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| Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Carrying out the Work of “Tips for Care for Minors” in Divorce Cases Involving Minor Children | | 最高人民法院关于在涉及未成年子女的离婚案件中开展“关爱未成年人提示”工作的意见 |
| (No. 74 [2024] of the Supreme People's Court) | | （法〔2024〕74号） |
| Four the purposes of implementing theXi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law in an in-depth manner, comprehensively implementing the spirit of the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping for the work for children, insisting on proactive performance of duties according to the law, implementing justice for the people in an in-depth and practical manner, strengthening the governance of litigation sources, and effectively protecting the lawful rights and interests of minors, these Opinions are developed in light of the work reality of the people's courts according to the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, the Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China, and other laws and provisions. | | 为深入贯彻落实习近平法治思想，全面贯彻落实习近平总书记关于少年儿童工作重要指示批示精神，坚持依法能动履职，做深做实为人民司法，强化诉源治理，切实维护未成年人合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国民法典》、《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》、《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》、《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》等法律规定，结合人民法院工作实际，制定本意见。 |
| I. Fully understanding the significance of the work of “tips for care for minors” | | 一、充分认识“关爱未成年人提示”工作的重大意义 |
| 1. It is an important duty of the people's courts to integrate the functions of civil, administrative and criminal trial involving minors, and comprehensively strengthen the judicial protection of minors. Carrying out the work of “tips for care for minors” in divorce cases involving minor children, conducting early prevention of behavior affecting the physical and mental health of minors, and moving forward the prevention and treatment of juvenile crimes is an inevitable requirement for the people's courts to diligently implement the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and practicing the people-oriented development thought in an in-depth manner, and an important measure for insisting on active performance of duties, strengthening the governance of the source of litigation, and strengthening the prevention of juvenile crimes. | | 1.融合贯通涉未成年人民事、行政、刑事审判职能，全面加强未成年人司法保护，是人民法院的重要职责。在涉及未成年子女的离婚案件中开展“关爱未成年人提示”工作，对影响未成年人身心健康行为进行早期预防，将防治未成年人犯罪工作关口前移，是人民法院认真贯彻落实习近平法治思想、深入践行以人民为中心发展思想的必然要求，是坚持能动履职、强化诉源治理、加强未成年人犯罪预防工作的重要举措。 |
| 2. Promoting the organic connection between judicial protection and family protection, school protection, social protection, network protection and government protection, and promoting the formation of a sound atmosphere of care for minors in the whole society is an inevitable requirement for implementing the principle that is most beneficial to minors. Carrying out the work of “tips for care for minors” in divorce cases involving minor children is of great significance for supervising parents to be qualified parents, avoiding the adverse impact of divorce disputes on minors, and promoting the physical and mental health of minors. | | 2.推动司法保护与家庭保护、学校保护、社会保护、网络保护和政府保护有机衔接，推动全社会形成关心关爱未成年人的良好氛围，是贯彻落实最有利于未成年人原则的必然要求。在涉及未成年子女的离婚案件中开展“关爱未成年人提示”工作，对于督导父母当好合格家长，避免离婚纠纷对未成年人产生不利影响，促进未成年人身心健康具有重要意义。 |
| II. Specifying the goals and tasks | | 二、明确目标任务 |
| 3. The parties to divorce cases shall be guided to correctly deal with the relationship between freedom of marriage and maintenance of family stability, care for minor children, and pay attention to the spiritual and material needs of the healthy growth of minor children. | | 3.引导离婚案件当事人正确处理婚姻自由与维护家庭稳定的关系，关心、关爱未成年子女，关注未成年子女健康成长的精神和物质需求。 |
| 4. The parties to divorce cases shall be guided to enhance their sense of responsibility, perform their duties of guardianship according to the law, fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of minor children, and appropriately handle related matters such as rearing, visitation and property in divorce cases for the purpose of ensuring the healthy growth of minor children. | | 4.引导离婚案件当事人提升责任意识，依法履行监护职责，充分保护未成年子女合法权益，在离婚案件中以保障未成年子女健康成长为目的，妥善处理抚养、探望、财产等相关事宜。 |
| 5. Juvenile crimes shall be prevented, the occurrence of situations that disregard or even infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of minors and harm the physical and mental health of minors shall be prevented to the maximum extent, and various negative factors that cause minors to violate the laws and commit crimes shall be eliminated, to nip in the bud. | | 5.预防未成年人犯罪，最大限度防止漠视甚至侵害未成年人合法权益、伤害未成年人身心健康情形的发生，消除引发未成年人违法犯罪的各种消极因素，防患于未然。 |
