deprived of political rights for life.
If a death penalty with a suspension of execution is
commuted to a fixed-term imprisonment, or a life imprisonment is
commuted to a fixed-term imprisonment, the term of the
supplementary punishment of deprivation of political rights shall be
changed to not less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第五十三条 对于被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子，应当剥夺政治权利终身。
在死刑缓期执行减为有期徒刑或者无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的时候，应当把附加剥夺政治权利的期限改为三年以上十年以下。
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Article 54. A term of deprivation of political rights
as a supplementary punishment shall be counted from the date
on which imprisonment or criminal detention ends or from the date
on which parole begins. Deprivation of political rights shall of
course be in effect during the period in which the principal punishment
is being executed.
| | 第五十四条 附加剥夺政治权利的刑期，从徒刑、拘役执行完毕之日或者从假释之日起计算；剥夺政治权利的效力当然施用于主刑执行期间。
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SECTION 8 CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY
| | 第八节 没收财产 |
Article 55. Confiscation of property refers to the confiscation
of part or all of the property personally owned by a criminal.
When a sentence of confiscation of property is imposed, property
that the criminal's family members own or should own shall not
be subject to confiscation.
| | 第五十五条 没收财产是没收犯罪分子个人所有财产的一部或者全部。
在判处没收财产的时候，不得没收属于犯罪分子家属所有或者应有的财产。
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Article 56. If it is necessary to use a confiscated property to
repay legitimate debts that the criminal incurred before his
property is sealed under court orders, a people's court shall so
order it at the request of the creditors.
| | 第五十六条 查封财产以前犯罪分子所负的正当债务，需要以没收的财产偿还的，经债权人请求，由人民法院裁定。
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CHAPTER IV THE CONCRETE APPLICATION OF PUNISHMENTS
| | 第四章 刑罚的具体运用 |
SECTION 1 SENTENCING
| | 第一节 量 刑 |
Article 57. When sentencing a criminal, a punishment shall be
imposed based on the facts, nature and circumstances of the crime,
the degree of harm done to society and the relevant provisions of this
Law.
| | 第五十七条 对于犯罪分子决定刑罚的时候，应当根据犯罪的事实、犯罪的性质、情节和对于社会的危害程度，依照本法的有关规定判处。
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Article 58. In cases where the circumstances of a crime call
for a heavier or a lighter punishment under the provisions of
this Law, the criminal shall be sentenced to a punishment within
the limits of the prescribed punishment.
| | 第五十八条 犯罪分子具有本法规定的从重处罚、从轻处罚情节的，应当在法定刑的限度以内判处刑罚。
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Article 59. In cases where the circumstances of a crime call
for a mitigated punishment under the provisions of this Law, the
criminal shall be sentenced to a punishment less than the prescribed
punishment.
Even if the circumstances of a crime do not warrant a mitigated
punishment under the provisions of this Law, the criminal may, upon
decision of the judicial committee of a people's court, be sentenced
to a punishment less than the prescribed punishment if, according to
the particulars of the case, even the minimum prescribed punishment
would be too severe.
| | 第五十九条 犯罪分子具有本法规定的减轻处罚情节的，应当在法定刑以下判处刑罚。
犯罪分子虽然不具有本法规定的减轻处罚情节，如果根据案件的具体情况，判处法定刑的最低刑还是过重的，经人民法院审判委员会决定，也可以在法定刑以下判处刑罚。
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Article 60. All property illegally obtained by a criminal
shall be recovered, or compensation shall be ordered. Contrabands and
possessions of the criminal that were used in the crime shall be
confiscated.
| | 第六十条 犯罪分子违法所得的一切财物，应当予以追缴或者责令退赔；违禁品和供犯罪所用的本人财物，应当予以没收。
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SECTION 2 RECIDIVISTS
| | 第二节 累 犯 |
Article 61. If a criminal commits another crime
punishable by fixed-term imprisonment or heavier penalty within three
years after serving his sentence of not less than fixed-term
imprisonment or receiving a pardon, he is a recidivist and shall be
given a heavier punishment. However, this shall not apply to cases of
negligent crime.
For criminals who are paroled, the period stipulated in the
preceding paragraph shall be counted from the date the parole expires.
| | 第六十一条 被判处有期徒刑以上刑罚的犯罪分子， 刑罚执行完毕或者赦免以后， 在三年以内再犯应当判处有期徒刑以上刑罚之罪的，是累犯，应当从重处罚；但是过失犯罪除外．
前款规定的期限，对于被假释的犯罪分子，从假释期满之日起计算。
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Article 62. A counterrevolutionary who commits another
crime of counterrevolution at any time after serving his sentence
or receiving a pardon shall be dealt with as a recidivist.
| | 第六十二条 刑罚执行完毕或者赦免以后的反革命分子，在任何时候再犯反革命罪的，都以累犯论处。
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SECTION 3 VOLUNTARY SURRENDER
| | 第三节 自 首 |
Article 63. Anyone who voluntarily surrenders after committing a
crime may be given a lighter punishment. Those whose crimes are
relatively minor may be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted
from punishment; those whose crimes are relatively serious but
who have performed meritorious service may also be given a
mitigated punishment or be exempted from
punishment.
| | 第六十三条 犯罪以后自首的，可以从轻处罚。其中，犯罪较轻的，可以减轻或者免除处罚；犯罪较重的，如果有立功表现，也可以减轻或者免除处罚。
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SECTION 4 COMBINED PUNISHMENT FOR SEVERAL CRIMES
| | 第四节 数罪并罚 |
Article 64. For a criminal who commits several crimes before a
judgment is pronounced, unless he is sentenced to death or life
imprisonment, his term of punishment shall be decided in such a way
that it may not exceed the total of the terms for all the crimes
and must be longer than the maximum term for any one of the crimes,
depending on the circumstances of each case. However, the term of
public surveillance may not exceed three years, the term of
criminal detention may not exceed one year, and fixed-term
imprisonment may not exceed twenty years.
If among the crimes there are any for which a supplementary
punishment if imposed, the supplementary punishment must still be
executed.
| | 第六十四条 判决宣告以前一人犯数罪的，除判处死刑和无期徒刑的以外，应当在总和刑期以下、数刑中最高刑期以上，酌情决定执行的刑期；但是管制最高不能超过三年，拘役最高不能超过一年，有期徒刑最高不能超过二十年。
如果数罪中有判处附加刑的，附加刑仍须执行。
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Article 65. If after a judgment has been pronounced but
before the punishment has been completely executed it is discovered
that before the judgment was pronounced the criminal committed
another crime for which he was not sentenced, a judgment shall
also be rendered for the newly discovered crime; the punishment
to be executed shall be determined on the basis of the punishment to
be executed shall be determined on the basis of the punishments
imposed in the former and latter judgments and according to the
provisions of Article 64 of this Law. Any portion of the term that has
already been served shall count towards fulfilment of the term
imposed by the latest judgment.
| | 第六十五条 判决宣告以后， 刑罚还没有执行完毕以前， 发现被判刑的犯罪分子在判决宣告以前还有其他罪没有判决的，应当对新发现的罪作出判决，把前后两个判决所判处的刑罚，依照本法第六十四条的规定，决定执行的刑罚。已经执行的刑期，应当计算在新判决决定的刑期以内。
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Article 66. If after a judgment has been pronounced but
before the punishment has been completely executed the criminal again
commits a crime, another judgment shall be rendered for the
newly committed crime; the punishment to be executed shall be
decided on the basis of the punishment that remains to be executed for
the former crime and the punishment imposed for the latter crime and
according to the provisions of Article 64 of this Law.
| | 第六十六条 判决宣告以后，刑罚还没有执行完毕以前，被判刑的犯罪分子又犯罪的，应当对新犯的罪作出判决，把前罪没有执行的刑罚和后罪所判处的刑罚，依照本法第六十四条的规定，决定执行的刑罚。
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SECTION 5 SUSPENSION OF SENTENCE
| | 第五节 缓 刑 |
Article 67. A suspension of sentence may be granted to a
criminal sentenced to criminal detention or to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than three years if, according to the
circumstances of his crime and his demonstration of repentance, it
is considered that suspension of the sentence will not result in
further harm to society.
