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Announcement of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China
The Interpretation II of the Supreme People's Court of Several Issues concerning the Application of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, which was adopted at the 1462nd meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on February 9, 2009, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on May 13, 2009.
April 24, 2009
Interpretation II of the Supreme People's Court of Several Issues concerning the Application of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the 1462nd meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on February 9, 2009; Judicial Interpretation No. 5 [2009])
In order to correctly try the cases of disputes over contracts, in accordance with the provisions of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Contract Law), we hereby interpret several issues concerning the application of the Contract Law by the people's courts as follows:
| | 中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的解释（二）》已于2009年2月9日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1462次会议通过，现予公布，自2009年5月13日起施行。
二○○九年四月二十四日
最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国合同法》若干问题的解释（二）
（法释〔2009〕5号）
为了正确审理合同纠纷案件，根据《中华人民共和国合同法》的规定，对人民法院适用合同法的有关问题作出如下解释：
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I. Conclusion of Contract
| | 一、合同的订立
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Article 1 Where there is any dispute over whether a contract has been formed between the parties, if the people's court is able to determine the names of the parties, subject matter and quantity, generally, it shall determine the contract as having been formed, unless it is otherwise provided for by law or agreed on by the parties.
Where the parties fail to reach an agreement on any missing content of a contract other than that as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the people's court shall determine it in accordance with the relevant provisions of Articles 61, 62 and 125 of the Contract Law.
| | 第一条 当事人对合同是否成立存在争议，人民法院能够确定当事人名称或者姓名、标的和数量的，一般应当认定合同成立。但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。
对合同欠缺的前款规定以外的其他内容，当事人达不成协议的，人民法院依照合同法第六十一条、第六十二条、第一百二十五条等有关规定予以确定。
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Article 2 Where the parties did not conclude a contract in a written or verbal form, but it may be inferred from the civil conduct of both parties that both parties intended to conclude the contract, the people's court may determine that the contract was concluded in “any other form” as mentioned in paragraph 1 of Article 10 of the Contract Law, unless it is otherwise provided for by law.
| | 第二条 当事人未以书面形式或者口头形式订立合同，但从双方从事的民事行为能够推定双方有订立合同意愿的，人民法院可以认定是以合同法第十条第一款中的“其他形式”订立的合同。但法律另有规定的除外。
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Article 3 Where a reward provider publicly declares to pay a reward to the person who has completed some specific conduct, if the person who has completed the specific conduct requests payment of the reward by the reward provider, the people's court shall support his request, except under the circumstances as described in Article 52 of the Contract Law.
| | 第三条 悬赏人以公开方式声明对完成一定行为的人支付报酬，完成特定行为的人请求悬赏人支付报酬的，人民法院依法予以支持。但悬赏有合同法第五十二条规定情形的除外。
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Article 4 For a contract concluded in a written form, if the conclusion place as agreed on in the contract is different from the place where the contract was actually signed or sealed, the people's court shall determine the conclusion place as agreed on in the contract as the conclusion place of the contract. If no conclusion place is agreed on in the contract and the contract was signed or sealed by both parties at different places, the people's court shall determine that the place where the contract is last signed or sealed as the conclusion place of the contract.
| | 第四条 采用书面形式订立合同，合同约定的签订地与实际签字或者盖章地点不符的，人民法院应当认定约定的签订地为合同签订地；合同没有约定签订地，双方当事人签字或者盖章不在同一地点的，人民法院应当认定最后签字或者盖章的地点为合同签订地。
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Article 5 Where the parties conclude a contract in a written form, they shall sign or seal it. If a party affixes his fingerprint to the contract, the people's court shall determine that the fingerprint has the equal legal effect of a signature or seal.
| | 第五条 当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，应当签字或者盖章。当事人在合同书上摁手印的，人民法院应当认定其具有与签字或者盖章同等的法律效力。
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Article 6 Where, at the time of concluding a contract, the party providing the standard clauses adopted special characters, symbols, fonts and other signs sufficient to arouse the other party's attention to the content of the standard clauses regarding liability exemptions or restrictions in favor of the party providing the standard clauses, and made an explanation of the standard clauses according to the requirements of the other party, the people's court shall determine that the requirement of “a reasonable way” in Article 39 of the Contract Law has been satisfied.
The party providing the standard clauses shall bear the burden of proof on its/his fulfillment of the obligation to make reasonable prompting and explanation.
| | 第六条 提供格式条款的一方对格式条款中免除或者限制其责任的内容，在合同订立时采用足以引起对方注意的文字、符号、字体等特别标识，并按照对方的要求对该格式条款予以说明的，人民法院应当认定符合合同法第三十九条所称“采取合理的方式”。
提供格式条款一方对已尽合理提示及说明义务承担举证责任。
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Article 7 The people's court may determine the following circumstances as the “customary business practices” as mentioned inthe Contract Law, provided that they are not in violation of the mandatory provisions of any law or administrative regulation:
| | 第七条 下列情形，不违反法律、行政法规强制性规定的，人民法院可以认定为合同法所称“交易习惯”：
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1. The practice which is universally adopted at the place of transaction or in a certain field or sector and is known or should be known by the other party to the transaction when the contract is concluded; and
| | （一）在交易行为当地或者某一领域、某一行业通常采用并为交易对方订立合同时所知道或者应当知道的做法；
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2. The customary practice often used by both parties.
The claimant shall bear the burden of proof on a customary business practice.
| | （二）当事人双方经常使用的习惯做法。
对于交易习惯，由提出主张的一方当事人承担举证责任。
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Article 8 After the formation of a contract which does not become effective until it is approved or registered under a relevant law or administrative regulation, if the party which has the obligation to apply for going through the approval or registration formalities fails to apply for approval or registration under the relevant law or contractual provisions, such a failure shall fall within the scope of “any other act in violation of the principle of good faith”, and the people's court may, as the case may be and upon the request of the opposite party, rule that the opposite party shall go through the relevant formalities by itself; however, the other party shall be liable for compensating the opposite party for the expenses incurred therefor and the losses actually caused to the opposite party.
| | 第八条 依照法律、行政法规的规定经批准或者登记才能生效的合同成立后，有义务办理申请批准或者申请登记等手续的一方当事人未按照法律规定或者合同约定办理申请批准或者未申请登记的，属于合同法第四十二条第（三）项规定的“其他违背诚实信用原则的行为”，人民法院可以根据案件的具体情况和相对人的请求，判决相对人自己办理有关手续；对方当事人对由此产生的费用和给相对人造成的实际损失，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
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II. Validity of Contract
| | 二、合同的效力
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Article 9 Where the party providing the standard clauses violates the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 39 of the Contract Law regarding the obligation to make prompting and explanation and causes the other party's failure to notice the clauses regarding liability exemptions and restrictions in favor of the party providing the standard clauses, the people's court shall support the other party's application for revoking the standard clauses.
．．．．．． | | 第九条 提供格式条款的一方当事人违反合同法第三十九条第一款关于提示和说明义务的规定，导致对方没有注意免除或者限制其责任的条款，对方当事人申请撤销该格式条款的，人民法院应当支持。
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