| 6. The physical and mental health of minors shall be promoted, a sound, harmonious and civilized family environment shall be created for the healthy growth of minors, and the formation of a favorable social atmosphere of care for minors shall be promoted. | | 6.促进未成年人身心健康，为未成年人健康成长创造良好、和睦、文明的家庭环境，推动形成关心关爱未成年人的良好社会氛围。 |
| III. Grasping the principles of work | | 三、把握工作原则 |
| 7. Insisting on the principle of the best interests of minors. In every case involving minors, the personal dignity of minors shall be fully respected, the law and characteristics of minors' physical and mental development shall be adapted to, and the concept of special, prioritized and comprehensive protection shall be implemented throughout the whole process of case handling and post-case extension work. | | 7.坚持最有利于未成年人原则。在每一起涉及未成年人的案件中，充分尊重未成年人的人格尊严，适应未成年人身心发展的规律和特点，将特殊、优先、全面保护理念贯穿在案件办理及案后延伸工作的全过程。 |
| 8. Insisting on the principle of “co-governance of morality and law.” In divorce cases involving minor children, socialist judicial concept in the new era shall be firmly established, socialist core values shall be vigorously promoted, attention shall be paid to the protection of minor children's personality, emotions, and safety interests, and the healthy growth of minor children shall be guaranteed. | | 8.坚持德法共治原则。在涉及未成年子女离婚案件中，牢固树立新时代社会主义司法理念，大力弘扬社会主义核心价值观，注重对未成年子女人格、情感、安全利益的保护，保障未成年子女健康成长。 |
| 9. Insisting on the principle of problem orientation. Based on the prevention and solution of some problems in divorce cases exposed in judicial practice, in which the parties neglect their minor children, and ignore and infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of minor children, resulting in physical and mental injury of minor children or illegal crimes, the work shall be conscientiously deployed and promoted. | | 9.坚持问题导向原则。立足于预防和解决司法实践暴露出的部分离婚案件当事人怠于关心、关爱未成年子女，漠视、侵害未成年子女合法权益，导致未成年子女身心受到伤害或者违法犯罪等问题，认真部署、推进工作。 |
| 10. Insisting on the principle of active performance of duties. The governance of source of litigation shall be strengthened, the causes of juvenile crimes and cases of infringement upon the rights and interests of minors shall be explored in an in-depth manner, the source shall be traced for governance, the prevention and treatment work shall be extended forward, and the integration of judicial protection and other five major protections shall be promoted. | | 10.坚持能动履职原则。强化诉源治理，深挖未成年人犯罪及未成年人权益被侵害案件成因，溯源而治，将预防和矫治工作向前延伸，推进司法保护与其他五大保护融合发力。 |
| 11. Insisting on the principle of adjusting measures to cases. According to the actual circumstances of cases, in a language that the parties can understand and accept, and in a convenient way and method, the work shall be carried out in a targeted manner, the laws and reasons shall be interpreted clearly, the interests and consequences shall be explained clearly, practical results shall be sought, and the unification of the political, legal and social effects of cases shall be promoted. | | 11.坚持因案制宜原则。根据案件实际情况，以当事人听得懂、能接受的语言，以便捷的方式、方法，有针对性地开展工作，讲清楚法律、道理，讲明白利害、后果，实事求是，务求实效，推进案件政治效果、法律效果、社会效果相统一。 |
| IV. Highlighting the work priorities | | 四、突出工作重点 |
| 12. To carry out the work of “tips for care for minors,” the following contents shall be reminded of and emphasized to the parties in divorce cases based on real cases in accordance with the Civil Code and relevant laws: | | 12.开展“关爱未成年人提示”工作，应当依据民法典和相关法律规定，依托真实案例向离婚案件当事人提示和强调下列内容： |
| (1) Parents have statutory obligations to bring up, educate and protect minor children and shall perform duties of guardianship according to the law; otherwise, they shall assume legal liability. | | （1）父母对未成年子女有法定的抚养、教育、保护的义务，应当依法履行监护职责，否则应当承担法律责任； |
| (2) Due to lack of parental care and love, the physical and mental health of minor children will be affected, and under serious circumstances, they may suffer infringement upon rights or commit crimes. | | （2）缺失父母的关心关爱，未成年子女身心健康会受到影响，严重时可能遭受侵害或者走上违法犯罪道路； |
| (3) Parents shall be cautious in dissolution of marriage relationship. Even if the marriage relationship is dissolved, attention shall be paid to the mental health and emotional needs of minor children, the opinions of minor children who have ability to express their will shall be listened to, and related matters such as rearing, visitation and property shall be appropriately handled. | | （3）解除婚姻关系应当谨慎。即使解除婚姻关系，也应当关注未成年子女心理健康和情感需求，听取有表达意愿能力未成年子女的意见，妥善处理抚养、探望、财产等相关事宜； |
| (4) Neither parent shall violate the principle of the best interests of minors, nor fight for custody by grabbing or hiding minor children, otherwise he or she may assume adverse consequences; and under serious circumstances, the people's courts may impose a fine or detain him or her, and where a crime is constituted, the violator shall be held criminally liable in accordance with the law. | | （4）父母任何一方均不得违背最有利于未成年人原则，以抢夺、藏匿未成年子女等方式争夺抚养权，否则可能承担不利后果；情节严重的，人民法院可予以罚款、拘留，构成犯罪的，还将依法追究刑事责任； |
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