If a supplementary punishment has been imposed on a criminal whose
sentence has been suspended, the supplementary punishment must still be
executed.
| | 第六十七条 对于被判处拘役、 三年以下有期徒刑的犯罪分子， 根据犯罪分子的犯罪情节和悔罪表现，认为适用缓刑确实不致再危害社会的，可以宣告缓刑。
被宣告缓刑的犯罪分子，如果被判处附加刑，附加刑仍须执行。
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Article 68. The probation period for suspension of criminal
detention shall be not less than the term originally decided and
not more than one year, but it may not be less than one month.
The probation period for suspension of fixed-term imprisonment shall
be not less than the term originally decided and not more than five
years, but it may not be less than one year.
The probation period for suspension of sentence shall be counted
from the date the judgment is made final.
| | 第六十八条 拘役的缓刑考验期限为原判刑期以上一年以下，但是不能少于一个月。
有期徒刑的缓刑考验期限为原判刑期以上五年以下，但是不能少于一年。
缓刑考验期限，从判决确定之日起计算。
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Article 69. Suspension of sentence shall not be
applied to counterrevolutionary criminals or recidivists.
| | 第六十九条 对于反革命犯和累犯，不适用缓刑。
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Article 70. A criminal whose sentence has been suspended
shall be turned over by the public security organ to the unit to which
he belongs or to a basic-level organization for observation during
the probation period for suspension. If he commits no further crime,
the punishment originally decided shall not be executed upon the
expiration of the probation period for suspension; if he does
commit further crime, the suspension shall be revoked and the
punishment to be executed shall be decided on the basis of the
punishments for the former and latter crimes and according to the
provisions of Article 64 of this Law.
| | 第七十条 被宣告缓刑的犯罪分子， 在缓刑考验期限内， 由公安机关交所在单位或者基层组织予以考察，如果没有再犯新罪，缓刑考险期满，原判的刑罚就不再执行；如果再犯新罪，撤销缓刑，把前罪和后罪所判处的刑罚，依照本法第六十四条的规定，决定执行的刑罚。
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SECTION 6 COMMUTATION OF PUNISHMENT
| | 第六节 减 刑 |
Article 71. A criminal sentenced to public surveillance,
criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment
may have his punishment commuted if he shows true repentance or
performs meritorious service while serving his sentence. However, after
one or more commutations, the term of punishment actually to be
served by those sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention
or fixed-term imprisonment may not be less than half of the term
originally decided; for those sentenced to life imprisonment, it may
not be less than ten years.
| | 第七十一条 被判处管制、拘役、 有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子， 在执行期间，如果确有悔改或者立功表现，可以减刑。但是经过一次或者几次减刑以后实际执行的刑期，判处管制、拘役、有期徒刑的，不能少于原判刑期的二分之一；判处无期徒刑的，不能少于十年。
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Article 72. A term of fixed-term imprisonment that is commuted
from a life imprisonment shall be counted from the date the order of
commutation is issued.
| | 第七十二条 无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的刑期，从裁定减刑之日起计算。
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SECTION 7 PAROLE
| | 第七节 假 释 |
Article 73. Criminals sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
who have served more than half of the term of their original
sentence or criminals sentenced to life imprisonment who have served
not less than ten years of their term may be granted parole if they
show true repentance and will no longer cause harm to society. If
special circumstances exist, the above restrictions relating to the
term served may be disregarded.
| | 第七十三条 被判处有期徒刑的犯罪分子， 执行原判刑期二分之一以上， 被判处无期徒刑的犯罪分子，实际执行十年以上，如果确有悔改表现，不致再危害社会，可以假释。如果有特殊情节，可以不受上述执行刑期的限制。
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Article 74. The probation period for parole in the case of a
fixed-term imprisonment shall be equal to the portion of the term
that has not been completed; the probation period fro parole in the
case of life imprisonment shall be ten years.
The probation period for parole shall be counted from the date the
criminal is released on parole.
| | 第七十四条 有期徒刑的假释考验期限，为没有执行完毕的刑期；无期徒刑的假释考验期限，为十年。
假释考验期限，从假释之日起计算。
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Article 75. A criminal who is granted parole shall be
subject to supervision by a public security organ during the
probation period for parole. If he commits no further crime during
that period, the punishment to which he was originally sentenced
shall be considered to have been completely executed; if he does
commit further crime, the parole shall be revoked and the punishment
to be executed shall be decided on the basis of the unexecuted
punishment of the former crime and the punishment imposed for the
latter crime and according to the provisions of Article 64 of this Law.
| | 第七十五条 被假释的犯罪分子， 在假释考验期限内， 由公安机关予以监督，如果没有再犯新罪，就认为原判刑罚已经执行完毕；如果再犯新罪，撤销假释，把前罪没有执行的刑罚和后罪所判处的刑罚，依照本法第六十四条的规定，决定执行的刑罚。
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SECTION 8 IMITATION
| | 第八节 时 效 |
Article 76. Crimes shall not be prosecuted if the following
periods have elapsed:
(1) five years, when the maximum prescribed punishment is
fixed-term imprisonment of less than five years;
(2) ten years, when the maximum prescribed punishment is
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but less than ten
years;
(3) fifteen years, when the maximum prescribed punishment is
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years; and
(4) Twenty years, when the maximum prescribed punishment is
life imprisonment or death. If after twenty years it is considered
that a crime must be prosecuted, the matter must be submitted to
the Supreme People's Procuratorate for approval.
| | 第七十六条 犯罪经过下列期限不再追诉：
（一）法定最高刑为不满五年有期徒刑的， 经过五年；
（二）法定最高刑为五年以上不满十年有期徒刑的，经过十年；
（三）法定最高刑为十年以上有期徒刑的，经过十五年；
（四）法定最高刑为无期徒刑、 死刑的，经过二十年。如果二十年以后认为必须追诉的，须报请最高人民检察院核准。
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Article 77. No limitation on the period for prosecution
shall be imposed with respect to criminals who escape from
investigation or trial after compulsory measures have been adopted
by a people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ.
| | 第七十七条 在人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关采取强制措施以后，逃避侦查或者审判的，不受追诉期限的限制。
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Article 78. The limitation period for prosecution shall be
counted from the date of the crime; if the criminal act is of a
continual or continuous nature, it shall be counted from the date the
criminal act is terminated.
If further crime is committed during a limitation period for
prosecution, the limitation period for prosecution of the former
crime shall be counted from the date the latter crime is committed.
| | 第七十八条 追诉期限从犯罪之日起计算； 犯罪行为有连续或者继续状态的，从犯罪行为终了之日起计算。
在追诉期限以内又犯罪的，前罪追诉的期限从犯后罪之日起计算。
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CHAPTER V OTHER REVISIONS
| | 第五章 其他规定 |
Article 79. Crime that are not expressly defined in the
Specific Provisions of this Law may be determined and punished
in according to whichever article in the Specific Provisions of
this Law that covers the most closely analogous crime, but the
judgment shall be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for approval.
| | 第七十九条 本法分则没有明文规定的犯罪，可以比照本法分则最相类似的条文定罪判刑，但是应当报请最高人民法院核准。
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Article 80. Where the provisions of this Law cannot be
completely applied in national autonomous areas, the organs of
state power of those autonomous regions or the provinces concerned
may formulate adoptive or supplementary provisions based on the
political, economic and cultural characteristics of the local
nationalities and the basic principles stipulated in this Law,
and these provisions shall go into effect after they have been
submitted to and approved by the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress.
| | 第八十条 民族自治地方不能全部适用本法规定的，可以由自治区或者省的国家权力机关根据当地民族的政治、经济、文化的特点和本法规定的基本原则，制定变通或者补充的规定，报请全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准施行。
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Article 81. "Public property" as mentioned in this Law refers
to the following:
(1) property owned by the whole people; and
(2) property owned collectively by working people.
Private property that is being managed, used or transported by the
state, people's communes, cooperatives, joint ventures and people's
organizations shall be treated as public property.
| | 第八十一条 本法所说的公共财产是指下列财产：
（一）全民所有的财产；
（二）劳动群众集体所有的财产。
在国家、人民公社、合作社、合营企业和人民团体管理、 使用或者运输中的私人财产，以公共财产论。
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Article 82. "Citizens' privately owned lawful property" as
mentioned in this Law refers to the following:
(1) Citizens' lawfully earned income, savings, houses and other
means of livelihood; and
(2) Any means of production such as plots of land, livestock and
trees that are under individual or family ownership or use according to
law.
| | 第八十二条 本法所说的公民私人所有的合法财产是指下列财产：
（一）公民的合法收入、储蓄、房屋和其他生活资料；
（二）依法归个人、家庭所有或者使用的自留地、自留畜、自留树等生产资料。
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Article 83. "State functionaries" as mentioned in this Law
refers to all personnel of state organs, enterprises and
institutions and other personnel who are engaged in public service
according to law.
| | 第八十三条 本法所说的国家工作人员是指一切国家机关、企业、事业单位和其他依照法律从事公务的人员。
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Article 84. "Judicial functionaries" as mentioned in this Law
refers to personnel who have the functions of investigation and
interrogation, prosecution, adjudication and supervision and management
of criminals.
| | 第八十四条 本法所说的司法工作人员是指有侦讯、 检察、审判、 监管人犯职务的人员。
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Article 85. "Serious injuries" as mentioned in this Law refers
to any of the following:
(1) injuries resulting in loss of a person's use of a limb
or in disfigurement;
(2) injuries resulting in loss of a person's hearing, sight or the
function of any other organ; and
(3) other injuries that cause grave harm to a person's physical health.
| | 第八十五条 本法所说的重伤是指有下列情形之一的伤害：
（一）使人肢体残废或者毁人容貌的；
（二）使人丧失听觉、视觉或者其他器官机能的；
（三）其他对于人身健康有重大伤害的。
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Article 86. "Ringleader" as mentioned in this Law refers
to any criminal who has the role of organizing, planning or
directing a criminal group or a crowd assembled to commit a crime.
| | 第八十六条 本法所说的首要分子是指在犯罪集团或者聚众犯罪中起组织、策划、指挥作用的犯罪分子。
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Article 87. "To be handled only upon complaint" as mentioned
in this Law means that a case shall only be handled if the
victim brings a complaint. If the victim is unable to bring a
complaint because of coercion or intimidation, a people's
procuratorate or a close relative of the victim may bring his complaint.
| | 第八十七条 本法所说的告诉才处理，是指被害人告诉才处理。如果被害人因受强制、威吓无法告诉的，人民检察院和被害人的近亲属也可以告诉。
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Article 88. "Not less than", "not more than" and "within" as
mentioned in this Law all include the given figure.
| | 第八十八条 本法所说的以上、以下、以内，都连本数在内。
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Article 89. The General Provisions of this Law are applicable to
other laws and decrees with provisions for criminal punishments,
unless otherwise provided in other laws.
| | 第八十九条 本法总则适用于其他有刑罚规定的法律、法令，但是其他法律有特别规定的除外。
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PART TWO SPECIFIC PROVISIONS
| | 第二编 分 则 |
CHAPTER I CRIMES OF COUNTERREVOLUTION
| | 第一章 反革命罪 |
Article 90. A "crime of counterrevolution" refers to any act
that is committed with the aim of overthrowing the political
power of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the socialist
system and endangers the People's Republic of China.
| | 第九十条 以推翻无产阶级专政的政权和社会主义制度为目的的、危害中华人民共和国的行为，都是反革命罪。
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Article 91. Whoever colludes with a foreign state in
plotting to jeopardize the sovereignty, territorial integrity and
security of China shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.
| | 第九十一条 勾结外国，阴谋危害祖国的主权、领土完整和安全的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 92. Whoever plots to subvert the government or
dismember the state shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.
| | 第九十二条 阴谋颠覆政府、分裂国家的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 93. Whoever instigates, lures or bribes a state
functionary or a member of the armed forces, the people's police or
the people's militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor or to
rise in rebellion shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.
| | 第九十三条 策动、勾引、收买国家工作人员、武装部队、人民警察、民兵投敌叛变或者叛乱的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 94. Whoever defects to the enemy and turns traitor
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than ten years; if the circumstances are serious
or the case concerns the leading of a group defection and
betrayal, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment.
Whoever leads members of the armed forces, the people's police
or the people's militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor shall
be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than ten years.
| | 第九十四条 投敌叛变的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的或者率众投敌叛变的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
率领武装部队、人民警察、民兵投敌叛变的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 95. Ringleaders of an armed mass rebellion or others
whose criminal involvements are very serious shall be
sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than ten years; other active participants shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more
than ten years.
| | 第九十五条 持械聚众叛乱的首要分子或者其他罪恶重大的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；其他积极参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 96. Ringleaders who gather a group to raid a prison or
organize a jailbreak or others whose criminal involvements are very
serious shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than ten years; other active participants
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than ten years.
| | 第九十六条 聚众劫狱或者组织越狱的首要分子或者其他罪恶重大的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；其他积极参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 97. Whoever commits any of the following acts of
espionage or aiding the enemy shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment or, if
the circumstances are relatively minor, to fixed-term imprisonment of
not less than three years and not more than ten years:
(1) Stealing, secretly gathering or supplying intelligence for the
enemy;
(2) Supplying arms and ammunition or other military materials to the
enemy; or
(3) Joining a secret service or espionage organization or
accepting a mission assigned by the enemy.
| | 第九十七条 进行下列间谍或者资敌行为之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；
（一）为敌人窃取、刺探、提供情报的；
（二）供给敌人武器军火或者其他军用物资的；
（三）参加特务、间谍组织或者接受敌人派遣任务的。
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Article 98. Whoever organizes or leads a counterrevolutionary
group shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
five years; others who actively participate in a
counterrevolutionary group shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public
surveillance or deprivation of political rights.
| | 第九十八条 组织、领导反革命集团的，处五年以上有期徒刑；其他积极参加反革命集团的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
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Article 99. Whoever organizes or uses feudal
superstition, superstitious sects or secret societies to carry on
counterrevolutionary activities shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than five years; if the circumstances are
relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention,
public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.
| | 第九十九条 组织、利用封建迷信、会道门进行反革命活动的，处五年以上有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
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Article 100. Whoever, for the purpose of counterrevolution,
carries on any of the following acts of sabotage shall be
sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than ten years or, if the circumstances are relatively minor,
to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more
than ten years:
(1) causing explosions, setting fires, breaching dikes and using
technical or other means to sabotage military equipment,
production facilities, communications or transportation
equipment, construction projects danger prevention equipment or
other public structures or public property;
(2) stealing state records or military materials or plundering
industrial or mining enterprises, banks, shops, warehouses or other
public property;
(3) hijacking ships, naval vessels, aircraft, trains, trams or
motor vehicles;
(4) directing the enemy to any bombing or shelling target; and
(5) manufacturing, forcibly seizing or stealing guns or ammunition.
| | 第一百条 以反革命为目的，进行下列破坏行为之一的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑：
（一）爆炸、放火、决水、利用技术或者以其他方法破坏军事设备、生产设施、通讯交通设备、建筑工程、防险设备或者其他公共建设、公共财物的；
（二）抢劫国家档案、军事物资、工矿企业、银行、商店、仓库或者其他公共财物的；
（三）劫持船舰、飞机、火车、电车、汽车的；
（四）为敌人指示轰击目标的；
（五）制造、抢夺、盗窃枪支、弹药的。
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Article 101. Whoever, for the purpose of counterrevolution,
spreads poisons, disseminates germs or kills or injures people by
other means shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than ten years; if the circumstances are
relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百零一条 以反革命为目的，投放毒物、散布病菌或者以其他方法杀人、伤人的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 102. Whoever, for the purpose of counterrevolution,
commits any of the following acts shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention,
public surveillance or deprivation of political rights, and
ringleaders or others whose crimes are very serious shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years:
(1) inciting the masses to resist or sabotage the implementation
of the state's laws or decrees; or
(2) propagandizing for and inciting the overthrow of the political
power of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the socialist
system, through counterrevolutionary slogans, leaflets or by other
means.
| | 第一百零二条 以反革命为目的，进行下列行为之一的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；首要分子或者其他罪恶重大的，处五年以上有期徒刑：
（一）煽动群众抗拒、破坏国家法律、法令实施的；
（二）以反革命标语、传单或者其他方法宣传煽动推翻无产阶级专政的政权和社会主义制度的。
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Article 103. If any crime of counterrevolution mentioned above
in this Chapter, except those mentioned in Articles 98, 99 and
102, causes especially serious harm to the state and the people and
the circumstances are especially flagrant, the death penalty may be
imposed.
| | 第一百零三条 本章上述反革命罪行中， 除第九十八条、 第九十九条、第一百零二条外，对国家和人民危害特别严重、情节特别恶劣的，可以判处死刑。
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Article 104. Whoever commits any of the crimes mentioned
in this Chapter may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of
property.
| | 第一百零四条 犯本章之罪的，可以并处没收财产。
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CHAPTER II CRIMES OF ENDANGERING PUBLIC SECURITY
| | 第二章 危害公共安全罪 |
Article 105. Whoever sets fires, breaches dikes, causes
explosions or uses other dangerous means to sabotage factories,
mines, oilfields, harbours, rivers, water sources, warehouses,
dwellings, forests, farms, threshing grounds, pastures, important
pipelines, public buildings or other public or private property and
thereby endangers public security, if serious consequences have
not yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
of not less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百零五条 放火、决水、爆炸或者以其他危险方法破坏工厂、矿场、油田、港口、河流、水源、仓库、住宅、森林、农场、谷场、重要管道、公共建筑物或者其他公私财产、危害公共安全，尚未造成严重后果的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 106. Whoever sets fires, breaches dikes, causes
explosions, spreads poisons or uses other dangerous techniques
resulting in serious human injure or death or great loss of public or
private property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.
Whoever negligently commits the crime mentioned in the preceding
paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more
than seven years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百零六条 放火、决水、爆炸、投毒或者以其他危险方法致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
过失犯前款罪的，处七年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 107. Whoever sabotages trains, motor vehicles, trams,
ships or aircraft in a manner that is sufficient to put trains,
motor vehicles, trams, ships or aircraft in danger of overturning
or being destroyed, if serious consequences have not yet
resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百零七条 破坏火车、 汽车、电车、船只、飞机，足以使火车、汽车、电车、船只、飞机发生倾覆、毁坏危险，尚未造成严重后果的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 108. Whoever sabotages railroads, bridges, tunnels,
highways, airports, waterways, lighthouses or signs or conducts
other damaging activities in a manner that is sufficient to put
trains, motor vehicles, trams, ships or aircraft in danger of
overturning or being destroyed, if serious consequences have not
yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百零八条 破坏轨道、桥梁、隧道、公路、机场、航道、灯塔、标志或者进行其他破坏活动，足以使火车、汽车、电车、船只、飞机发生倾覆、毁坏危险，尚未造成严重后果的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 109. Whoever sabotages electric power or gas
facilities or other inflammable or explosive equipment and
thereby endangers public security, if serious consequences have not
yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百零九条 破坏电力、煤气或者其他易燃易爆设备，危害公共安全，尚未造成严重后果的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 110. Whoever sabotages a means of transport,
transportation facilities, electric power or gas facilities, or
inflammable or explosive equipment and thereby causes serious
consequences shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.
Whoever negligently commits the crime mentioned in the preceding
paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more
than seven years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百一十条 破坏交通工具、交通设备、电力煤气设备、易燃易爆设备造成严重后果的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
过失犯前款罪的，处七年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 111. Whoever sabotages broadcasting stations or
telegraph, telephone or other communications equipment and thereby
endangers public security shall be sentenced , , , , to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than seven years or criminal detention; if
serious consequences have resulted, the offender shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years.
Whoever negligently commits the crime mentioned in the preceding
paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more
than seven years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百一十一条 破坏广播电台、电报、电话或者其他通讯设备，危害公共安全的，处七年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成严重后果的，处七年以上有期徒刑。
过失犯前款罪的，处七年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 112. Whoever illegally manufactures, trades in or
transports guns or ammunition or steals or forcibly seizes the guns
or ammunition of state organs, members of the armed forces, the
police or the people's militia shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than seven years; if the circumstances
are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than seven years or life imprisonment.
| | 第一百一十二条 非法制造、买卖、运输枪支、弹药的，或者盗窃、抢夺国家机关、军警人员、民兵的枪支、弹药的，处七年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。
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Article 113. If a person engaged in communications or
transportation violates the rules and regulations and thereby
causes a serious accident resulting in serious bodily injury or death
or serious losses to public or private property, he shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years
or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially flagrant,
he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
three years and not more than seven years.
Persons not engaged in communications or transportation who commit a
crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in
accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
| | 第一百一十三条 从事交通运输的人员违反规章制度，因而发生重大事故，致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别恶劣的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
非交通运输人员犯前款罪的，依照前款规定处罚。
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Article 114. If any staff member or worker of a factory, mine,
forestry centre, construction enterprise or other enterprise or
institution disobeys management and violates the rules and regulations
or forces workers to work in a hazardous way in violation of the
rules and thereby causes a serious accident involving injury or
death and serious consequences, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention;
if the circumstances are especially flagrant, he shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more
than seven years.
| | 第一百一十四条 工厂、矿山、林场、建筑企业或者其他企业、事业单位的职工，由于不服管理、违反规章制度， 或者强令工人违章冒险作业， 因而发生重大伤亡事故，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别恶劣的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 115. If anyone violates the regulations on the
control of explosive, inflammable, radioactive, poisonous or
corrosive materials and thereby causes a serious accident
during the production, storage, transportation or use of those
materials, and serious consequences result, he shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal
detention; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and
not more than seven years.
| | 第一百一十五条 违反爆炸性、易燃性、 放射性、毒害性、 腐蚀性物品的管理规定，在生产、储存、运输、使用中发生重大事故，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；后果特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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CHAPTER III CRIMES OF UNDERMINING THE SOCIALIST ECONOMIC ORDER
| | 第三章 破坏社会主义经济秩序罪 |
Article 116. Whoever engages in smuggling in violation of the
Custom Law and relevant regulations, if the circumstances are
serious, shall, in addition to confiscation of the smuggled articles
and possible imposition of a fine in accordance with the Customs Law
and relevant regulations, be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
of not more than three years or criminal detention, and may
concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of property.
| | 第一百一十六条 违反海关法规，进行走私，情节严重的，除按照海关法规没收走私物品并且可以罚款外，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处没收财产。
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Article 117. Whoever engages in speculation in violation of
the laws and regulations on the control of monetary affairs, foreign
exchange, gold and silver, or on the administration of industrial and
commercial affairs, if the circumstances are serious, shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years
or criminal detention, or he may concurrently or exclusively be
sentenced to a fine or confiscation or property.
| | 第一百一十七条 违反金融、外汇、金银、工商管理法规，投机倒把，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处、单处罚金或者没收财产。
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Article 118. Whoever makes a regular business of smuggling or
illicit speculation, smuggles or speculates in huge amounts or is the
ringleader of a group that smuggles or engages in illicit speculation
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than ten years, and may concurrently be sentenced to
confiscation of property.
| | 第一百一十八条 以走私、投机倒把为常业的，走私、投机倒把数额巨大的或者走私、投机倒把集团的首要分子，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。
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Article 119. Any state functionary who takes advantage of his
office to commit the crime of smuggling or speculation shall be
given a heavier punishment.
| | 第一百一十九条 国家工作人员利用职务上的便利， 犯走私、投机倒把罪的，从重处罚。
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Article 120. Whoever, for the purpose of profit,
counterfeits or resells ration coupons, if the circumstances are
serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than three years or criminal detention, or he may concurrently
or exclusively be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property.
Ringleaders of a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and
other offenders in particularly serious cases of such crime shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years
and not more than seven years, and may concurrently be sentenced to
confiscation of property.
| | 第一百二十条 以营利为目的，伪造或者倒卖计划供应票证，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处、单处罚金或者没收财产。
犯前款罪的首要分子或者情节特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，可以并处处没收财产。
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Article 121. In cases of tax evasion or refusal to pay
taxes in violation of tax laws and regulations, if the
circumstances are serious, the taxpayer shall be ordered to pay
the tax due and may be fined in accordance with the tax laws
and regulations; the person directly responsible shall also be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or
criminal detention.
| | 第一百二十一条 违反税收法规， 偷税、抗税， 情节严重的，除按照税收法规补税并且可以罚款外，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 122. Whoever counterfeits national currency or
traffics in counterfeited national currency shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years
and not more than seven years and may concurrently be sentenced to a
fine or confiscation of property.
Ringleaders of the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and
other offenders in particularly serious cases of such crime shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years or
life imprisonment and may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of
property.
| | 第一百二十二条 伪造国家货币或者贩运伪造的国家货币的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，可以并处罚金或者没收财产。
犯前款罪的首要分子或者情节特别严重的，处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。
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Article 123. Whoever counterfeits cheques, shares certificates or
other valuable securities shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than seven years and may concurrently be
sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百二十三条 伪造支票、股票或者其他有价证券的，处七年以下有期徒刑，可以并处罚金。
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Article 124. Whoever, for the purpose of profit, counterfeits
tickets for vehicles or ships, postage stamps, tax stamps or
invoices shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more
than two years, criminal detention or a fine; if the
circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than seven years
and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百二十四条 以营利为目的，伪造车票、船票、邮票、税票、货票的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑，可以并处罚金。
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Article 125. If anyone for purpose of retaliation or from
spite or other personal motives destroys machinery or equipment,
cruelly injures or slaughters draught animals or uses other means
to sabotage collective production, he shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal
detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not more
than seven years.
| | 第一百二十五条 由于泄愤报复或者其他个人目的，毁坏机器设备、 残害耕畜或者以其他方法破坏集体生产的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 126. In cases of misappropriation of state funds and
materials that are allocated for disaster relief, emergencies, flood
control, case to disabled servicemen and families of revolutionary
martyrs and serviceman, and social relief, if the circumstances are
serious and major harm of the interests of the state and the
people has resulted, the person directly responsible shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or
criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially serious, he
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than seven years.
| | 第一百二十六条 挪用国家救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、救济款物，情节严重，致使国家和人民群众利益遭受重大损害的，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 127. Where an industrial or commercial enterprise
violates the laws and regulations on trademark administration and
counterfeits the registered trademark of another enterprise, the
person directly responsible shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or a fine.
| | 第一百二十七条 违反商标管理法规，工商企业假冒其他企业已经注册的商标的，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。
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Article 128. Whoever illegally cuts down trees or denudes
forests or other woodlands in violation of the laws and
regulations on forestry protection, if the circumstances are
serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than three years or criminal detention and may concurrently or
exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百二十八条 违反保护森林法规，盗伐、滥伐森林或者其他林木，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处或者单处罚金。
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Article 129. Whoever, in violation of the laws and regulations
on the protection of aquatic resources, fishes for aquatic
products in an area where fishing is prohibited, during a period when
fishing is prohibited or using implements or methods that are
prohibited, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention
or a fine.
| | 第一百二十九条 违反保护水产资源法规，在禁渔区、禁渔期或者使用禁用的工具、方法捕捞水产品，情节严重的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。
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Article 130. Whoever, in violation of game laws and regulations,
hunts in a game reserve, during a period when hunting is
prohibited or using implements or methods that are prohibited,
thereby damaging rare birds, beasts or other wild animal resources,
if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or a fine.
| | 第一百三十条 违反狩猎法规， 在禁猎区、 禁猎期或者使用禁用的工具、方法进行狩猎，破坏珍禽、珍兽或者其他野生动物资源，情节严重的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。
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CHAPTER IV CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON THE RIGHTS OF THE PERSON
AND THE DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS OF CITIZENS
| | 第四章 侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪 |
Article 131. The rights of the person, democratic rights and
other rights of citizens shall be protected from unlawful
infringement by any person or organization. If the circumstances of
unlawful infringement are serious, those directly responsible shall be
given criminal sanctions.
| | 第一百三十一条 保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，不受任何人、任何机关非法侵犯。违法侵犯情节严重的，对直接责任人员予以刑事处分。
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Article 132. Whoever intentionally commits homicide shall be
sentenced to death, life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of
not less than ten years; if the circumstances are relatively minor,
the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百三十二条 故意杀人的，处死刑、无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 133. Whoever negligently kills another shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years; if
the circumstances are especially flagrant, the offender shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.
Where this Law has other provisions, such provisions shall prevail.
| | 第一百三十三条 过失杀人的，处五年以下有期徒刑；情节特别恶劣的，处五年以上有期徒刑。本法另有规定的，依照规定。
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Article 134. Whoever intentionally inflicts bodily injury upon
another person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than three years or criminal detention.
Whoever, by committing the crime mentioned in the preceding
paragraph, causes severe bodily injury to another person shall
be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than seven years; if he causes a person's
death, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less
than seven years or life imprisonment. Where this Law has other
provisions, such provisions shall prevail.
| | 第一百三十四条 故意伤害他人身体的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
犯前款罪，致人重伤的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；致人死亡的，处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。本法另有规定的，依照规定。
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Article 135. Whoever negligently injures another person and
causes him severe bodily injury shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention;
if the circumstances are especially flagrant, the offender shall
be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two
years and not more than seven years. Where this Law has other
provisions, such provisions shall prevail.
| | 第一百三十五条 过失伤害他人致人重伤的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别恶劣的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。本法另有规定的，依照规定。
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Article 136. It shall be strictly forbidden to extort a
confession by torture. Any state functionary who extorts a confession
by torture shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than three years or criminal detention. Whoever causes injury
or disability to a person through corporal punishment shall be
charged with the crime of injury and given a heavier punishment.
| | 第一百三十六条 严禁刑讯逼供。国家工作人员对人犯实行刑讯逼供的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。以肉刑致人伤残的，以伤害罪从重论处。
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Article 137. It shall be strictly forbidden to gather a
crowd for "beating, smashing and looting. " Whoever causes a
person's injury, disability or death through "beating, smashing
and looting" shall be punished for the crime of injury or
homicide. If articles of public or private property are destroyed or
forcibly taken, the ringleaders shall be punished for the crime of
robbery, in addition to being ordered to provide restitution or
compensation.
Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph
may be sentenced exclusively to deprivation of political rights.
| | 第一百三十七条 严禁聚众“打砸抢”。因“打砸抢”致人伤残、死亡的，以伤害罪、杀人罪论处。毁坏或者抢走公私财物的，除判令退赔外，首要分子以抢劫罪论处。
犯前款罪，可以单独判处剥夺政治权利。
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Article 138. It shall be strictly forbidden to use any method or
means to implicate cadres or the people on false charges. Whoever
fabricates facts to implicate another person (including a criminal)
on false charges shall be given a criminal sanction in the
light of the nature, circumstances, consequences and sentencing
standards of the crime that he falsely accused the other person of
committing. A state functionary who commits the crime of false
accusation shall be given a heavier punishment.
Where it is not a case of intentional false accusation but rather a
case of mistaken complaint or unsubstantiated accusation, the
provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply.
| | 第一百三十八条 严禁用任何方法、手段诬告陷害干部、群众。凡捏造事实诬告陷害他人（包括犯人）的， 参照所诬陷的罪行的性质、 情节、后果和量刑标准给予刑事处分。国家工作人员犯诬陷罪的，从重处罚。
不是有意诬陷，而是错告，或者检举失实的，不适用前款规定。
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Article 139. Whoever rapes a woman by force, threat or other
means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
three years and not more than ten years.
Whoever has sexual relations with a girl under the age of 14
shall be deemed to have committed rape and shall be given a heavier
punishment.
If the circumstances of a crime mentioned in the preceding two
paragraphs are especially serious or a person's serious bodily
injury or death has been caused, the offender shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment
or death.
If two or more persons commit rape and violate the same
victim in succession, they shall be given a heavier punishment.
| | 第一百三十九条 以暴力、胁迫或者其他手段强奸妇女的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
奸淫不满十四岁幼女的，以强奸论，从重处罚。
犯前两款罪，情节特别严重的或者致人重伤、死亡的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
二人以上犯强奸罪而共同轮奸的，从重处罚。
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Article 140. Whoever forces a woman to engage in prostitution
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百四十条 强迫妇女卖淫的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 141. Whoever abducts and traffics in human beings
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five
years; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.
| | 第一百四十一条 拐卖人口的， 处五年以下有期徒刑； 情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 142. Whoever violates the stipulations of the electoral
law and by violence, threat, deception, bribery or other unlawful
means sabotages elections or obstructs the electorate in its free
exercise of the right to vote and to stand for election shall
be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years
or criminal detention.
| | 第一百四十二条 违反选举法的规定，以暴力、威胁、欺骗、贿赂等非法手段破坏选举或者妨害选民自由行使选举权和被选举权的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 143. The unlawful detention of another person or the
unlawful deprivation of his personal freedom by any other means
shall be strictly prohibited. A violator shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal
detention or deprivation of political rights. In circumstances
where battery or humiliation has occurred, the violator shall be
given a heavier punishment.
Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and
causes serious bodily injury shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten
years; if he causes a person's death, he shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years.
| | 第一百四十三条 严禁非法拘禁他人，或者以其他方法非法剥夺他人人身自由。违者处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利。具有殴打、侮辱情节的，从重处罚。
犯前款罪，致人重伤的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；致人死亡的，处七年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 144. Whoever unlawfully subjects another person to
public surveillance, unlawfully subjects another person to a body
search or a search of his residence or unlawfully intrudes into
another person's residence shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百四十四条 非法管制他人，或者非法搜查他人身体、住宅，或者非法侵入他人住宅的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 145. Whoever, by violence or other methods, including
the use of "big character posters" and "small character posters, "
publicly insults another person or fabricates facts to defame him, if
the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or
deprivation of political rights.
The crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be handled
only upon complaint, except where serious harm has been done to the
public order and to the interests of the state.
| | 第一百四十五条 以暴力或者其他方法， 包括用“大字报”、“小字报”， 公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽谤他人，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、 拘役或者剥夺政治权利。
前款罪，告诉的才处理。但是严重危害社会秩序和国家利益的除外。
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Article 146. Any state functionary who abuses his power,
using his public office for private gain, in order to retaliate
against or frame complainants, petitioners or critics or incriminate
them on false charges shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not more than two years or criminal detention; if the circumstances
are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not less than two years and not more than seven years.
| | 第一百四十六条 国家工作人员滥用职权、假公济私，对控告人、申诉人、批评人实行报复陷害的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 147. Any state functionary who unlawfully deprives
citizens of their legitimate freedom of religious belief and infringes
upon the customs and habits of minority nationalities, if the
circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百四十七条 国家工作人员非法剥夺公民的正当的宗教信仰自由和侵犯少数民族风俗习惯，情节严重的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 148. If, during an investigation or trial, any witness,
expert witness, recorder or interpreter intentionally gives false
evidence or makes a false expert evaluation, record or
translation concerning circumstances that bear an important relation
to a case, in order to frame another person or conceal criminal
evidence, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than two years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are
serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed term imprisonment of not
less than two years and not more than seven years.
| | 第一百四十八条 在侦查、审判中， 证人、鉴定人、记录人、 翻译人对与案件有重要关系的情节，故意作虚假证明、鉴定、记录、翻译，意图陷害他人或者隐匿罪证的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 149. Whoever conceals, destroys or unlawfully opens
another person's letters, infringing upon the citizen's right to
freedom of correspondence, if the circumstances are serious,
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than one year
or criminal detention.
| | 第一百四十九条 隐匿、毁弃或者非法开拆他人信件，侵犯公民通信自由权利，情节严重的，处一年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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CHAPTER V CRIMES OF PROPERTY VIOLATION
| | 第五章 侵犯财产罪 |
Article 150. Whoever takes public or private property by force,
threat or other methods shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
of not less than three years and not more than ten years.
If the circumstances of the crime mentioned in the preceding
paragraph are serious or grievous bodily injury or death has been
caused, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death and may
concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of property.
| | 第一百五十条 以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法抢劫公私财物的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
犯前款罪，情节严重的或者致人重伤、死亡的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑，可以并处没收财产。
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Article 151. Whoever steals, swindles or forcibly seizes a
relatively large amount of public or private property shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years,
criminal detention or public surveillance.
| | 第一百五十一条 盗窃、诈骗、抢夺公私财物数额较大的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
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Article 152. A habitual thief or habitual swindler or anyone who
steals, swindles or forcibly seizes a huge amount of public or
private property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not less than five years and not more than ten years; if the
circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life
imprisonment, and may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of
property.
| | 第一百五十二条 惯窃、惯骗或者盗窃、 诈骗、抢夺公私财物数额巨大的， 处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。
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Article 153. If anyone commits a crime of theft, fraud or
forcible seizure and uses or threatens to use violence on the
spot in order to conceal booty, resist arrest or destroy criminal
evidence, he shall be punished in accordance with Article 150 of this
Law on the crime of robbery.
| | 第一百五十三条 犯盗窃、诈骗、 抢夺罪，为窝藏赃物、 抗拒逮捕或者毁灭罪证而当场使用暴力或者以暴力相威胁的，依照本法第一百五十条抢劫罪处罚。
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Article 154. Whoever extorts money or other public or private
property by blackmail shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not more than three years or criminal detention; if the
circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than
seven years.
| | 第一百五十四条 敲诈勒索公私财物的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 155. Any state functionary who takes advantage of his
office to embezzle public property shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if
the amount involved is huge and the circumstances are serious, he
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
five years; if the circumstances and especially serious, he shall
be sentenced to life imprisonment or death.
For the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the offender
shall be sentenced concurrently to confiscation of property or
ordered to make restitution or compensation.
If any person entrusted by state organs, enterprises,
institutions or people's organizations to perform public duties
commits the crime mentioned in the first paragraph of this Article,
he shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the two
preceding paragraphs.
| | 第一百五十五条 国家工作人员利用职务上的便利， 贪污公共财物的， 处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；数额巨大、情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处无期徒刑或者死刑。
犯前款罪的，并处没收财产，或者判令退赔。
受国家机关、企业、事业单位、人民团体委托从事公务的人员犯第一款罪的，依照前两款的规定处罚。
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Article 156. Whoever intentionally destroys public or private
property, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal
detention or a fine.
| | 第一百五十六条 故意毁坏公私财物，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。
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CHAPTER VI CRIMES OF OBSTRUCTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC ORDER
| | 第六章 妨害社会管理秩序罪 |
Article 157. Whoever by means of force or threat obstructs a
state functionary from carrying out his functions according to law or
refuses to carry out legally effective judgments or orders of people's
courts shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than
three years, criminal detention, a fine or deprivation of political
rights.
| | 第一百五十七条 以暴力、 威胁方法阻碍国家工作人员依法执行职务的， 或者拒不执行人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、罚金或者剥夺政法权利。
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Article 158. It shall be prohibited for anyone to disturb public
order by any means. If the circumstances of the public disturbance are
so serious that work, production, business, education or scientific
research cannot be conducted and the state and society suffer serious
losses, the ringleaders shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance
or deprivation of political rights.
| | 第一百五十八条 禁止任何人利用任何手段扰乱社会秩序。扰乱社会秩序情节严重，致使工作、生产、营业和教学、科研无法进行，国家和社会遭受严重损失的，对首要分子处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
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Article 159. Where an assembled crowd disturbs order at
stations, wharves, civil airports, marketplaces, public parks,
theatres, cinemas, exhibition halls, sports grounds or other public
places, or an assembled crowd blocks traffic or undermines traffic
order or resists or obstructs public security administration
personnel of the state from carrying out their duties according to
law, if the circumstances are serious, the ringleaders shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years,
criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of
political rights.
| | 第一百五十九条 聚众扰乱车站、码头、民用航空站、商场、公园、影剧院、展览会、运动场或者其他公共场所秩序，聚众堵塞交通或者破坏交通秩序，抗拒、阻碍国家治安管理工作人员依法执行职务，情节严重的，对首要分子处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。
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Article 160. Where an assembled crowd engages in affrays,
creates disturbances, humiliates women or engages in other hooligan
activities that undermine public order, if the circumstances are
flagrant, the offenders shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
of not more than seven years, criminal detention or public surveillance.
Ringleaders of hooligan groups shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years.
| | 第一百六十条 聚众斗殴，寻衅滋事，侮辱妇女或者进行其他流氓活动，破坏公共秩序，情节恶劣的，处七年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
流氓集团的首要分子，处七年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 161. If a criminal escapes after being arrested or
held in custody according to law, in addition to being sentenced for
the crime he originally committed or being made to serve the
term to which he was originally sentenced, he shall be
additionally sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than
five years or criminal detention.
Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph by
means of force or threats shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than seven years.
| | 第一百六十一条 依法被逮捕、关押的犯罪分子脱逃的，除按其原犯罪行判处或者按其原判刑期执行外，加处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
以暴力、威胁方法犯前款罪的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 162. Whoever harbours counterrevolutionaries or giver
false evidence to protect them shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or
public surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, the
offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than three years and not more than ten years.
Whoever harbours other criminals or gives false evidence to
protect them shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than two years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the
circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than
seven years.
Conspirators to a crime mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs
shall be punished as for a joint crime.
| | 第一百六十二条 窝藏或者作假证明包庇反革命分子的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
窝藏或者作假证明包庇其他犯罪分子的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
犯前两款罪，事前通谋的，以共同犯罪论处。
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Article 163. Whoever, in violation of firearm control
regulations, secretly keeps firearms or ammunition and refuses to
relinquish them shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not more than two years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百六十三条 违反枪支管理规定，私藏枪支、弹药，拒不交出的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 164. Whoever manufactures or sells bogus medicines for
profit and thereby harms the people's health shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal
detention or public surveillance, or he may concurrently or
exclusively be sentenced to a fine; if serious consequences have
resulted, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than two years and not more than seven years and may concurrently
be sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百六十四条 以营利为目的，制造、贩卖假药危害人民健康的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，可以并处或者单处罚金；造成严重后果的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑，可以并处罚金。
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Article 165. Any practitioner of sorcerer or witchcraft who
takes advantage of superstition to spread rumour or swindle
money or other property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment
of not more than two years, criminal detention or public
surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not
more than ten years.
| | 第一百六十五条 神汉、巫婆借迷信进行造谣、诈骗财物活动的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 166. Any practitioner of state functionary in order to
practise fraud shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or
deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious,
he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百六十六条 冒充国家工作人员招摇撞骗的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 167. Whoever forges, alters, steals, forcibly
seizes or destroys the official documents, certificates or seals
of state organs, enterprises, institutions or people's organizations
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three
years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation
of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, he shall
be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years
and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百六十七条 伪造、变造或者盗窃、抢夺、毁灭国家机关、企业、事业单位、人民团体的公文、证件、印章的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 168. Whoever, for the purpose of profit, assembles a
crowd to engage in gambling or makes gambling his profession shall
be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years,
criminal detention or public surveillance and may concurrently be
sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百六十八条 以营利为目的，聚众赌博或者以赌博为业的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，可以并处罚金。
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Article 169. Whoever, for the purpose of profit, lures
women into prostitution or shelters them in prostitution shall
be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years,
criminal detention or public surveillance; if the circumstances are
serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not less than five years and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine or
confiscation of property.
| | 第一百六十九条 以营利为目的，引诱、容留妇女卖淫的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑，可以并处罚金或者没收财产。
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Article 170. Whoever, for the purpose of profit, produces or
sells pornographic books or pictures shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal
detention or public surveillance and may concurrently be sentenced to a
fine.
| | 第一百七十条 以营利为目的，制作、贩卖淫书、淫画的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，可以并处罚金。
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Article 171. Whoever manufactures, sells or transports opium,
heroin, morphine or other narcotic drugs shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or
criminal detention and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine.
Whoever manufactures, sells or transports the narcotic drugs
mentioned in the preceding paragraph continually or in large
quantities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
less than five years, and may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation
of property.
| | 第一百七十一条 制造、贩卖、运输鸦片、海洛英、吗啡或者其他毒品的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处罚金。
一贯或者大量制造、贩卖、运输前款毒品的，处五年以上有期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。
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Article 172. Whoever conceals goods that he clearly knows were
obtained by a criminal act or acts as a sales agent for them shall
be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years,
criminal detention or public surveillance, or he may concurrently or
exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百七十二条 明知是犯罪所得的赃物而予以窝藏或者代为销售的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，可以并处或者单处罚金。
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Article 173. Whoever, in violation of the laws and
regulations on protection of cultural relics, secretly transports
precious cultural relics for export shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years,
and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine; if the circumstances
are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment, and may
concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of property.
| | 第一百七十三条 违反保护文物法规，盗运珍贵文物出口的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，可以并处罚金；情节严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。
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Article 174. Whoever intentionally damages precious cultural
relics, historic sites or scenic spots protected by the state shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than seven years or
criminal detention.
| | 第一百七十四条 故意破坏国家保护的珍贵文物、名胜古迹的，处七年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 175. Whoever intentionally damages the boundary
tablets, boundary markets or permanent survey indicators along the
national border shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than three years or criminal detention.
Any act committed for the purpose of treason shall be punished as a
crime of counterrevolution.
| | 第一百七十五条 故意破坏国家边境的界碑、界桩或者永久性测量标志的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
以叛国为目的的，按照反革命罪处罚。
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Article 176. Whoever, in violation of the exit and entry
regulations, secretly crosses the national boundary (borderline), if
the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than one year, criminal detention or public
surveillance.
| | 第一百七十六条 违反出入国境管理法规，偷越国（边）境，情节严重的，处一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
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Article 177. Whoever, for the purpose of profit,
organizes or transports another person to secretly cross the
national boundary (borderline) shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or
public surveillance and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百七十七条 以营利为目的，组织、运送他人偷越国（边）境的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，可以并处罚金。
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Article 178. Whoever violates the national border health and
quarantine regulations and causes the spread of quarantinable
infectious diseases or causes a serious danger of such diseases
spreading shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more
than three years or criminal detention, or he may concurrently or
exclusively be sentenced to a fine.
| | 第一百七十八条 违反国境卫生检疫规定，引起检疫传染病的传播，或者有引起检疫传染病传播严重危险的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处或者单处罚金。
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CHAPTER VII CRIMES OF DISRUPTING MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY
| | 第七章 妨害婚姻、家庭罪 |
Article 179. Whoever forcibly interferes with another person's
freedom of marriage shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of
not more than two years or criminal detention.
If anyone commiting the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph
causes his victim's death, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than seven years.
The crime mentioned in the first paragraph of this Article shall be
handled only upon complaint.
| | 第一百七十九条 以暴力干涉他人婚姻自由的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
犯前款罪，引起被害人死亡的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
第一款罪，告诉的才处理。
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Article 180. Whoever has a spouse and commits bigamy or whoever
marries another person while clearly knowing that the other has a
spouse shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than
two years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百八十条 有配偶而重婚的，或者明知他人有配偶而与之结婚的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 181. Whoever cohabits with or marries a person while
clearly knowing that that person is the spouse of a member of the
armed forces in active service shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than three years.
| | 第一百八十一条 明知是现役军人的配偶而与之同居或者结婚的，处三年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 182. Whoever maltreats a member of his family,
if the circumstances are flagrant, shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or public
surveillance.
If anyone committing the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph
causes serious injury or death to his victim, he shall be sentenced
to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than
seven years.
The crime mentioned in the first paragraph of this Article shall be
handled only upon complaint.
| | 第一百八十二条 虐待家庭成员，情节恶劣的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
犯前款罪，引起被害人重伤、死亡的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
第一款罪，告诉的才处理。
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Article 183. Whoever refuses his proper duty to support an aged
person, minor, sick person or any other person who cannot live
independently, if the circumstances are flagrant, shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five
years, criminal detention or public surveillance.
| | 第一百八十三条 对于年老、年幼、患病或者其他没有独立生活能力的人，负有扶养义务而拒绝扶养，情节恶劣的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
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Article 184. Whoever abducts a boy or girl under the age of 14,
thereby cutting the child off from his family or guardian, shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or
criminal detention.
| | 第一百八十四条 拐骗不满十四岁的男、女，脱离家庭或者监护人的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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CHAPTER VIII CRIMES OF DERELICTION OF DUTY
| | 第八章 渎职罪 |
Article 185. Any state functionary who takes advantage of his
office to accept bribes shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.
The funds or articles that he received as bribes shall be
confiscated, and public funds or articles shall be recovered.
Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and
causes the interests of the state or citizens to suffer serious
losses shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than
five years.
Whoever offers or introduces a bribe to a state functionary
shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than
three years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百八十五条 国家工作人员利用职务上的便利，收受贿赂的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。赃款、赃物没收，公款、公物追还。
犯前款罪，致使国家或者公民利益遭受严重损失的，处五年以上有期徒刑。
向国家工作人员行贿或者介绍贿赂的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 186. Any state functionary who divulges important state
secrets, in violation of state laws and regulations on the protection
of secrets, if the circumstances are serious, shall be
sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than seven
years, criminal detention or deprivation of political rights.
If a person who is not a state functionary commits the crime
mentioned in the preceding paragraph, he shall be punished in
the light of the circumstances and in accordance with the
provisions of the preceding paragraph.
| | 第一百八十六条 国家工作人员违反国家保密法规，泄露国家重要机密，情节严重的，处七年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利。
非国家工作人员犯前款罪的，依照前款的规定酌情处罚。
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Article 187. Any state functionary who, because of neglect of
duty, causes public property or the interests of the state and
the people to suffer heavy losses shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.
| | 第一百八十七条 国家工作人员由于玩忽职守，致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
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Article 188. Any judicial functionary who engages in
malpractice for the benefit of his friends and subjects to
prosecution a person he clearly knows to be innocent and
intentionally protects from prosecution a person he clearly knows to
be guilty, or intentionally twists the law, confounding right and
wrong, when rendering judgments or orders, shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal
detention or deprivation of political rights; if the
circumstances are particularly serious, he shall be sentenced to
fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.
| | 第一百八十八条 司法工作人员徇私舞弊，对明知是无罪的人而使他受追诉、对明知是有罪的人而故意包庇不使他受追诉，或者故意颠倒黑白做枉法裁判的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利；情节特别严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。
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Article 189. Any judicial functionary who violates the
laws and regulations on prison management and subjects prisoners
or internees to corporal punishment, if the circumstances are
serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more
than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are
especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百八十九条 司法工作人员违反监管法规，对被监管人实行体罚虐待，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 190. Any judicial functionary who releases a criminal
without authorization shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the
circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term
imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years.
| | 第一百九十条 司法工作人员私放罪犯的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
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Article 191. Any postal and telecommunications worker who
opens, conceals or destroys mail or telegrams without
authorization shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not
more than two years or criminal detention.
Whoever steals property while committing the crime mentioned
in the preceding paragraph shall be given a heavier punishment
under Article 155 on the crime of embezzlement.
| | 第一百九十一条 邮电工作人员私自开拆或者隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
犯前款罪而窃取财物的，依照第一百五十五条贪污罪从重处罚。
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Article 192. Any state functionary who commits a crime
mentioned in this Chapter, if the circumstances are minor,
may be given an administrative sanction by the competent
department in the light of the circumstances. | | 第一百九十二条 国家工作人员犯本章之罪，情节轻微的，可以由主管部门酌情予以行政处分。
注：此条是指１９７８年宪法，现行宪法，即１９８２年宪法改为第三十五条。
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